mirror of
git://git.gnupg.org/gnupg.git
synced 2024-11-05 20:48:52 +01:00
f952fe8c6d
* configure.ac: Added --enable-large-secmem option.
* g10/options.h: Add opt.flags.large_rsa.
* g10/gpg.c: Contingent on configure option: adjust secmem size,
add gpg --enable-large-rsa, bound to opt.flags.large_rsa.
* g10/keygen.c: Adjust max RSA size based on opt.flags.large_rsa
* doc/gpg.texi: Document --enable-large-rsa.
--
This is a cherry-pick of 534e2876ac from
STABLE-BRANCH-1-4 against STABLE-BRANCH-2-0
Some older implementations built and used RSA keys up to 16Kib, but
the larger secret keys now fail when used by more recent GnuPG, due to
secure memory limitations.
Building with ./configure --enable-large-secmem will make gpg
capable of working with those secret keys, as well as permitting the
use of a new gpg option --enable-large-rsa, which let gpg generate RSA
keys up to 8Kib when used with --batch --gen-key.
Debian-bug-id: 739424
Minor edits by wk.
GnuPG-bug-id: 1732
3561 lines
132 KiB
Plaintext
3561 lines
132 KiB
Plaintext
@c Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007,
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@c 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@c This is part of the GnuPG manual.
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@c For copying conditions, see the file gnupg.texi.
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@c Note that we use this texinfo file for all versions of GnuPG: 1.4.x,
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@c 2.0 and 2.1. The macro "gpgone" controls parts which are only valid
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@c for GnuPG 1.4, the macro "gpgtwoone" controls parts which are only
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@c valid for GnupG 2.1 and later.
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@node Invoking GPG
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@chapter Invoking GPG
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@cindex GPG command options
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@cindex command options
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@cindex options, GPG command
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@c Begin GnuPG 1.x specific stuff
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@ifset gpgone
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@macro gpgname
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gpg
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@end macro
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@manpage gpg.1
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@ifset manverb
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.B gpg
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\- OpenPGP encryption and signing tool
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@end ifset
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@mansect synopsis
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@ifset manverb
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.B gpg
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.RB [ \-\-homedir
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.IR dir ]
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.RB [ \-\-options
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.IR file ]
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.RI [ options ]
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.I command
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.RI [ args ]
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@end ifset
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@end ifset
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@c End GnuPG 1.x specific stuff
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@c Begin GnuPG 2 specific stuff
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@ifclear gpgone
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@macro gpgname
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gpg2
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@end macro
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@manpage gpg2.1
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@ifset manverb
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.B gpg2
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\- OpenPGP encryption and signing tool
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@end ifset
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@mansect synopsis
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@ifset manverb
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.B gpg2
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.RB [ \-\-homedir
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.IR dir ]
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.RB [ \-\-options
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.IR file ]
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.RI [ options ]
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.I command
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.RI [ args ]
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@end ifset
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@end ifclear
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@c Begin GnuPG 2 specific stuff
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@mansect description
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@command{@gpgname} is the OpenPGP part of the GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG). It
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is a tool to provide digital encryption and signing services using the
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OpenPGP standard. @command{@gpgname} features complete key management and
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all bells and whistles you can expect from a decent OpenPGP
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implementation.
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@ifset gpgone
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This is the standalone version of @command{gpg}. For desktop use you
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should consider using @command{gpg2} @footnote{On some platforms gpg2 is
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installed under the name @command{gpg}}.
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@end ifset
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@ifclear gpgone
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In contrast to the standalone version @command{gpg}, which is more
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suited for server and embedded platforms, this version is commonly
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installed under the name @command{gpg2} and more targeted to the desktop
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as it requires several other modules to be installed. The standalone
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version will be kept maintained and it is possible to install both
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versions on the same system. If you need to use different configuration
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files, you should make use of something like @file{gpg.conf-2} instead
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of just @file{gpg.conf}.
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@end ifclear
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@manpause
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@ifclear gpgone
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Documentation for the old standard @command{gpg} is available as a man
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page and at @inforef{Top,GnuPG 1,gpg}.
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@end ifclear
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@xref{Option Index}, for an index to @command{@gpgname}'s commands and options.
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@mancont
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@menu
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* GPG Commands:: List of all commands.
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* GPG Options:: List of all options.
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* GPG Configuration:: Configuration files.
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* GPG Examples:: Some usage examples.
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Developer information:
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* Unattended Usage of GPG:: Using @command{gpg} from other programs.
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@end menu
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@c * GPG Protocol:: The protocol the server mode uses.
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@c *******************************************
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@c *************** ****************
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@c *************** COMMANDS ****************
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@c *************** ****************
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@c *******************************************
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@mansect commands
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@node GPG Commands
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@section Commands
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Commands are not distinguished from options except for the fact that
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only one command is allowed.
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@command{@gpgname} may be run with no commands, in which case it will
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perform a reasonable action depending on the type of file it is given
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as input (an encrypted message is decrypted, a signature is verified,
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a file containing keys is listed).
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Please remember that option as well as command parsing stops as soon as
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a non-option is encountered, you can explicitly stop parsing by
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using the special option @option{--}.
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@menu
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* General GPG Commands:: Commands not specific to the functionality.
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* Operational GPG Commands:: Commands to select the type of operation.
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* OpenPGP Key Management:: How to manage your keys.
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@end menu
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@c *******************************************
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@c ********** GENERAL COMMANDS *************
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@c *******************************************
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@node General GPG Commands
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@subsection Commands not specific to the function
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@table @gnupgtabopt
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@item --version
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@opindex version
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Print the program version and licensing information. Note that you
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cannot abbreviate this command.
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@item --help
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@itemx -h
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@opindex help
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Print a usage message summarizing the most useful command line options.
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Note that you cannot abbreviate this command.
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@item --warranty
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@opindex warranty
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Print warranty information.
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@item --dump-options
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@opindex dump-options
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Print a list of all available options and commands. Note that you cannot
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abbreviate this command.
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@end table
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@c *******************************************
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@c ******** OPERATIONAL COMMANDS ***********
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@c *******************************************
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@node Operational GPG Commands
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@subsection Commands to select the type of operation
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@table @gnupgtabopt
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@item --sign
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@itemx -s
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@opindex sign
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Make a signature. This command may be combined with @option{--encrypt}
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(for a signed and encrypted message), @option{--symmetric} (for a
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signed and symmetrically encrypted message), or @option{--encrypt} and
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@option{--symmetric} together (for a signed message that may be
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decrypted via a secret key or a passphrase). The key to be used for
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signing is chosen by default or can be set with the
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@option{--local-user} and @option{--default-key} options.
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@item --clearsign
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@opindex clearsign
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Make a clear text signature. The content in a clear text signature is
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readable without any special software. OpenPGP software is only needed
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to verify the signature. Clear text signatures may modify end-of-line
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whitespace for platform independence and are not intended to be
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reversible. The key to be used for signing is chosen by default or
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can be set with the @option{--local-user} and @option{--default-key}
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options.
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@item --detach-sign
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@itemx -b
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@opindex detach-sign
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Make a detached signature.
