MeiliSearch/index-scheduler/src/index_mapper.rs
2023-02-23 11:23:39 +01:00

722 lines
28 KiB
Rust

use std::path::PathBuf;
use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
use std::time::Duration;
use std::{fs, thread};
use log::error;
use meilisearch_types::heed::types::Str;
use meilisearch_types::heed::{Database, Env, RoTxn, RwTxn};
use meilisearch_types::milli::update::IndexerConfig;
use meilisearch_types::milli::Index;
use time::OffsetDateTime;
use uuid::Uuid;
use self::index_map::IndexMap;
use self::IndexStatus::{Available, BeingDeleted, Closing, Missing};
use crate::uuid_codec::UuidCodec;
use crate::{Error, Result};
const INDEX_MAPPING: &str = "index-mapping";
/// Structure managing meilisearch's indexes.
///
/// It is responsible for:
/// 1. Creating new indexes
/// 2. Opening indexes and storing references to these opened indexes
/// 3. Accessing indexes through their uuid
/// 4. Mapping a user-defined name to each index uuid.
///
/// # Implementation notes
///
/// An index exists as 3 bits of data:
/// 1. The index data on disk, that can exist in 3 states: Missing, Present, or BeingDeleted.
/// 2. The persistent database containing the association between the index' name and its UUID,
/// that can exist in 2 states: Missing or Present.
/// 3. The state of the index in the in-memory `IndexMap`, that can exist in multiple states:
/// - Missing
/// - Available
/// - Closing (because an index needs resizing or was evicted from the cache)
/// - BeingDeleted
///
/// All of this data should be kept consistent between index operations, which is achieved by the `IndexMapper`
/// with the use of the following primitives:
/// - A RwLock on the `IndexMap`.
/// - Transactions on the association database.
/// - ClosingEvent signals emitted when closing an environment.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct IndexMapper {
/// Keep track of the opened indexes. Used mainly by the index resolver.
index_map: Arc<RwLock<IndexMap>>,
/// Map an index name with an index uuid currently available on disk.
pub(crate) index_mapping: Database<Str, UuidCodec>,
/// Path to the folder where the LMDB environments of each index are.
base_path: PathBuf,
/// The map size an index is opened with on the first time.
index_base_map_size: usize,
/// The quantity by which the map size of an index is incremented upon reopening, in bytes.
index_growth_amount: usize,
pub indexer_config: Arc<IndexerConfig>,
}
mod index_map {
/// the map size to use when we don't succeed in reading it in indexes.
const DEFAULT_MAP_SIZE: usize = 10 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024; // 10 GiB
use std::collections::BTreeMap;
use std::path::Path;
use std::time::Duration;
use meilisearch_types::heed::{EnvClosingEvent, EnvOpenOptions};
use meilisearch_types::milli::Index;
use time::OffsetDateTime;
use uuid::Uuid;
use super::IndexStatus::{self, Available, BeingDeleted, Closing, Missing};
use crate::lru::{InsertionOutcome, LruMap};
use crate::{clamp_to_page_size, Result};
/// Keep an internally consistent view of the open indexes in memory.
///
/// This view is made of an LRU cache that will evict the least frequently used indexes when new indexes are opened.
/// Indexes that are being closed (for resizing or due to cache eviction) or deleted cannot be evicted from the cache and
/// are stored separately.
///
/// This view provides operations to change the state of the index as it is known in memory:
/// open an index (making it available for queries), close an index (specifying the new size it should be opened with),
/// delete an index.
///
/// External consistency with the other bits of data of an index is provided by the `IndexMapper` parent structure.
pub struct IndexMap {
/// A LRU map of indexes that are in the open state and available for queries.
available: LruMap<Uuid, Index>,
/// A map of indexes that are not available for queries, either because they are being deleted
/// or because they are being closed.
///
/// If they are being deleted, the UUID points to `None`.
unavailable: BTreeMap<Uuid, Option<ClosingIndex>>,
/// A monotonically increasing generation number, used to differentiate between multiple successive index closing requests.
