modern-cmake/chapters/intro/newcmake.md

# What's new in in CMake


This is an abbreviated version of the CMake changlog with just the highlights for authors. Names for each release are arbitrarily picked by the author.

## [CMake 3.0][] : Interface libraries

There were a ton of additions to this version of CMake, primarily to fill out the target interface. Some bits of needed functionality were missed and implemented in CMake 3.1 instead.

* Initially released [June 10, 2014](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-0-0-available-for-download/)
* New documentation
* INTERFACE libraries
* Project VERSION support
* Exporting build trees easily
* Bracket arguments and comments available (not widely used)
* Lots of improvements

## [CMake 3.1][] : C++11 and compile features

This is the first release of CMake to support C++11. Combined with fixes to the new features of CMake 3.0, this is currently a common minimum version of CMake for libraries that want to support old CMake builds.

* Initially released [December 17, 2014](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-1-0-released/)
* C++11 Support
* Compile features support
* Sources can be added later with `target_sources`
* Better support for generator expressions and INTERFACE targets

## [CMake 3.2][] : UTF8

This is a smaller release, with mostly small features and fixes. Internal changes, like better Windows and UTF8 support, were the focus.

* Initially released [March 11, 2015](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-2-1-released/)
* `continue()` inside loops
* File and directory locks added

## [CMake 3.3][] : if IN_LIST

This is notable for the useful `IN_LIST` option for if, but it also added better library search using `$PATH` (See CMake 3.6), dependencies for INTERFACE libraries, and several other useful improvements. The addition of a `COMPILE_LANGUAGE` generator expression would prove very useful in the future as more languages are added. Makefiles now produce better output in parallel.

* Initially released [July 23, 2015](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-3-0-released/)
* `IN_LIST` added to `if`
* `*_INCLUDE_WHAT_YOU_USE` property added
* `COMPILE_LANGUAGE` generator expression (limited support in some generators)

## [CMake 3.4][] : Swift & CCache

This release adds lots of useful tools, support for the Swift language, and the usual improvements. It also started supporting compiler launchers, like CCache.

* Initially released [November 12, 2015](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-4-0-released/)
* Added `Swift` language
* Added `BASE_DIR` to `get_filename_component`
* `if(TEST ...)` added
* `string(APPEND ...)` added
* `CMAKE_*_COMPILER_LAUNCHER` added for make and ninja
* `TARGET_MESSAGES` allow makefiles to print messages after target is completed
* Imported targets are beginning to show up in the official `Find*.cmake` files

## [CMake 3.5][] : ARM

This release expanded CMake to more platforms, and make warnings easier to control from the command line.

* Initially released [March 8, 2016](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-5-0-available-for-download/)
* Multiple input files supported for several of the `cmake -E` commands.
* `cmake_parse_arguments` now builtin
* Boost, GTest, and more now support imported targets
* ARMCC now supported, better support for iOS
* XCode backslash fix

## [CMake 3.6][] : Clang-Tidy

This release added Clang-Tidy support, along with more utilities and improvements. It also removed the search of `$PATH` on Unix systems due to problems, instead users should use `$CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH`.

* Initially released [July 7, 2016](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-6-0-available-for-download/)
* `EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL` for install
* `list(FILTER` added
* `CMAKE_*_STANDARD_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES` and `CMAKE_*_STANDARD_LIBRARIES` added for toolchains
* Try-compile improvements
* `*_CLANG_TIDY` property added
* External projects can now be shallow clones, and other improvements


## [CMake 3.7][] : Android & CMake Server

You can now cross-compile to Android. Useful new if statement options really help clarify code. And the new server mode was supposed to improve integration with IDEs (but is being replaced by a different system in CMake 3.14+). Support for the VIM editor was also improved.

* Initially released [November 11, 2016](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-7-0-available-for-download/)
* `PARSE_ARGV` mode for `cmake_parse_arguments`
* Better 32-bit support on 64-bit machines
* Lots of useful new if comparisons, like `VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL` (really, why did it take this long?)
* `LINK_WHAT_YOU_USE` added
* Lots of custom properties related to files and directories
* CMake Server added
* Added `--trace-source="filename"` to monitor certain files only


## [CMake 3.8][] : C# & CUDA

This adds CUDA as a language, as well as `cxx_std_11` as a compiler meta-feature. The new generator expression could be really useful if you can require CMake 3.8+!

* Initially released [April 10, 2017](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-8-0-available-for-download/)
* Native support for C# as a language
* Native support for CUDA as a language
* Meta features cxx_std_11 (and 14, 17) added
* `try_compile` has better language support
* `BUILD_RPATH` property added
* `COMPILE_FLAGS` now supports generator expression
* `*_CPPLINT` added
* `$<IF:cond,true-value,false-value>` added (wow!)
* `source_group(TREE` added (finally allowing IDEs to reflect the project folder structure!)