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@item --encrypt
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@itemx -e
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@opindex encrypt
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Encrypt data. This option may be combined with @option{--sign} (for a
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signed and encrypted message), @option{--symmetric} (for a message that
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may be decrypted via a secret key or a passphrase), or @option{--sign}
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and @option{--symmetric} together (for a signed message that may be
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decrypted via a secret key or a passphrase).
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@item --symmetric
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@itemx -c
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@opindex symmetric
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Encrypt with a symmetric cipher using a passphrase. The default
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symmetric cipher used is CAST5, but may be chosen with the
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@option{--cipher-algo} option. This option may be combined with
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@option{--sign} (for a signed and symmetrically encrypted message),
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@option{--encrypt} (for a message that may be decrypted via a secret key
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or a passphrase), or @option{--sign} and @option{--encrypt} together
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(for a signed message that may be decrypted via a secret key or a
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passphrase).
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@item --store
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@opindex store
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Store only (make a simple RFC1991 literal data packet).
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@item --decrypt
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@itemx -d
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@opindex decrypt
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Decrypt the file given on the command line (or STDIN if no file
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is specified) and write it to STDOUT (or the file specified with
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@option{--output}). If the decrypted file is signed, the signature is also
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verified. This command differs from the default operation, as it never
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writes to the filename which is included in the file and it rejects
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files which don't begin with an encrypted message.
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@item --verify
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@opindex verify
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Assume that the first argument is a signed file or a detached signature
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and verify it without generating any output. With no arguments, the
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signature packet is read from STDIN. If only a sigfile is given, it may
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be a complete signature or a detached signature, in which case the
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signed stuff is expected in a file without the ".sig" or ".asc"
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extension. With more than 1 argument, the first should be a detached
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signature and the remaining files are the signed stuff. To read the
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signed stuff from STDIN, use @samp{-} as the second filename. For
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security reasons a detached signature cannot read the signed material
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from STDIN without denoting it in the above way.
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Note: When verifying a cleartext signature, @command{gpg} verifies
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only what makes up the cleartext signed data and not any extra data
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outside of the cleartext signature or header lines following directly
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the dash marker line. The option @code{--output} may be used to write
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out the actual signed data; but there are other pitfalls with this
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format as well. It is suggested to avoid cleartext signatures in
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favor of detached signatures.
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@item --multifile
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@opindex multifile
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This modifies certain other commands to accept multiple files for
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processing on the command line or read from STDIN with each filename on
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a separate line. This allows for many files to be processed at
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once. @option{--multifile} may currently be used along with
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@option{--verify}, @option{--encrypt}, and @option{--decrypt}. Note that
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@option{--multifile --verify} may not be used with detached signatures.
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@item --verify-files
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@opindex verify-files
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Identical to @option{--multifile --verify}.
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@item --encrypt-files
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@opindex encrypt-files
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Identical to @option{--multifile --encrypt}.
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@item --decrypt-files
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@opindex decrypt-files
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Identical to @option{--multifile --decrypt}.
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@item --list-keys
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@itemx -k
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@itemx --list-public-keys
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@opindex list-keys
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List all keys from the public keyrings, or just the keys given on the
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command line.
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@ifset gpgone
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@option{-k} is slightly different from @option{--list-keys} in that it
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allows only for one argument and takes the second argument as the
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keyring to search. This is for command line compatibility with PGP 2
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and has been removed in @command{gpg2}.
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@end ifset
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Avoid using the output of this command in scripts or other programs as
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it is likely to change as GnuPG changes. See @option{--with-colons} for a
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machine-parseable key listing command that is appropriate for use in
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scripts and other programs.
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@item --list-secret-keys
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@itemx -K
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@opindex list-secret-keys
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List all keys from the secret keyrings, or just the ones given on the
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command line. A @code{#} after the letters @code{sec} means that the
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secret key is not usable (for example, if it was created via
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@option{--export-secret-subkeys}).
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@item --list-sigs
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@opindex list-sigs
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Same as @option{--list-keys}, but the signatures are listed too.
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@ifclear gpgone
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This command has the same effect as
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using @option{--list-keys} with @option{--with-sig-list}.
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@end ifclear
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For each signature listed, there are several flags in between the "sig"
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tag and keyid. These flags give additional information about each
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signature. From left to right, they are the numbers 1-3 for certificate
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check level (see @option{--ask-cert-level}), "L" for a local or
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non-exportable signature (see @option{--lsign-key}), "R" for a
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nonRevocable signature (see the @option{--edit-key} command "nrsign"),
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"P" for a signature that contains a policy URL (see
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@option{--cert-policy-url}), "N" for a signature that contains a
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notation (see @option{--cert-notation}), "X" for an eXpired signature
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(see @option{--ask-cert-expire}), and the numbers 1-9 or "T" for 10 and
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above to indicate trust signature levels (see the @option{--edit-key}
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command "tsign").
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@item --check-sigs
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@opindex check-sigs
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Same as @option{--list-sigs}, but the signatures are verified. Note
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that for performance reasons the revocation status of a signing key is
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not shown.
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@ifclear gpgone
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This command has the same effect as
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using @option{--list-keys} with @option{--with-sig-check}.
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@end ifclear
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The status of the verification is indicated by a flag directly following
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the "sig" tag (and thus before the flags described above for
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@option{--list-sigs}). A "!" indicates that the signature has been
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successfully verified, a "-" denotes a bad signature and a "%" is used
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if an error occurred while checking the signature (e.g. a non supported
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algorithm).
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@ifclear gpgone
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@item --locate-keys
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@opindex locate-keys
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Locate the keys given as arguments. This command basically uses the
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same algorithm as used when locating keys for encryption or signing and
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may thus be used to see what keys @command{@gpgname} might use. In
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particular external methods as defined by @option{--auto-key-locate} may
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be used to locate a key. Only public keys are listed.
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@end ifclear
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@item --fingerprint
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@opindex fingerprint
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List all keys (or the specified ones) along with their
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fingerprints. This is the same output as @option{--list-keys} but with
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the additional output of a line with the fingerprint. May also be
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combined with @option{--list-sigs} or @option{--check-sigs}. If this
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command is given twice, the fingerprints of all secondary keys are
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listed too.
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@item --list-packets
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@opindex list-packets
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List only the sequence of packets. This is mainly
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useful for debugging.
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@item --card-edit
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@opindex card-edit
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Present a menu to work with a smartcard. The subcommand "help" provides
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an overview on available commands. For a detailed description, please
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see the Card HOWTO at
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http://www.gnupg.org/documentation/howtos.html#GnuPG-cardHOWTO .
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@item --card-status
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@opindex card-status
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Show the content of the smart card.
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@item --change-pin
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@opindex change-pin
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Present a menu to allow changing the PIN of a smartcard. This
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functionality is also available as the subcommand "passwd" with the
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@option{--card-edit} command.
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@item --delete-key @code{name}
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@opindex delete-key
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Remove key from the public keyring. In batch mode either @option{--yes} is
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required or the key must be specified by fingerprint. This is a
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safeguard against accidental deletion of multiple keys.