///
/// Because multiple readers could be waiting on an index to close, the following could theoretically happen:
///
/// 1. Multiple readers wait for the index closing to occur.
/// 2. One of them "wins the race", takes the lock and then removes the index that finished closing from the map.
/// 3. The index is reopened, but must be closed again (such as being resized again).
/// 4. One reader that "lost the race" in (2) wakes up and tries to take the lock and remove the index from the map.
///
/// In that situation, the index may or may not have finished closing. The `generation` field allows to remember which
/// closing request was made, so the reader that "lost the race" has the old generation and will need to wait again for the index
/// to close.
generation: usize,
}
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct ClosingIndex {
uuid: Uuid,
closing_event: EnvClosingEvent,
map_size: usize,
generation: usize,
}
impl ClosingIndex {
/// Waits for the index to be definitely closed.
///
/// To avoid blocking, users should relinquish their locks to the IndexMap before calling this function.
///
/// After the index is physically closed, the in memory map must still be updated to take this into account.
/// To do so, a `ReopenableIndex` is returned, that can be used to either definitely close or definitely open
/// the index without waiting anymore.
pub fn wait_timeout(self, timeout: Duration) -> Option<ReopenableIndex> {
self.closing_event.wait_timeout(timeout).then_some(ReopenableIndex {
uuid: self.uuid,
map_size: self.map_size,
generation: self.generation,
})
}
}
pub struct ReopenableIndex {
uuid: Uuid,
map_size: usize,
generation: usize,
}
impl ReopenableIndex {
/// Attempts to reopen the index, which can result in the index being reopened again or not
/// (e.g. if another thread already opened and closed the index again).
///
/// Use get again on the IndexMap to get the updated status.
///
/// Fails if the underlying index creation fails.
///
/// # Status table
///
/// | Previous Status | New Status |
/// |-----------------|------------|
/// | Missing | Missing |
/// | BeingDeleted | BeingDeleted |
/// | Closing | Available or Closing depending on generation |
/// | Available | Available |
///
pub fn reopen(self, map: &mut IndexMap, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
if let Closing(reopen) = map.get(&self.uuid) {
if reopen.generation != self.generation {
return Ok(());
}
map.unavailable.remove(&self.uuid);
map.create(&self.uuid, path, None, self.map_size)?;
}
Ok(())
}
/// Attempts to close the index, which may or may not result in the index being closed
/// (e.g. if another thread already reopened the index again).
///
/// Use get again on the IndexMap to get the updated status.
///
/// # Status table
///
/// | Previous Status | New Status |
/// |-----------------|------------|
/// | Missing | Missing |
/// | BeingDeleted | BeingDeleted |
/// | Closing | Missing or Closing depending on generation |
/// | Available | Available |
pub fn close(self, map: &mut IndexMap) {
if let Closing(reopen) = map.get(&self.uuid) {
if reopen.generation != self.generation {
return;
}
map.unavailable.remove(&self.uuid);
}
}
}
impl IndexMap {
pub fn new(cap: usize) -> IndexMap {
Self { unavailable: Default::default(), available: LruMap::new(cap), generation: 0 }
}
/// Gets the current status of an index in the map.
///
/// If the index is available it can be accessed from the returned status.
pub fn get(&self, uuid: &Uuid) -> IndexStatus {
self.available
.get(uuid)
.map(|index| Available(index.clone()))
.unwrap_or_else(|| self.get_unavailable(uuid))
}
fn get_unavailable(&self, uuid: &Uuid) -> IndexStatus {
match self.unavailable.get(uuid) {
Some(Some(reopen)) => Closing(reopen.clone()),
Some(None) => BeingDeleted,
None => Missing,
}
}
/// Attempts to create a new index that wasn't existing before.
