2004-06-18 12:29:30 +00:00
|
|
|
@c Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
|
|
@c This is part of the GnuPG manual.
|
|
|
|
@c For copying conditions, see the file gnupg.texi.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Debugging
|
|
|
|
@chapter How to solve problems
|
|
|
|
|
2004-11-23 17:09:51 +00:00
|
|
|
Everyone knows that software often does not do what it should do and thus
|
2004-06-18 12:29:30 +00:00
|
|
|
there is a need to track down problems. We call this debugging in a
|
|
|
|
reminiscent to the moth jamming a relay in a Mark II box back in 1947.
|
|
|
|
|
2006-09-20 11:01:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Most of the problems a merely configuration and user problems but
|
|
|
|
nevertheless there are the most annoying ones and reponsible for many
|
2004-06-18 12:29:30 +00:00
|
|
|
gray hairs. We try to give some guidelines here on how to identify and
|
|
|
|
solve the problem at hand.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
|
|
* Debugging Tools:: Description of some useful tools
|
2004-06-28 07:42:33 +00:00
|
|
|
* Common Problems:: Commonly seen problems.
|
2005-06-07 19:09:18 +00:00
|
|
|
* Architecture Details:: How the whole thing works internally.
|
2004-06-18 12:29:30 +00:00
|
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Debugging Tools
|
|
|
|
@section Debugging Tools
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The GnuPG distribution comes with a couple of tools, useful to help find
|
|
|
|
and solving problems.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
|
|
* kbxutil:: Scrutinizing a keybox file.
|
|
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node kbxutil
|
|
|
|
@subsection Scrutinizing a keybox file
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A keybox is a file fomat used to store public keys along with meta
|
|
|
|
information and indices. The commonly used one is the file
|
|
|
|
@file{pubring.kbx} in the @file{.gnupg} directory. It contains all
|
|
|
|
X.509 certificates as well as OpenPGP keys@footnote{Well, OpenPGP keys
|
|
|
|
are not implemented, @command{gpg} still used the keyring file
|
|
|
|
@file{pubring.gpg}} .
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
When called the standard way, e.g.:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@samp{kbxutil ~/.gnupg/pubring.kbx}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
it lists all records (called @acronym{blobs}) with there meta-information
|
|
|
|
in a human readable format.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
To see statistics on the keybox in question, run it using
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@samp{kbxutil --stats ~/.gnupg/pubring.kbx}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
and you get an output like:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
|
|
Total number of blobs: 99
|
|
|
|
header: 1
|
|
|
|
empty: 0
|
|
|
|
openpgp: 0
|
|
|
|
x509: 98
|
|
|
|
non flagged: 81
|
|
|
|
secret flagged: 0
|
|
|
|
ephemeral flagged: 17
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In this example you see that the keybox does not have any OpenPGP keys
|
|
|
|
but contains 98 X.509 cerificates and a total of 17 keys or certificates
|
|
|
|
are flagges as ephemeral, meaning that they are only temporary stored
|
|
|
|
(cached) in the keybox and won't get listed using the usual commands
|
|
|
|
provided by @command{gpgsm} or @command{gpg}. 81 certifcates are stored
|
|
|
|
in a standard way and directly available from @command{gpgsm}.
|
|
|
|
|
2007-08-24 09:34:39 +00:00
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
To find duplicated certificates and keyblocks in a keybox file (this
|
|
|
|
should not occur but sometimes things go wrong), run it using
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@samp{kbxutil --find-dups ~/.gnupg/pubring.kbx}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004-06-18 12:29:30 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004-06-28 07:42:33 +00:00
|
|
|
@node Common Problems
|
|
|
|
@section Commonly Seen Problems
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
@item Error code @samp{Not supported} from Dirmngr
|
|
|
|
|
2004-11-23 17:09:51 +00:00
|
|
|
Most likely the option @option{enable-ocsp} is active for gpgsm
|
|
|
|
but Dirmngr's OCSP feature has not been enabled using
|
|
|
|
@option{allow-ocsp} in @file{dirmngr.conf}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item The Curses based Pinentry does not work
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The far most common reason for this is that the environment variable
|
|
|
|
@code{GPG_TTY} has not been set correctly. Make sure that it has been
|
|
|
|
set to a real tty devce and not just to @samp{/dev/tty};
|
|
|
|
i.e. @samp{GPG_TTY=tty} is plainly wrong; what you want is
|
|
|
|
@samp{GPG_TTY=`tty`} --- note the back ticks. Also make sure that
|
|
|
|
this environment variable gets exported, that is you should follow up
|
|
|
|
the setting with an @samp{export GPG_TTY} (assuming a Bourne style
|
|
|
|
shell). Even for GUI based Pinentries; you should have set
|
2004-11-24 14:50:20 +00:00
|
|
|
@code{GPG_TTY}. See the section on installing the @command{gpg-agent}
|
2004-11-23 17:09:51 +00:00
|
|
|
on how to do it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-06-07 19:09:18 +00:00
|
|
|
@item SSH hangs while a popping up pinentry was expected
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SSH has no way to tell the gpg-agent what terminal or X display it is
|
|
|
|
running on. So when remotely logging into a box where a gpg-agent with
|
|
|
|
SSH support is running, the pinentry will get popped up on whatever
|
|
|
|
display t he gpg-agent has been started. To solve this problem you may
|
|
|
|
issue the command
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
|
|
echo UPDATESTARTUPTTY | gpg-connect-agent
|
|
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and the next pinentry will pop up on your display or screen. However,
|
|
|
|
you need to kill the running pinentry first because only one pinentry
|
|
|
|
may be running at once. If you plan to use ssh on a new display you
|
|
|
|
should issue the above command before invoking ssh or any other service
|
|
|
|
making use of ssh.