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@item --delete-secret-key @code{name}
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@opindex delete-secret-key
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Remove key from the secret keyring. In batch mode the key
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must be specified by fingerprint.
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@item --delete-secret-and-public-key @code{name}
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@opindex delete-secret-and-public-key
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Same as @option{--delete-key}, but if a secret key exists, it will be
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removed first. In batch mode the key must be specified by fingerprint.
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@item --export
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@opindex export
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Either export all keys from all keyrings (default keyrings and those
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registered via option @option{--keyring}), or if at least one name is given,
|
|
those of the given name. The exported keys are written to STDOUT or to the
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file given with option @option{--output}. Use together with
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|
@option{--armor} to mail those keys.
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|
@item --send-keys @code{key IDs}
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@opindex send-keys
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Similar to @option{--export} but sends the keys to a keyserver.
|
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Fingerprints may be used instead of key IDs. Option @option{--keyserver}
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must be used to give the name of this keyserver. Don't send your
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complete keyring to a keyserver --- select only those keys which are new
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|
or changed by you. If no key IDs are given, @command{gpg} does nothing.
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|
@item --export-secret-keys
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@itemx --export-secret-subkeys
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@opindex export-secret-keys
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@opindex export-secret-subkeys
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|
Same as @option{--export}, but exports the secret keys instead. The
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exported keys are written to STDOUT or to the file given with option
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@option{--output}. This command is often used along with the option
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@option{--armor} to allow easy printing of the key for paper backup;
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|
however the external tool @command{paperkey} does a better job for
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|
creating backups on paper. Note that exporting a secret key can be a
|
|
security risk if the exported keys are send over an insecure channel.
|
|
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|
The second form of the command has the special property to render the
|
|
secret part of the primary key useless; this is a GNU extension to
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|
OpenPGP and other implementations can not be expected to successfully
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import such a key. Its intended use is to generated a full key with
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|
an additional signing subkey on a dedicated machine and then using
|
|
this command to export the key without the primary key to the main
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machine.
|
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|
@ifset gpgtwoone
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|
GnuPG may ask you to enter the passphrase for the key. This is
|
|
required because the internal protection method of the secret key is
|
|
different from the one specified by the OpenPGP protocol.
|
|
@end ifset
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|
@ifclear gpgtwoone
|
|
See the option @option{--simple-sk-checksum} if you want to import an
|
|
exported secret key into ancient OpenPGP implementations.
|
|
@end ifclear
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|
|
|
@item --import
|
|
@itemx --fast-import
|
|
@opindex import
|
|
Import/merge keys. This adds the given keys to the
|
|
keyring. The fast version is currently just a synonym.
|
|
|
|
There are a few other options which control how this command works.
|
|
Most notable here is the @option{--import-options merge-only} option
|
|
which does not insert new keys but does only the merging of new
|
|
signatures, user-IDs and subkeys.
|
|
|
|
@item --recv-keys @code{key IDs}
|
|
@opindex recv-keys
|
|
Import the keys with the given key IDs from a keyserver. Option
|
|
@option{--keyserver} must be used to give the name of this keyserver.
|
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|
|
@item --refresh-keys
|
|
@opindex refresh-keys
|
|
Request updates from a keyserver for keys that already exist on the
|
|
local keyring. This is useful for updating a key with the latest
|
|
signatures, user IDs, etc. Calling this with no arguments will refresh
|
|
the entire keyring. Option @option{--keyserver} must be used to give the
|
|
name of the keyserver for all keys that do not have preferred keyservers
|
|
set (see @option{--keyserver-options honor-keyserver-url}).
|
|
|
|
@item --search-keys @code{names}
|
|
@opindex search-keys
|
|
Search the keyserver for the given names. Multiple names given here will
|
|
be joined together to create the search string for the keyserver.
|
|
Option @option{--keyserver} must be used to give the name of this
|
|
keyserver. Keyservers that support different search methods allow using
|
|
the syntax specified in "How to specify a user ID" below. Note that
|
|
different keyserver types support different search methods. Currently
|
|
only LDAP supports them all.
|
|
|
|
@item --fetch-keys @code{URIs}
|
|
@opindex fetch-keys
|
|
Retrieve keys located at the specified URIs. Note that different
|
|
installations of GnuPG may support different protocols (HTTP, FTP,
|
|
LDAP, etc.)
|
|
|
|
@item --update-trustdb
|
|
@opindex update-trustdb
|
|
Do trust database maintenance. This command iterates over all keys and
|
|
builds the Web of Trust. This is an interactive command because it may
|
|
have to ask for the "ownertrust" values for keys. The user has to give
|
|
an estimation of how far she trusts the owner of the displayed key to
|
|
correctly certify (sign) other keys. GnuPG only asks for the ownertrust
|
|
value if it has not yet been assigned to a key. Using the
|
|
@option{--edit-key} menu, the assigned value can be changed at any time.
|
|
|
|
@item --check-trustdb
|
|
@opindex check-trustdb
|
|
Do trust database maintenance without user interaction. From time to
|
|
time the trust database must be updated so that expired keys or
|
|
signatures and the resulting changes in the Web of Trust can be
|
|
tracked. Normally, GnuPG will calculate when this is required and do it
|
|
automatically unless @option{--no-auto-check-trustdb} is set. This
|
|
command can be used to force a trust database check at any time. The
|
|
processing is identical to that of @option{--update-trustdb} but it
|
|
skips keys with a not yet defined "ownertrust".
|
|
|
|
For use with cron jobs, this command can be used together with
|
|
@option{--batch} in which case the trust database check is done only if
|
|
a check is needed. To force a run even in batch mode add the option
|
|
@option{--yes}.
|
|
|
|
@anchor{option --export-ownertrust}
|
|
@item --export-ownertrust
|
|
@opindex export-ownertrust
|
|
Send the ownertrust values to STDOUT. This is useful for backup purposes
|
|
as these values are the only ones which can't be re-created from a
|
|
corrupted trustdb. Example:
|
|
@c man:.RS
|
|
@example
|
|
@gpgname{} --export-ownertrust > otrust.txt
|
|
@end example
|
|
@c man:.RE
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item --import-ownertrust
|
|
@opindex import-ownertrust
|
|
Update the trustdb with the ownertrust values stored in @code{files} (or
|
|
STDIN if not given); existing values will be overwritten. In case of a
|
|
severely damaged trustdb and if you have a recent backup of the
|
|
ownertrust values (e.g. in the file @file{otrust.txt}, you may re-create
|
|
the trustdb using these commands:
|
|
@c man:.RS
|
|
@example
|
|
cd ~/.gnupg
|
|
rm trustdb.gpg
|
|
@gpgname{} --import-ownertrust < otrust.txt
|
|
@end example
|
|
@c man:.RE
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item --rebuild-keydb-caches
|
|
@opindex rebuild-keydb-caches
|
|
When updating from version 1.0.6 to 1.0.7 this command should be used
|
|
to create signature caches in the keyring. It might be handy in other
|
|
situations too.