///
/// # Status table
///
/// | Previous Status | New Status |
/// |-----------------|------------|
/// | Missing | Available |
/// | BeingDeleted | panics |
/// | Closing | panics |
/// | Available | panics |
///
pub fn create(
&mut self,
uuid: &Uuid,
path: &Path,
date: Option<(OffsetDateTime, OffsetDateTime)>,
map_size: usize,
) -> Result<Index> {
if !matches!(self.get_unavailable(uuid), Missing) {
panic!("Attempt to open an index that was unavailable");
}
let index = create_or_open_index(path, date, map_size)?;
match self.available.insert(*uuid, index.clone()) {
InsertionOutcome::InsertedNew => (),
InsertionOutcome::Evicted(evicted_uuid, evicted_index) => {
self.close(evicted_uuid, evicted_index, 0);
}
InsertionOutcome::Replaced(_) => {
panic!("Attempt to open an index that was already opened")
}
}
Ok(index)
}
/// Increases the current generation. See documentation for this field.
///
/// In the unlikely event that the 2^64 generations would have been exhausted, we simply wrap-around.
///
/// For this to cause an issue, one should be able to stop a reader in time after it got a `ReopenableIndex` and before it takes the lock
/// to remove it from the unavailable map, and keep the reader in this frozen state for 2^64 closing of other indexes.
///
/// This seems overwhelmingly impossible to achieve in practice.
fn next_generation(&mut self) -> usize {
self.generation = self.generation.wrapping_add(1);
self.generation
}
/// Attempts to close an index.
///
/// # Status table
///
/// | Previous Status | New Status |
/// |-----------------|------------|
/// | Missing | Missing |
/// | BeingDeleted | BeingDeleted |
/// | Closing | Closing |
/// | Available | Closing |
///
pub fn close_for_resize(&mut self, uuid: &Uuid, map_size_growth: usize) {
let Some(index) = self.available.remove(uuid) else { return; };
self.close(*uuid, index, map_size_growth);
}
fn close(&mut self, uuid: Uuid, index: Index, map_size_growth: usize) {
let map_size = index.map_size().unwrap_or(DEFAULT_MAP_SIZE) + map_size_growth;
let closing_event = index.prepare_for_closing();
let generation = self.next_generation();
self.unavailable
.insert(uuid, Some(ClosingIndex { uuid, closing_event, map_size, generation }));
}
/// Attempts to delete and index.
///
/// `end_deletion` must be called just after.
///
/// # Status table
///
/// | Previous Status | New Status | Return value |
/// |-----------------|------------|--------------|
/// | Missing | BeingDeleted | Ok(None) |
/// | BeingDeleted | BeingDeleted | Err(None) |
/// | Closing | Closing | Err(Some(reopen)) |
/// | Available | BeingDeleted | Ok(Some(env_closing_event)) |
pub fn start_deletion(
&mut self,
uuid: &Uuid,
) -> std::result::Result<Option<EnvClosingEvent>, Option<ClosingIndex>> {
if let Some(index) = self.available.remove(uuid) {
self.unavailable.insert(uuid, None);
return Ok(Some(index.prepare_for_closing()));
}
match self.unavailable.remove(uuid) {
Some(Some(reopen)) => Err(Some(reopen)),
Some(None) => Err(None),
None => Ok(None),
}
}
/// Marks that an index deletion finished.
///
/// Must be used after calling `start_deletion`.
///
/// # Status table
///
/// | Previous Status | New Status |
/// |-----------------|------------|
/// | Missing | Missing |
/// | BeingDeleted | Missing |
/// | Closing | panics |
/// | Available | panics |
pub fn end_deletion(&mut self, uuid: &Uuid) {
assert!(
self.available.get(uuid).is_none(),
"Attempt to finish deletion of an index that was not being deleted"
);
// Do not panic if the index was Missing or BeingDeleted
assert!(
!matches!(self.unavailable.remove(uuid), Some(Some(_))),
"Attempt to finish deletion of an index that was being closed"
);
}
}
/// Create or open an index in the specified path.