## [CMake 3.9][] : IPO

Lots of fixes to CUDA support went into this release, including `PTX` support and MSVC generators. Interprocedural Optimizations are now supported properly.
Even more modules provide imported targets, including MPI.

* Initially released [July 18, 2017](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-9-0-available-for-download/)
* CUDA supported for Windows
* Better object library support in several situations
* `DESCRIPTION` added to `project`
* `separate_arguments` gets `NATIVE_COMMAND`
* `INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION` enforced (and `CMAKE_*` initializer added, CheckIPOSupported added, Clang and GCC support)
* New `GoogleTest` module
* `FindDoxygen` drastically improved


## [CMake 3.10][] : CppCheck

CMake now is built with C++11 compilers. Lots of useful improvements help write cleaner code.

* Initially released [November 20, 2017](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-10-0-available-for-download/)
* Support for flang Fortran compiler
* Compiler launcher added to CUDA
* Indented `#cmakedefines` now supported for `configure_file`
* `include_guard()` added to ensure a file gets included only once
* `string(PREPEND` added
* `*_CPPCHECK` property added
* `LABELS` added to directories
* FindMPI vastly expanded
* FindOpenMP improved
* Dynamic test discovery for `GoogleTest`

## [CMake 3.11][] : Faster & IMPORTED INTERFACE

This release is [supposed to be][fastercmake] much faster. You can also finally directly add INTERFACE targets
to IMPORTED libraries (the internal `Find*.cmake` scripts should become much cleaner eventually).

* Initially released [March 28, 2018](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-11-0-available-for-download/)
* Fortran supports compiler launchers
* Xcode and Visual Studio support `COMPILE_LANGUAGE` generator expressions finally
* You can now add INTERFACE targets directly to IMPORTED INTERFACE libraries (Wow!)
* Source file properties have been expanded
* `FetchContent` module now allows downloads to happen at configure time (Wow)

## [CMake 3.12][] : Version ranges and CONFIGURE_DEPENDS

Very powerful release, containing lots of smaller long-requested features. One of the smaller
but immediately noticeable changes is the addition of version ranges;
you can now set both the minimum and maximum known CMake version easily. You can also set
`CONFIGURE_DEPENDS` on a `GLOB`ed set of files, and the build system will check those files and
rerun if needed! You can use the general `PackageName_ROOT`
for all `find_package` searches. Lots of additions to strings and lists, module updates,
shiny new Python find module (2 and 3 versions too), and many more.

* Initially released [July 17, 2018](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-12-0-available-for-download/)
* Support for `cmake_minimum_required` ranges (backward compatible)
* Support for `-j,--parallel` in `--build` mode (passed on to build tool)
* Support for `SHELL:` strings in compile options (not deduplicated)
* New FindPython module
* `string(JOIN` and `list(JOIN`, and `list(TRANSFORM`
* `file(TOUCH` and `file(GLOB CONFIGURE_DEPENDS`
* C++20 support
* CUDA as a language improvements: CUDA 7 and 7.5 now supported
* Support for OpenMP on macOS (command line only)
* Several new properties and property initializers
* CPack finally reads `CMAKE_PROJECT_VERSION` variables

## [CMake 3.13][] : Linking control

You can now make symbolic links on Windows! Lots of new functions that fill out the
popular requests for CMake, such as `add_link_options`, `target_link_directories`, and
`target_link_options`. You can now do quite a bit more modification to targets outside
of the source directory, for better file separation. And, `target_sources` *finally* handles relative paths properly (policy 76).

* Initially released [November 20, 2018](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-13-0-available-for-download/)
* New `ctest --progress` option for live output
* `target_link_options` and `add_link_options` added
* `target_link_directories` added
* Symbolic link creation, `-E create_symlink`, supported on Windows
* IPO supported on Windows
* You can use `-S` and `-B` for source and build directories
* `target_link_libraries` and `install` work outside the current target directory
* `STATIC_LIBRARY_OPTIONS` property added
* `target_sources` is now relative to the current source directory (CMP0076)
* If you use Xcode, you now can experimentally set schema fields

## [CMake 3.14][] : File utilities (AKA [CMake π](https://blog.kitware.com/kitware-gets-mathematical-with-cmake-π-on-pi-day/))

This release has lots of small cleanups, including several utilities for files. Generator expressions work in a few more places, and list handling is better with empty variables.
Quite a few more find packages produce targets. The new Visual Studio 16 2019 generator is a bit different than older versions. Windows XP and Vista support has been dropped.