|
|
|
|
@item --print-md @code{algo}
|
|
@itemx --print-mds
|
|
@opindex print-md
|
|
Print message digest of algorithm ALGO for all given files or STDIN.
|
|
With the second form (or a deprecated "*" as algo) digests for all
|
|
available algorithms are printed.
|
|
|
|
@item --gen-random @code{0|1|2} @code{count}
|
|
@opindex gen-random
|
|
Emit @var{count} random bytes of the given quality level 0, 1 or 2. If
|
|
@var{count} is not given or zero, an endless sequence of random bytes
|
|
will be emitted. If used with @option{--armor} the output will be
|
|
base64 encoded. PLEASE, don't use this command unless you know what
|
|
you are doing; it may remove precious entropy from the system!
|
|
|
|
@item --gen-prime @code{mode} @code{bits}
|
|
@opindex gen-prime
|
|
Use the source, Luke :-). The output format is still subject to change.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item --enarmor
|
|
@item --dearmor
|
|
@opindex enarmor
|
|
@opindex dearmor
|
|
Pack or unpack an arbitrary input into/from an OpenPGP ASCII armor.
|
|
This is a GnuPG extension to OpenPGP and in general not very useful.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@c ******* KEY MANGEMENT COMMANDS **********
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@node OpenPGP Key Management
|
|
@subsection How to manage your keys
|
|
|
|
This section explains the main commands for key management
|
|
|
|
@table @gnupgtabopt
|
|
|
|
@item --gen-key
|
|
@opindex gen-key
|
|
Generate a new key pair. This command is normally only used
|
|
interactively.
|
|
|
|
There is an experimental feature which allows you to create keys in
|
|
batch mode. See the file @file{doc/DETAILS} in the source distribution
|
|
on how to use this.
|
|
|
|
@item --gen-revoke @code{name}
|
|
@opindex gen-revoke
|
|
Generate a revocation certificate for the complete key. To revoke
|
|
a subkey or a signature, use the @option{--edit} command.
|
|
|
|
@item --desig-revoke @code{name}
|
|
@opindex desig-revoke
|
|
Generate a designated revocation certificate for a key. This allows a
|
|
user (with the permission of the keyholder) to revoke someone else's
|
|
key.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item --edit-key
|
|
@opindex edit-key
|
|
Present a menu which enables you to do most of the key management
|
|
related tasks. It expects the specification of a key on the command
|
|
line.
|
|
|
|
@c ******** Begin Edit-key Options **********
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item uid @code{n}
|
|
@opindex keyedit:uid
|
|
Toggle selection of user ID or photographic user ID with index @code{n}.
|
|
Use @code{*} to select all and @code{0} to deselect all.
|
|
|
|
@item key @code{n}
|
|
@opindex keyedit:key
|
|
Toggle selection of subkey with index @code{n}.
|
|
Use @code{*} to select all and @code{0} to deselect all.
|
|
|
|
@item sign
|
|
@opindex keyedit:sign
|
|
Make a signature on key of user @code{name} If the key is not yet
|
|
signed by the default user (or the users given with -u), the program
|
|
displays the information of the key again, together with its
|
|
fingerprint and asks whether it should be signed. This question is
|
|
repeated for all users specified with
|
|
-u.
|
|
|
|
@item lsign
|
|
@opindex keyedit:lsign
|
|
Same as "sign" but the signature is marked as non-exportable and will
|
|
therefore never be used by others. This may be used to make keys
|
|
valid only in the local environment.
|
|
|
|
@item nrsign
|
|
@opindex keyedit:nrsign
|
|
Same as "sign" but the signature is marked as non-revocable and can
|
|
therefore never be revoked.
|
|
|
|
@item tsign
|
|
@opindex keyedit:tsign
|
|
Make a trust signature. This is a signature that combines the notions
|
|
of certification (like a regular signature), and trust (like the
|
|
"trust" command). It is generally only useful in distinct communities
|
|
or groups.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@c man:.RS
|
|
Note that "l" (for local / non-exportable), "nr" (for non-revocable,
|
|
and "t" (for trust) may be freely mixed and prefixed to "sign" to
|
|
create a signature of any type desired.
|
|
@c man:.RE
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item delsig
|
|
@opindex keyedit:delsig
|
|
Delete a signature. Note that it is not possible to retract a signature,
|
|
once it has been send to the public (i.e. to a keyserver). In that case
|
|
you better use @code{revsig}.
|
|
|
|
@item revsig
|
|
@opindex keyedit:revsig
|
|
Revoke a signature. For every signature which has been generated by
|
|
one of the secret keys, GnuPG asks whether a revocation certificate
|
|
should be generated.
|
|
|
|
@item check
|
|
@opindex keyedit:check
|
|
Check the signatures on all selected user IDs.
|
|
|
|
@item adduid
|
|
@opindex keyedit:adduid
|
|
Create an additional user ID.
|
|
|
|
@item addphoto
|
|
@opindex keyedit:addphoto
|
|
Create a photographic user ID. This will prompt for a JPEG file that
|
|
will be embedded into the user ID. Note that a very large JPEG will make
|
|
for a very large key. Also note that some programs will display your
|
|
JPEG unchanged (GnuPG), and some programs will scale it to fit in a
|
|
dialog box (PGP).
|
|
|
|
@item showphoto
|
|
@opindex keyedit:showphoto
|
|
Display the selected photographic user ID.
|
|
|
|
@item deluid
|
|
@opindex keyedit:deluid
|
|
Delete a user ID or photographic user ID. Note that it is not
|
|
possible to retract a user id, once it has been send to the public
|
|
(i.e. to a keyserver). In that case you better use @code{revuid}.
|
|
|
|
@item revuid
|
|
@opindex keyedit:revuid
|
|
Revoke a user ID or photographic user ID.
|
|
|
|
@item primary
|
|
@opindex keyedit:primary
|
|
Flag the current user id as the primary one, removes the primary user
|
|
id flag from all other user ids and sets the timestamp of all affected
|
|
self-signatures one second ahead. Note that setting a photo user ID
|
|
as primary makes it primary over other photo user IDs, and setting a
|
|
regular user ID as primary makes it primary over other regular user
|
|
IDs.
|
|
|
|
@item keyserver
|
|
@opindex keyedit:keyserver
|
|
Set a preferred keyserver for the specified user ID(s). This allows
|
|
other users to know where you prefer they get your key from. See
|
|
@option{--keyserver-options honor-keyserver-url} for more on how this
|
|
works. Setting a value of "none" removes an existing preferred
|
|
keyserver.
|
|
|
|
@item notation
|
|
@opindex keyedit:notation
|
|
Set a name=value notation for the specified user ID(s). See
|
|
@option{--cert-notation} for more on how this works. Setting a value of
|
|
"none" removes all notations, setting a notation prefixed with a minus
|
|
sign (-) removes that notation, and setting a notation name (without the
|
|
=value) prefixed with a minus sign removes all notations with that name.
|
|
|
|
@item pref
|
|
@opindex keyedit:pref
|
|
List preferences from the selected user ID. This shows the actual
|
|
preferences, without including any implied preferences.