|
|
|
|
|
2004-06-28 07:42:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-02-05 11:46:58 +00:00
|
|
|
@item Exporting a secret key without a certificate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I may happen that you have created a certificate request using
|
|
|
|
@command{gpgsm} but not yet received and imported the certificate from
|
|
|
|
the CA. However, you want to export the secret key to another machine
|
|
|
|
right now to import the certificate over there then. You can do this
|
|
|
|
with a little trick but it requires that you know the approximate time
|
|
|
|
you created the signing request. By running the command
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
|
|
ls -ltr ~/.gnupg/private-keys-v1.d
|
|
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
you get a listing of all private keys under control of @command{gpg-agent}.
|
|
|
|
Pick the key which best matches the creation time and run the command
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
|
|
/usr/local/libexec/gpg-protect-tool --p12-export ~/.gnupg/private-keys-v1.d/@var{foo} >@var{foo}.p12
|
|
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Please adjust the path to @command{gpg-protect-tool} to the approriate
|
|
|
|
location). @var{foo} is the name of the key file you picked (it should
|
|
|
|
have the suffix @file{.key}). A Pinentry box will pop up and ask you
|
|
|
|
for the current passphrase of the key and a new passphrase to protect it
|
|
|
|
in the pkcs#12 file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To import the created file on the machine you use this command:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
|
|
/usr/local/libexec/gpg-protect-tool --p12-import --store @var{foo}.p12
|
|
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You will be asked for the pkcs#12 passphrase and a new passphrase to
|
|
|
|
protect the imported private key at its new location.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that there is no easy way to match existing certificates with
|
|
|
|
stored private keys because some private keys are used for Secure Shell
|
|
|
|
or other purposes and don't have a corresponding certificate.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-08-24 09:34:39 +00:00
|
|
|
@item A root certificate does not verify
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A common problem is that the root certificate misses the required
|
|
|
|
basicConstrains attribute and thus @command{gpgsm} rejects this
|
|
|
|
certificate. An error message indicating ``no value'' is a sign for
|
|
|
|
such a certificate. You may use the @code{relax} flag in
|
|
|
|
@file{trustlist.txt} to accept the certificate anyway. Note that the
|
|
|
|
fingerprint and this flag may only be added manually to
|
|
|
|
@file{trustlist.txt}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004-06-28 07:42:33 +00:00
|
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
2005-06-07 19:09:18 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c ********************************************
|
|
|
|
@c *** Architecture Details *****************
|
|
|
|
@c ********************************************
|
|
|
|
@node Architecture Details
|
|
|
|
@section How the whole thing works internally.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
2007-07-05 16:58:19 +00:00
|
|
|
* GnuPG-1 and GnuPG-2:: Relationship between the two branches.
|
2005-06-07 19:09:18 +00:00
|
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
|
2007-07-05 16:58:19 +00:00
|
|
|
@node GnuPG-1 and GnuPG-2
|
2005-06-07 19:09:18 +00:00
|
|
|
@subsection Relationship between the two branches.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Here is a little picture showing how the components work together:
|
|
|
|
|
2006-06-20 17:47:10 +00:00
|
|
|
@image{gnupg-card-architecture, 10cm}
|
2005-06-07 19:09:18 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
|
|
Lets try to explain it:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TO BE DONE.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|