* Initially released [March 14, 2019](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-14-0-available-for-download/)
* The cmake `--build` command gained `-v/--verbose`, to use verbose builds if your build tool supports it
* The FILE command gained `CREATE_LINK`, `READ_SYMLINK`, and `SIZE`
* «command:get_filename_component» gained `LAST_EXT` and `NAME_WLE` to access just the *last* extension on a file, which would get `.zip` on a file such as `version.1.2.zip` (very handy!)
* You can see if a variable is defined in the CACHE with `DEFINED CACHE{VAR}` in an «command:if» statement.
* `BUILD_RPATH_USE_ORIGIN` and CMake version were added to improve handling of RPath in the build directory.
* The CMake server mode is now being replaced with a file API, starting in this release. Will affect IDEs in the long run.

## [CMake 3.15][] : CLI upgrade

This release has many smaller polishing changes, include several of improvements to the CMake command line, such as control over the default generator through environment variables (so now it's easy to change the default generator to Ninja). Multiple targets are supported in `--build` mode, and `--install` mode added. CMake finally supports multiple levels of logging. Generator expressions gained a few handy tools. The still very new FindPython module continues to improve, and FindBoost is now more inline with Boost 1.70's new CONFIG
module. `export(PACKAGE)` has drastically changed; it now no longer touches `$HOME/.cmake` by default (if CMake Minimum version is 3.15 or higher), and requires an extra step if a user wants to use it. This is generally less surprising.

* Initially released [July 17, 2019](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-15-0-available-for-download/)
* «envvar:CMAKE_GENERATOR» environment variable added to control default generator
* Multiple target support in build mode, `cmake . --build --target a b`
* Shortcut `-t` for `--target`
* Install support, `cmake . --install`, does not invoke the build system
* Support for `--loglevel` and `NOTICE`, `VERBOSE`, `DEBUG`, and `TRACE` for `message`
* The «command:list» command gained `PREPEND`, `POP_FRONT`, and `POP_BACK`
* «command:execute_process» gained `COMMAND_ECHO` option («variable:CMAKE_EXECUTE_PROCESS_COMMAND_ECHO») allows you to automatically echo commands before running them
* Several Ninja improvements, include SWIFT language support
* Compiler and list improvements to generator expressions

## [CMake 3.16][] : Unity builds

A new unity build mode was added, allowing source files to be merged into a single build file. Support for
precompiled headers (possibly preparing for C++20 modules, perhaps?) was added. Lots of other smaller
fixes were implemented, especially to newer features, such as to FindPython, FindDoxygen, and others.

* Initially released [November 26, 2019](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-16-0-available-for-download/)
* Added support for Objective C and Objective C++ languages
* Support for precompiling headers, with `target_precompile_headers`
* Support for "Unity" or "Jumbo" builds (merging source files) with «variable:CMAKE_UNITY_BUILD»
* CTest: Can now skip based on regex, expand lists
* Several new features to control RPath.
* Generator expressions work in more places, like build and install paths
* Find locations can now be explicitly controlled through new variables

## [CMake 3.17][] : More CUDA

A FindCUDAToolkit was finally added, which allows finding and using the CUDA
toolkit without enabling the CUDA language! CUDA now is a bit more configurable,
such as linking to shared libraries. Quite a bit more polish in the expected areas,
as well, like FindPython. Finally, you can now iterate over multiple lists at a time.

* Initially released [March 20, 2020](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-17-0-available-for-download/)
* `CUDA_RUNTIME_LIBRARY` can finally be set to Shared!
* FindCUDAToolkit finally added
* `cmake -E rm` replaces older remove commands
* CUDA has meta features like `cuda_std_03`, etc.
* You can track the searches for packages with `--debug-find`
* ExternalProject can now disable recursive checkouts
* FindPython better integration with Conda
* DEPRECATION can be applied to targets
* CMake gained a rm command
* Several new environment variables
* foreach can now do `ZIP_LISTS` (multiple lists at a time)

## [CMake 3.18][] : CUDA with Clang & CMake macro language

CUDA now supports Clang (without separable compilation). A new
`CUDA_ARCHITECTURES` property was implemented to better support targeting CUDA
hardware. A new `cmake_language` command supports calling cmake commands and
expressions from strings. Lots of other meta changes that could make new
designs available; calling functions by variable, evaluating arbitrary CMake by
string, and configure files directly from strings. Many other nice tiny
features and papercut fixes are sprinkled throughout, a small selection is below.