|
|
|
|
@item showpref
|
|
@opindex keyedit:showpref
|
|
More verbose preferences listing for the selected user ID. This shows
|
|
the preferences in effect by including the implied preferences of 3DES
|
|
(cipher), SHA-1 (digest), and Uncompressed (compression) if they are
|
|
not already included in the preference list. In addition, the
|
|
preferred keyserver and signature notations (if any) are shown.
|
|
|
|
@item setpref @code{string}
|
|
@opindex keyedit:setpref
|
|
Set the list of user ID preferences to @code{string} for all (or just
|
|
the selected) user IDs. Calling setpref with no arguments sets the
|
|
preference list to the default (either built-in or set via
|
|
@option{--default-preference-list}), and calling setpref with "none"
|
|
as the argument sets an empty preference list. Use @command{@gpgname
|
|
--version} to get a list of available algorithms. Note that while you
|
|
can change the preferences on an attribute user ID (aka "photo ID"),
|
|
GnuPG does not select keys via attribute user IDs so these preferences
|
|
will not be used by GnuPG.
|
|
|
|
When setting preferences, you should list the algorithms in the order
|
|
which you'd like to see them used by someone else when encrypting a
|
|
message to your key. If you don't include 3DES, it will be
|
|
automatically added at the end. Note that there are many factors that
|
|
go into choosing an algorithm (for example, your key may not be the
|
|
only recipient), and so the remote OpenPGP application being used to
|
|
send to you may or may not follow your exact chosen order for a given
|
|
message. It will, however, only choose an algorithm that is present
|
|
on the preference list of every recipient key. See also the
|
|
INTEROPERABILITY WITH OTHER OPENPGP PROGRAMS section below.
|
|
|
|
@item addkey
|
|
@opindex keyedit:addkey
|
|
Add a subkey to this key.
|
|
|
|
@item addcardkey
|
|
@opindex keyedit:addcardkey
|
|
Generate a subkey on a card and add it to this key.
|
|
|
|
@item keytocard
|
|
@opindex keyedit:keytocard
|
|
Transfer the selected secret subkey (or the primary key if no subkey
|
|
has been selected) to a smartcard. The secret key in the keyring will
|
|
be replaced by a stub if the key could be stored successfully on the
|
|
card and you use the save command later. Only certain key types may be
|
|
transferred to the card. A sub menu allows you to select on what card
|
|
to store the key. Note that it is not possible to get that key back
|
|
from the card - if the card gets broken your secret key will be lost
|
|
unless you have a backup somewhere.
|
|
|
|
@item bkuptocard @code{file}
|
|
@opindex keyedit:bkuptocard
|
|
Restore the given file to a card. This command may be used to restore a
|
|
backup key (as generated during card initialization) to a new card. In
|
|
almost all cases this will be the encryption key. You should use this
|
|
command only with the corresponding public key and make sure that the
|
|
file given as argument is indeed the backup to restore. You should then
|
|
select 2 to restore as encryption key. You will first be asked to enter
|
|
the passphrase of the backup key and then for the Admin PIN of the card.
|
|
|
|
@item delkey
|
|
@opindex keyedit:delkey
|
|
Remove a subkey (secondart key). Note that it is not possible to retract
|
|
a subkey, once it has been send to the public (i.e. to a keyserver). In
|
|
that case you better use @code{revkey}.
|
|
|
|
@item revkey
|
|
@opindex keyedit:revkey
|
|
Revoke a subkey.
|
|
|
|
@item expire
|
|
@opindex keyedit:expire
|
|
Change the key or subkey expiration time. If a subkey is selected, the
|
|
expiration time of this subkey will be changed. With no selection, the
|
|
key expiration of the primary key is changed.
|
|
|
|
@item trust
|
|
@opindex keyedit:trust
|
|
Change the owner trust value for the key. This updates the trust-db
|
|
immediately and no save is required.
|
|
|
|
@item disable
|
|
@itemx enable
|
|
@opindex keyedit:disable
|
|
@opindex keyedit:enable
|
|
Disable or enable an entire key. A disabled key can not normally be
|
|
used for encryption.
|
|
|
|
@item addrevoker
|
|
@opindex keyedit:addrevoker
|
|
Add a designated revoker to the key. This takes one optional argument:
|
|
"sensitive". If a designated revoker is marked as sensitive, it will
|
|
not be exported by default (see export-options).
|
|
|
|
@item passwd
|
|
@opindex keyedit:passwd
|
|
Change the passphrase of the secret key.
|
|
|
|
@item toggle
|
|
@opindex keyedit:toggle
|
|
Toggle between public and secret key listing.
|
|
|
|
@item clean
|
|
@opindex keyedit:clean
|
|
Compact (by removing all signatures except the selfsig) any user ID
|
|
that is no longer usable (e.g. revoked, or expired). Then, remove any
|
|
signatures that are not usable by the trust calculations.
|
|
Specifically, this removes any signature that does not validate, any
|
|
signature that is superseded by a later signature, revoked signatures,
|
|
and signatures issued by keys that are not present on the keyring.
|
|
|
|
@item minimize
|
|
@opindex keyedit:minimize
|
|
Make the key as small as possible. This removes all signatures from
|
|
each user ID except for the most recent self-signature.
|
|
|
|
@item cross-certify
|
|
@opindex keyedit:cross-certify
|
|
Add cross-certification signatures to signing subkeys that may not
|
|
currently have them. Cross-certification signatures protect against a
|
|
subtle attack against signing subkeys. See
|
|
@option{--require-cross-certification}. All new keys generated have
|
|
this signature by default, so this option is only useful to bring
|
|
older keys up to date.
|
|
|
|
@item save
|
|
@opindex keyedit:save
|
|
Save all changes to the key rings and quit.
|
|
|
|
@item quit
|
|
@opindex keyedit:quit
|
|
Quit the program without updating the
|
|
key rings.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@c man:.RS
|
|
The listing shows you the key with its secondary keys and all user
|
|
ids. The primary user id is indicated by a dot, and selected keys or
|
|
user ids are indicated by an asterisk. The trust
|
|
value is displayed with the primary key: the first is the assigned owner
|
|
trust and the second is the calculated trust value. Letters are used for
|
|
the values:
|
|
@c man:.RE
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item -
|
|
No ownertrust assigned / not yet calculated.
|
|
|
|
@item e
|
|
Trust
|
|
calculation has failed; probably due to an expired key.
|
|
|
|
@item q
|
|
Not enough information for calculation.
|
|
|
|
@item n
|
|
Never trust this key.
|
|
|
|
@item m
|
|
Marginally trusted.
|
|
|
|
@item f
|
|
Fully trusted.
|
|
|
|
@item u
|
|
Ultimately trusted.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c ******** End Edit-key Options **********
|
|
|
|
@item --sign-key @code{name}
|
|
@opindex sign-key
|
|
Signs a public key with your secret key. This is a shortcut version of
|
|
the subcommand "sign" from @option{--edit}.
|
|
|
|
@item --lsign-key @code{name}
|
|
@opindex lsign-key
|
|
Signs a public key with your secret key but marks it as
|
|
non-exportable. This is a shortcut version of the subcommand "lsign"
|
|
from @option{--edit-key}.