/// The path *must* exist or an error will be thrown.
fn create_or_open_index(
path: &Path,
date: Option<(OffsetDateTime, OffsetDateTime)>,
map_size: usize,
) -> Result<Index> {
let mut options = EnvOpenOptions::new();
options.map_size(clamp_to_page_size(map_size));
options.max_readers(1024);
if let Some((created, updated)) = date {
Ok(Index::new_with_creation_dates(options, path, created, updated)?)
} else {
Ok(Index::new(options, path)?)
}
}
/// Putting the tests of the LRU down there so we have access to the cache's private members
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use meilisearch_types::heed::Env;
use meilisearch_types::Index;
use uuid::Uuid;
use super::super::IndexMapper;
use crate::tests::IndexSchedulerHandle;
use crate::utils::clamp_to_page_size;
use crate::IndexScheduler;
impl IndexMapper {
fn test() -> (Self, Env, IndexSchedulerHandle) {
let (index_scheduler, handle) = IndexScheduler::test(true, vec![]);
(index_scheduler.index_mapper, index_scheduler.env, handle)
}
}
fn check_first_unavailable(mapper: &IndexMapper, expected_uuid: Uuid, is_closing: bool) {
let index_map = mapper.index_map.read().unwrap();
let (uuid, state) = index_map.unavailable.first_key_value().unwrap();
assert_eq!(uuid, &expected_uuid);
assert_eq!(state.is_some(), is_closing);
}
#[test]
fn evict_indexes() {
let (mapper, env, _handle) = IndexMapper::test();
let mut uuids = vec![];
// LRU cap + 1
for i in 0..(5 + 1) {
let index_name = format!("index-{i}");
let wtxn = env.write_txn().unwrap();
mapper.create_index(wtxn, &index_name, None).unwrap();
let txn = env.read_txn().unwrap();
uuids.push(mapper.index_mapping.get(&txn, &index_name).unwrap().unwrap());
}
// index-0 was evicted
check_first_unavailable(&mapper, uuids[0], true);
// get back the evicted index
let wtxn = env.write_txn().unwrap();
mapper.create_index(wtxn, "index-0", None).unwrap();
// Least recently used is now index-1
check_first_unavailable(&mapper, uuids[1], true);
}
#[test]
fn resize_index() {
let (mapper, env, _handle) = IndexMapper::test();
let index = mapper.create_index(env.write_txn().unwrap(), "index", None).unwrap();
assert_index_size(index, mapper.index_base_map_size);
mapper.resize_index(&env.read_txn().unwrap(), "index").unwrap();
let index = mapper.create_index(env.write_txn().unwrap(), "index", None).unwrap();
assert_index_size(index, mapper.index_base_map_size + mapper.index_growth_amount);
mapper.resize_index(&env.read_txn().unwrap(), "index").unwrap();
let index = mapper.create_index(env.write_txn().unwrap(), "index", None).unwrap();
assert_index_size(index, mapper.index_base_map_size + mapper.index_growth_amount * 2);
}
fn assert_index_size(index: Index, expected: usize) {
let expected = clamp_to_page_size(expected);
let index_map_size = index.map_size().unwrap();
assert_eq!(index_map_size, expected);
}
}
}
/// Whether the index is available for use or is forbidden to be inserted back in the index map
#[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[derive(Clone)]
pub enum IndexStatus {
/// Not currently in the index map.
Missing,
/// Do not insert it back in the index map as it is currently being deleted.
BeingDeleted,
/// Temporarily do not insert the index in the index map as it is currently being resized/evicted from the map.
Closing(index_map::ClosingIndex),
/// You can use the index without worrying about anything.