* Initially released [July 15, 2020](https://blog.kitware.com/cmake-3-18-0-available-for-download/)
* `cmake` can `cat` files together now
* New profiling mode for `cmake`
* `cmake_language` with `CALL` and `EVAL`
* `export` requires `APPEND` if used multiple times (in CMake language level 3.18+)
* You can archive directly from `file()`
* `file(CONFIGURE` is a nicer from of `configure_file` if you already have a string to produce
* Other `find_*` commands gain `find_package`'s `REQUIRED` flag
* `NATURAL` sorting in `list(SORT` added
* More options for handling properties with DIRECTORY scope
* `CUDA_ARCHITECTURES` was added
* New `LINK_LANGUAGE` generator expressions (`DEVICE`/`HOST` versions too)
* Source can be a subdirectory for `FetchContent`


## [CMake 3.19][] : Presets

You can now add presets in JSON form, and users will get the preset default.
`find_package` can now take a version range, and some specialty find modules,
like FindPython, have custom support for it.  A lot of new controls were added
for permissions. Further support for generator expressions in more places.

* New [CMake presets files](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake-presets.7.html) now supported - you can set defaults for your project per generator, or you can make User presets. PSA: Please add `CMakeUserPresets.json` to your `.gitignore`, even if you do not use `CMakePresets.json`.
* CMake now uses the new build system introduced in XCode 12+
* MSVC for Android now supported
* `cmake -E create_hardlink` was added
* `add_test` finally properly supports whitespace in test names
* You can now `DEFER` `cmake_language` to run at the end of the directory processing
* Lots of new `file` options, like temporary downloads and `COMPRESSION_LEVEL` for `ARCHIVE_CREATE`
* `find_package` supports a version range
* `DIRECTORY` can now include a binary directory in property commands
* New `JSON` commands for `string`
* New `OPTIMIZE_DEPENDENCIES` property and `CMAKE_*` variable for smartly dropping dependencies of static and object libraries.
* PCH support expanded with `PCH_INSTANTIATE_TEMPLATES` property and `CMAKE_*` variable. 
* Check modules have been expanded with `CUDA` and `ISPC` languages
* FindPython: `Python*_LINK_OPTIONS` added
* `compute-sanitizer` for ctest now supports CUDA for memcheck

## [CMake 3.20][] : Docs

The CMake docs received a major boost in productivity by adding "new in" tags
to quickly see what was added without having to toggle documentation versions!
C++ 23 support added. Source files must have the extension listed now, and
LANGUAGE is always respected. Quite a bit of cleanup was done; make sure your
code is tested with `...3.20` before deploying that as your maximum. Presets
continue to be improved.

* Support added for C++23
* CUDAARCHS environment variable for setting CUDA architectures
* The new `IntelLLVM` compilers are now supported (OneAPI 2021.1), and `NVHPC` NVIDIA HPC SDK, as well
* Some expanded generator expression support in custom commands/targets, install renaming
* New `cmake_path` command for working with paths
* `try_run` now has a `WORKING_DIRECTORY`
* More features for the `file(GENERATE` command
* Several removals, like `cmake-server`, `WriteCompilerDetectionHeader` (if policy set to 3.20+), and a few things that have newer methods now.
* Source files must include the extension


## [CMake 3.21][] : Colors

Different message types now have different colors! There's now a nice variable
to see if you are in the top level project. Lots of continued cleanup and
specialized new features, such as adding the HIP language and C17 and C23
support. Presets continue to be improved.

* Preliminary support for MSVC 2022
* `CMAKE_<LANG_LINKER_LAUNCHER` added for make and ninja
* HIP added as a language
* C17 and C23 support added
* `--instal-prefix <dir>` and `--toolchain <file>` added when running CMake
* Messages printed are colored by message type!
* Support for MSYS, including `FindMsys`
* The `file(` command got several updates, including `EXPAND_TILDE`
* Support for runtime dependencies and artifacts added to `install`
* `PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL` and `<PROJECT-NAME>_IS_TOP_LEVEL` finally added
* Caching improvements for the `find_` commands





[Releases]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/index.html
[CMake 3.0]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.0.html
[CMake 3.1]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.1.html
[CMake 3.2]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.2.html
[CMake 3.3]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.3.html
[CMake 3.4]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.4.html
[CMake 3.5]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.5.html
[CMake 3.6]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.6.html
[CMake 3.7]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.7.html
[CMake 3.8]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.8.html
[CMake 3.9]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.9.html
[CMake 3.10]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.10.html
[CMake 3.11]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.11.html
[CMake 3.12]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.12.html
[CMake 3.13]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.13.html
[CMake 3.14]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.14.html
[CMake 3.15]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.15.html
[CMake 3.16]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.16.html
[CMake 3.17]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.17.html
[CMake 3.18]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.18.html
[CMake 3.19]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.19.html
[CMake 3.20]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.20.html
[CMake 3.21]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.21.html
[CMake master]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/git-master/release/index.html
[fastercmake]: https://blog.kitware.com/improving-cmakes-runtime-performance/