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgtwoone
|
|
@item --quick-sign-key @code{fpr} [@code{names}]
|
|
@itemx --quick-lsign-key @code{name}
|
|
@opindex quick-sign-key
|
|
@opindex quick-lsign-key
|
|
Directly sign a key from the passphrase without any further user
|
|
interaction. The @code{fpr} must be the verified primary fingerprint
|
|
of a key in the local keyring. If no @code{names} are given, all
|
|
useful user ids are signed; with given [@code{names}] only useful user
|
|
ids matching one of theses names are signed. The command
|
|
@option{--quick-lsign-key} marks the signatures as non-exportable.
|
|
|
|
This command uses reasonable defaults and thus does not provide the
|
|
full flexibility of the "sign" subcommand from @option{--edit-key}.
|
|
Its intended use to help unattended signing using a list of verified
|
|
fingerprints.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@ifclear gpgone
|
|
@item --passwd @var{user_id}
|
|
@opindex passwd
|
|
Change the passphrase of the secret key belonging to the certificate
|
|
specified as @var{user_id}. This is a shortcut for the sub-command
|
|
@code{passwd} of the edit key menu.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@c *************** ****************
|
|
@c *************** OPTIONS ****************
|
|
@c *************** ****************
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@mansect options
|
|
@node GPG Options
|
|
@section Option Summary
|
|
|
|
@command{@gpgname} features a bunch of options to control the exact
|
|
behaviour and to change the default configuration.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* GPG Configuration Options:: How to change the configuration.
|
|
* GPG Key related Options:: Key related options.
|
|
* GPG Input and Output:: Input and Output.
|
|
* OpenPGP Options:: OpenPGP protocol specific options.
|
|
* Compliance Options:: Compliance options.
|
|
* GPG Esoteric Options:: Doing things one usually don't want to do.
|
|
* Deprecated Options:: Deprecated options.
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
Long options can be put in an options file (default
|
|
"~/.gnupg/gpg.conf"). Short option names will not work - for example,
|
|
"armor" is a valid option for the options file, while "a" is not. Do not
|
|
write the 2 dashes, but simply the name of the option and any required
|
|
arguments. Lines with a hash ('#') as the first non-white-space
|
|
character are ignored. Commands may be put in this file too, but that is
|
|
not generally useful as the command will execute automatically with
|
|
every execution of gpg.
|
|
|
|
Please remember that option parsing stops as soon as a non-option is
|
|
encountered, you can explicitly stop parsing by using the special option
|
|
@option{--}.
|
|
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@c ******** CONFIGURATION OPTIONS **********
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@node GPG Configuration Options
|
|
@subsection How to change the configuration
|
|
|
|
These options are used to change the configuration and are usually found
|
|
in the option file.
|
|
|
|
@table @gnupgtabopt
|
|
|
|
@item --default-key @var{name}
|
|
@opindex default-key
|
|
Use @var{name} as the default key to sign with. If this option is not
|
|
used, the default key is the first key found in the secret keyring.
|
|
Note that @option{-u} or @option{--local-user} overrides this option.
|
|
|
|
@item --default-recipient @var{name}
|
|
@opindex default-recipient
|
|
Use @var{name} as default recipient if option @option{--recipient} is
|
|
not used and don't ask if this is a valid one. @var{name} must be
|
|
non-empty.
|
|
|
|
@item --default-recipient-self
|
|
@opindex default-recipient-self
|
|
Use the default key as default recipient if option @option{--recipient} is not
|
|
used and don't ask if this is a valid one. The default key is the first
|
|
one from the secret keyring or the one set with @option{--default-key}.
|
|
|
|
@item --no-default-recipient
|
|
@opindex no-default-recipient
|
|
Reset @option{--default-recipient} and @option{--default-recipient-self}.
|
|
|
|
@item -v, --verbose
|
|
@opindex verbose
|
|
Give more information during processing. If used
|
|
twice, the input data is listed in detail.
|
|
|
|
@item --no-verbose
|
|
@opindex no-verbose
|
|
Reset verbose level to 0.
|
|
|
|
@item -q, --quiet
|
|
@opindex quiet
|
|
Try to be as quiet as possible.
|
|
|
|
@item --batch
|
|
@itemx --no-batch
|
|
@opindex batch
|
|
@opindex no-batch
|
|
Use batch mode. Never ask, do not allow interactive commands.
|
|
@option{--no-batch} disables this option. Note that even with a
|
|
filename given on the command line, gpg might still need to read from
|
|
STDIN (in particular if gpg figures that the input is a
|
|
detached signature and no data file has been specified). Thus if you
|
|
do not want to feed data via STDIN, you should connect STDIN to
|
|
@file{/dev/null}.
|
|
|
|
@item --no-tty
|
|
@opindex no-tty
|
|
Make sure that the TTY (terminal) is never used for any output.
|
|
This option is needed in some cases because GnuPG sometimes prints
|
|
warnings to the TTY even if @option{--batch} is used.
|
|
|
|
@item --yes
|
|
@opindex yes
|
|
Assume "yes" on most questions.
|
|
|
|
@item --no
|
|
@opindex no
|
|
Assume "no" on most questions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item --list-options @code{parameters}
|
|
@opindex list-options
|
|
This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options used when
|
|
listing keys and signatures (that is, @option{--list-keys},
|
|
@option{--list-sigs}, @option{--list-public-keys},
|
|
@option{--list-secret-keys}, and the @option{--edit-key} functions).
|
|
Options can be prepended with a @option{no-} (after the two dashes) to
|
|
give the opposite meaning. The options are:
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item show-photos
|
|
@opindex list-options:show-photos
|
|
Causes @option{--list-keys}, @option{--list-sigs},
|
|
@option{--list-public-keys}, and @option{--list-secret-keys} to
|
|
display any photo IDs attached to the key. Defaults to no. See also
|
|
@option{--photo-viewer}. Does not work with @option{--with-colons}:
|
|
see @option{--attribute-fd} for the appropriate way to get photo data
|
|
for scripts and other frontends.
|
|
|
|
@item show-policy-urls
|
|
@opindex list-options:show-policy-urls
|
|
Show policy URLs in the @option{--list-sigs} or @option{--check-sigs}
|
|
listings. Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item show-notations
|
|
@itemx show-std-notations
|
|
@itemx show-user-notations
|
|
@opindex list-options:show-notations
|
|
@opindex list-options:show-std-notations
|
|
@opindex list-options:show-user-notations
|
|
Show all, IETF standard, or user-defined signature notations in the
|
|
@option{--list-sigs} or @option{--check-sigs} listings. Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item show-keyserver-urls
|
|
@opindex list-options:show-keyserver-urls
|
|
Show any preferred keyserver URL in the @option{--list-sigs} or
|
|
@option{--check-sigs} listings. Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item show-uid-validity
|
|
@opindex list-options:show-uid-validity
|
|
Display the calculated validity of user IDs during key listings.