Available(Index),
}
impl IndexMapper {
pub fn new(
env: &Env,
base_path: PathBuf,
index_base_map_size: usize,
index_growth_amount: usize,
index_count: usize,
indexer_config: IndexerConfig,
) -> Result<Self> {
Ok(Self {
index_map: Arc::new(RwLock::new(IndexMap::new(index_count))),
index_mapping: env.create_database(Some(INDEX_MAPPING))?,
base_path,
index_base_map_size,
index_growth_amount,
indexer_config: Arc::new(indexer_config),
})
}
/// Get or create the index.
pub fn create_index(
&self,
mut wtxn: RwTxn,
name: &str,
date: Option<(OffsetDateTime, OffsetDateTime)>,
) -> Result<Index> {
match self.index(&wtxn, name) {
Ok(index) => {
wtxn.commit()?;
Ok(index)
}
Err(Error::IndexNotFound(_)) => {
let uuid = Uuid::new_v4();
self.index_mapping.put(&mut wtxn, name, &uuid)?;
let index_path = self.base_path.join(uuid.to_string());
fs::create_dir_all(&index_path)?;
// Error if the UUIDv4 somehow already exists in the map, since it should be fresh.
// This is very unlikely to happen in practice.
// TODO: it would be better to lazily create the index. But we need an Index::open function for milli.
let index = self.index_map.write().unwrap().create(
&uuid,
&index_path,
date,
self.index_base_map_size,
)?;
wtxn.commit()?;
Ok(index)
}
error => error,
}
}
/// Removes the index from the mapping table and the in-memory index map
/// but keeps the associated tasks.
pub fn delete_index(&self, mut wtxn: RwTxn, name: &str) -> Result<()> {
let uuid = self
.index_mapping
.get(&wtxn, name)?
.ok_or_else(|| Error::IndexNotFound(name.to_string()))?;
// Once we retrieved the UUID of the index we remove it from the mapping table.
assert!(self.index_mapping.delete(&mut wtxn, name)?);
wtxn.commit()?;
let mut tries = 0;
// Attempts to remove the index from the in-memory index map in a loop.
//
// If the index is currently being closed, we will wait for it to be closed and retry getting it in a subsequent
// loop iteration.
//
// We make 100 attempts before giving up.
// This could happen in the following situations:
//
// 1. There is a bug preventing the index from being correctly closed, or us from detecting this.
// 2. A user of the index is keeping it open for more than 600 seconds. This could happen e.g. during a pathological search.
// This can not be caused by indexation because deleting an index happens in the scheduler itself, so cannot be concurrent with indexation.
//
// In these situations, reporting the error through a panic is in order.
let closing_event = loop {
let mut lock = self.index_map.write().unwrap();
match lock.start_deletion(&uuid) {
Ok(env_closing) => break env_closing,
Err(Some(reopen)) => {
// drop the lock here so that we don't synchronously wait for the index to close.
drop(lock);
tries += 1;
if tries >= 100 {
panic!("Too many attempts to close index {name} prior to deletion.")
}
let reopen = if let Some(reopen) = reopen.wait_timeout(Duration::from_secs(6)) {
reopen
} else {
continue;
};
reopen.close(&mut self.index_map.write().unwrap());
continue;
}
Err(None) => return Ok(()),
}
};
let index_map = self.index_map.clone();
let index_path = self.base_path.join(uuid.to_string());
let index_name = name.to_string();
thread::Builder::new()
.name(String::from("index_deleter"))
.spawn(move || {
// We first wait to be sure that the previously opened index is effectively closed.
// This can take a lot of time, this is why we do that in a separate thread.
if let Some(closing_event) = closing_event {
closing_event.wait();
}
// Then we remove the content from disk.
if let Err(e) = fs::remove_dir_all(&index_path) {
error!(
"An error happened when deleting the index {} ({}): {}",
index_name, uuid, e
);
}
// Finally we remove the entry from the index map.
index_map.write().unwrap().end_deletion(&uuid);
})
.unwrap();
Ok(())
}
pub fn exists(&self, rtxn: &RoTxn, name: &str) -> Result<bool> {
Ok(self.index_mapping.get(rtxn, name)?.is_some())
}
/// Resizes the maximum size of the specified index to the double of its current maximum size.
///
/// This operation involves closing the underlying environment and so can take a long time to complete.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// - If the Index corresponding to the passed name is concurrently being deleted/resized or cannot be found in the
/// in memory hash map.
pub fn resize_index(&self, rtxn: &RoTxn, name: &str) -> Result<()> {
let uuid = self
.index_mapping
.get(rtxn, name)?