|
|
Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item show-unusable-uids
|
|
@opindex list-options:show-unusable-uids
|
|
Show revoked and expired user IDs in key listings. Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item show-unusable-subkeys
|
|
@opindex list-options:show-unusable-subkeys
|
|
Show revoked and expired subkeys in key listings. Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item show-keyring
|
|
@opindex list-options:show-keyring
|
|
Display the keyring name at the head of key listings to show which
|
|
keyring a given key resides on. Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item show-sig-expire
|
|
@opindex list-options:show-sig-expire
|
|
Show signature expiration dates (if any) during @option{--list-sigs} or
|
|
@option{--check-sigs} listings. Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item show-sig-subpackets
|
|
@opindex list-options:show-sig-subpackets
|
|
Include signature subpackets in the key listing. This option can take an
|
|
optional argument list of the subpackets to list. If no argument is
|
|
passed, list all subpackets. Defaults to no. This option is only
|
|
meaningful when using @option{--with-colons} along with
|
|
@option{--list-sigs} or @option{--check-sigs}.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@item --verify-options @code{parameters}
|
|
@opindex verify-options
|
|
This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options used when
|
|
verifying signatures. Options can be prepended with a `no-' to give
|
|
the opposite meaning. The options are:
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item show-photos
|
|
@opindex verify-options:show-photos
|
|
Display any photo IDs present on the key that issued the signature.
|
|
Defaults to no. See also @option{--photo-viewer}.
|
|
|
|
@item show-policy-urls
|
|
@opindex verify-options:show-policy-urls
|
|
Show policy URLs in the signature being verified. Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item show-notations
|
|
@itemx show-std-notations
|
|
@itemx show-user-notations
|
|
@opindex verify-options:show-notations
|
|
@opindex verify-options:show-std-notations
|
|
@opindex verify-options:show-user-notations
|
|
Show all, IETF standard, or user-defined signature notations in the
|
|
signature being verified. Defaults to IETF standard.
|
|
|
|
@item show-keyserver-urls
|
|
@opindex verify-options:show-keyserver-urls
|
|
Show any preferred keyserver URL in the signature being verified.
|
|
Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item show-uid-validity
|
|
@opindex verify-options:show-uid-validity
|
|
Display the calculated validity of the user IDs on the key that issued
|
|
the signature. Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item show-unusable-uids
|
|
@opindex verify-options:show-unusable-uids
|
|
Show revoked and expired user IDs during signature verification.
|
|
Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item show-primary-uid-only
|
|
@opindex verify-options:show-primary-uid-only
|
|
Show only the primary user ID during signature verification. That is
|
|
all the AKA lines as well as photo Ids are not shown with the signature
|
|
verification status.
|
|
|
|
@item pka-lookups
|
|
@opindex verify-options:pka-lookups
|
|
Enable PKA lookups to verify sender addresses. Note that PKA is based
|
|
on DNS, and so enabling this option may disclose information on when
|
|
and what signatures are verified or to whom data is encrypted. This
|
|
is similar to the "web bug" described for the auto-key-retrieve
|
|
feature.
|
|
|
|
@item pka-trust-increase
|
|
@opindex verify-options:pka-trust-increase
|
|
Raise the trust in a signature to full if the signature passes PKA
|
|
validation. This option is only meaningful if pka-lookups is set.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@item --enable-large-rsa
|
|
@itemx --disable-large-rsa
|
|
@opindex enable-large-rsa
|
|
@opindex disable-large-rsa
|
|
With --gen-key and --batch, enable the creation of larger RSA secret
|
|
keys than is generally recommended (up to 8192 bits). These large
|
|
keys are more expensive to use, and their signatures and
|
|
certifications are also larger.
|
|
|
|
@item --enable-dsa2
|
|
@itemx --disable-dsa2
|
|
@opindex enable-dsa2
|
|
@opindex disable-dsa2
|
|
Enable hash truncation for all DSA keys even for old DSA Keys up to
|
|
1024 bit. This is also the default with @option{--openpgp}. Note
|
|
that older versions of GnuPG also required this flag to allow the
|
|
generation of DSA larger than 1024 bit.
|
|
|
|
@item --photo-viewer @code{string}
|
|
@opindex photo-viewer
|
|
This is the command line that should be run to view a photo ID. "%i"
|
|
will be expanded to a filename containing the photo. "%I" does the
|
|
same, except the file will not be deleted once the viewer exits.
|
|
Other flags are "%k" for the key ID, "%K" for the long key ID, "%f"
|
|
for the key fingerprint, "%t" for the extension of the image type
|
|
(e.g. "jpg"), "%T" for the MIME type of the image (e.g. "image/jpeg"),
|
|
"%v" for the single-character calculated validity of the image being
|
|
viewed (e.g. "f"), "%V" for the calculated validity as a string (e.g.
|
|
"full"), "%U" for a base32 encoded hash of the user ID,
|
|
and "%%" for an actual percent sign. If neither %i or %I are present,
|
|
then the photo will be supplied to the viewer on standard input.
|
|
|
|
The default viewer is "xloadimage -fork -quiet -title 'KeyID 0x%k'
|
|
STDIN". Note that if your image viewer program is not secure, then
|
|
executing it from GnuPG does not make it secure.
|
|
|
|
@item --exec-path @code{string}
|
|
@opindex exec-path
|
|
Sets a list of directories to search for photo viewers and keyserver
|
|
helpers. If not provided, keyserver helpers use the compiled-in
|
|
default directory, and photo viewers use the $PATH environment
|
|
variable.
|
|
Note, that on W32 system this value is ignored when searching for
|
|
keyserver helpers.
|
|
|
|
@item --keyring @code{file}
|
|
@opindex keyring
|
|
Add @code{file} to the current list of keyrings. If @code{file} begins
|
|
with a tilde and a slash, these are replaced by the $HOME directory. If
|
|
the filename does not contain a slash, it is assumed to be in the GnuPG
|
|
home directory ("~/.gnupg" if @option{--homedir} or $GNUPGHOME is not
|
|
used).
|
|
|
|
Note that this adds a keyring to the current list. If the intent is to
|
|
use the specified keyring alone, use @option{--keyring} along with
|
|
@option{--no-default-keyring}.
|
|
|
|
@item --secret-keyring @code{file}
|
|
@opindex secret-keyring
|
|
Same as @option{--keyring} but for the secret keyrings.
|
|
|
|
@item --primary-keyring @code{file}
|
|
@opindex primary-keyring
|
|
Designate @code{file} as the primary public keyring. This means that
|
|
newly imported keys (via @option{--import} or keyserver
|
|
@option{--recv-from}) will go to this keyring.
|
|
|
|
@item --trustdb-name @code{file}
|
|
@opindex trustdb-name
|
|
Use @code{file} instead of the default trustdb. If @code{file} begins
|
|
with a tilde and a slash, these are replaced by the $HOME directory. If
|
|
the filename does not contain a slash, it is assumed to be in the GnuPG
|
|
home directory (@file{~/.gnupg} if @option{--homedir} or $GNUPGHOME is
|
|
not used).