.ok_or_else(|| Error::IndexNotFound(name.to_string()))?;
// We remove the index from the in-memory index map.
self.index_map.write().unwrap().close_for_resize(&uuid, self.index_growth_amount);
Ok(())
}
/// Return an index, may open it if it wasn't already opened.
pub fn index(&self, rtxn: &RoTxn, name: &str) -> Result<Index> {
let uuid = self
.index_mapping
.get(rtxn, name)?
.ok_or_else(|| Error::IndexNotFound(name.to_string()))?;
let mut tries = 0;
// attempts to open the index in a loop.
//
// If the index is currently being closed, we will wait for it to be closed and retry getting it in a subsequent
// loop iteration.
//
// We make 100 attempts before giving up.
// This could happen in the following situations:
//
// 1. There is a bug preventing the index from being correctly closed, or us from detecting it was.
// 2. A user of the index is keeping it open for more than 600 seconds. This could happen e.g. during a long indexation,
// a pathological search, and so on.
//
// In these situations, reporting the error through a panic is in order.
let index = loop {
tries += 1;
if tries > 100 {
panic!("Too many spurious wake ups while trying to open the index {name}");
}
// we get the index here to drop the lock before entering the match
let index = self.index_map.read().unwrap().get(&uuid);
match index {
Available(index) => break index,
Closing(reopen) => {
// Avoiding deadlocks: no lock taken while doing this operation.
let reopen = if let Some(reopen) = reopen.wait_timeout(Duration::from_secs(6)) {
reopen
} else {
continue;
};
let index_path = self.base_path.join(uuid.to_string());
// take the lock to reopen the environment.
reopen.reopen(&mut self.index_map.write().unwrap(), &index_path)?;
continue;
}
BeingDeleted => return Err(Error::IndexNotFound(name.to_string())),
// since we're lazy, it's possible that the index has not been opened yet.
Missing => {
let mut index_map = self.index_map.write().unwrap();
// between the read lock and the write lock it's not impossible
// that someone already opened the index (eg if two searches happen
// at the same time), thus before opening it we check a second time
// if it's not already there.
match index_map.get(&uuid) {
Missing => {
let index_path = self.base_path.join(uuid.to_string());
break index_map.create(
&uuid,
&index_path,
None,
self.index_base_map_size,
)?;
}
Available(index) => break index,
Closing(_) => {
// the reopening will be handled in the next loop operation
continue;
}
BeingDeleted => return Err(Error::IndexNotFound(name.to_string())),
}
}
}
};
Ok(index)
}
/// Return all indexes, may open them if they weren't already opened.
pub fn indexes(&self, rtxn: &RoTxn) -> Result<Vec<(String, Index)>> {
self.index_mapping
.iter(rtxn)?
.map(|ret| {
ret.map_err(Error::from).and_then(|(name, _)| {
self.index(rtxn, name).map(|index| (name.to_string(), index))
})
})
.collect()
}
/// Swap two index names.
pub fn swap(&self, wtxn: &mut RwTxn, lhs: &str, rhs: &str) -> Result<()> {
let lhs_uuid = self
.index_mapping
.get(wtxn, lhs)?
.ok_or_else(|| Error::IndexNotFound(lhs.to_string()))?;
let rhs_uuid = self
.index_mapping
.get(wtxn, rhs)?
.ok_or_else(|| Error::IndexNotFound(rhs.to_string()))?;
self.index_mapping.put(wtxn, lhs, &rhs_uuid)?;
self.index_mapping.put(wtxn, rhs, &lhs_uuid)?;
Ok(())
}
pub fn index_exists(&self, rtxn: &RoTxn, name: &str) -> Result<bool> {
Ok(self.index_mapping.get(rtxn, name)?.is_some())
}
pub fn indexer_config(&self) -> &IndexerConfig {
&self.indexer_config
}
}