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgone
|
|
@anchor{option --homedir}
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
@include opt-homedir.texi
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgone
|
|
@item --pcsc-driver @code{file}
|
|
@opindex pcsc-driver
|
|
Use @code{file} to access the smartcard reader. The current default is
|
|
`libpcsclite.so.1' for GLIBC based systems,
|
|
`/System/Library/Frameworks/PCSC.framework/PCSC' for MAC OS X,
|
|
`winscard.dll' for Windows and `libpcsclite.so' for other systems.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgone
|
|
@item --disable-ccid
|
|
@opindex disable-ccid
|
|
Disable the integrated support for CCID compliant readers. This
|
|
allows to fall back to one of the other drivers even if the internal
|
|
CCID driver can handle the reader. Note, that CCID support is only
|
|
available if libusb was available at build time.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgone
|
|
@item --reader-port @code{number_or_string}
|
|
@opindex reader-port
|
|
This option may be used to specify the port of the card terminal. A
|
|
value of 0 refers to the first serial device; add 32768 to access USB
|
|
devices. The default is 32768 (first USB device). PC/SC or CCID
|
|
readers might need a string here; run the program in verbose mode to get
|
|
a list of available readers. The default is then the first reader
|
|
found.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@item --display-charset @code{name}
|
|
@opindex display-charset
|
|
Set the name of the native character set. This is used to convert
|
|
some informational strings like user IDs to the proper UTF-8 encoding.
|
|
Note that this has nothing to do with the character set of data to be
|
|
encrypted or signed; GnuPG does not recode user-supplied data. If
|
|
this option is not used, the default character set is determined from
|
|
the current locale. A verbosity level of 3 shows the chosen set.
|
|
Valid values for @code{name} are:
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item iso-8859-1
|
|
@opindex display-charset:iso-8859-1
|
|
This is the Latin 1 set.
|
|
|
|
@item iso-8859-2
|
|
@opindex display-charset:iso-8859-2
|
|
The Latin 2 set.
|
|
|
|
@item iso-8859-15
|
|
@opindex display-charset:iso-8859-15
|
|
This is currently an alias for
|
|
the Latin 1 set.
|
|
|
|
@item koi8-r
|
|
@opindex display-charset:koi8-r
|
|
The usual Russian set (rfc1489).
|
|
|
|
@item utf-8
|
|
@opindex display-charset:utf-8
|
|
Bypass all translations and assume
|
|
that the OS uses native UTF-8 encoding.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@item --utf8-strings
|
|
@itemx --no-utf8-strings
|
|
@opindex utf8-strings
|
|
Assume that command line arguments are given as UTF8 strings. The
|
|
default (@option{--no-utf8-strings}) is to assume that arguments are
|
|
encoded in the character set as specified by
|
|
@option{--display-charset}. These options affect all following
|
|
arguments. Both options may be used multiple times.
|
|
|
|
@anchor{gpg-option --options}
|
|
@item --options @code{file}
|
|
@opindex options
|
|
Read options from @code{file} and do not try to read them from the
|
|
default options file in the homedir (see @option{--homedir}). This
|
|
option is ignored if used in an options file.
|
|
|
|
@item --no-options
|
|
@opindex no-options
|
|
Shortcut for @option{--options /dev/null}. This option is detected
|
|
before an attempt to open an option file. Using this option will also
|
|
prevent the creation of a @file{~/.gnupg} homedir.
|
|
|
|
@item -z @code{n}
|
|
@itemx --compress-level @code{n}
|
|
@itemx --bzip2-compress-level @code{n}
|
|
@opindex compress-level
|
|
@opindex bzip2-compress-level
|
|
Set compression level to @code{n} for the ZIP and ZLIB compression
|
|
algorithms. The default is to use the default compression level of zlib
|
|
(normally 6). @option{--bzip2-compress-level} sets the compression level
|
|
for the BZIP2 compression algorithm (defaulting to 6 as well). This is a
|
|
different option from @option{--compress-level} since BZIP2 uses a
|
|
significant amount of memory for each additional compression level.
|
|
@option{-z} sets both. A value of 0 for @code{n} disables compression.
|
|
|
|
@item --bzip2-decompress-lowmem
|
|
@opindex bzip2-decompress-lowmem
|
|
Use a different decompression method for BZIP2 compressed files. This
|
|
alternate method uses a bit more than half the memory, but also runs
|
|
at half the speed. This is useful under extreme low memory
|
|
circumstances when the file was originally compressed at a high
|
|
@option{--bzip2-compress-level}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item --mangle-dos-filenames
|
|
@itemx --no-mangle-dos-filenames
|
|
@opindex mangle-dos-filenames
|
|
@opindex no-mangle-dos-filenames
|
|
Older version of Windows cannot handle filenames with more than one
|
|
dot. @option{--mangle-dos-filenames} causes GnuPG to replace (rather
|
|
than add to) the extension of an output filename to avoid this
|
|
problem. This option is off by default and has no effect on non-Windows
|
|
platforms.
|
|
|
|
@item --ask-cert-level
|
|
@itemx --no-ask-cert-level
|
|
@opindex ask-cert-level
|
|
When making a key signature, prompt for a certification level. If this
|
|
option is not specified, the certification level used is set via
|
|
@option{--default-cert-level}. See @option{--default-cert-level} for
|
|
information on the specific levels and how they are
|
|
used. @option{--no-ask-cert-level} disables this option. This option
|
|
defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item --default-cert-level @code{n}
|
|
@opindex default-cert-level
|
|
The default to use for the check level when signing a key.
|
|
|
|
0 means you make no particular claim as to how carefully you verified
|
|
the key.
|
|
|
|
1 means you believe the key is owned by the person who claims to own
|
|
it but you could not, or did not verify the key at all. This is
|
|
useful for a "persona" verification, where you sign the key of a
|
|
pseudonymous user.
|
|
|
|
2 means you did casual verification of the key. For example, this
|
|
could mean that you verified the key fingerprint and checked the
|
|
user ID on the key against a photo ID.
|
|
|
|
3 means you did extensive verification of the key. For example, this
|
|
could mean that you verified the key fingerprint with the owner of the
|
|
key in person, and that you checked, by means of a hard to forge
|
|
document with a photo ID (such as a passport) that the name of the key
|
|
owner matches the name in the user ID on the key, and finally that you
|
|
verified (by exchange of email) that the email address on the key
|
|
belongs to the key owner.
|
|
|
|
Note that the examples given above for levels 2 and 3 are just that:
|
|
examples. In the end, it is up to you to decide just what "casual"
|
|
and "extensive" mean to you.
|
|
|
|
This option defaults to 0 (no particular claim).
|
|
|
|
@item --min-cert-level
|
|
@opindex min-cert-level
|
|
When building the trust database, treat any signatures with a
|
|
certification level below this as invalid. Defaults to 2, which
|
|
disregards level 1 signatures. Note that level 0 "no particular
|
|
claim" signatures are always accepted.
|
|
|
|
@item --trusted-key @code{long key ID}
|
|
@opindex trusted-key
|
|
Assume that the specified key (which must be given
|
|
as a full 8 byte key ID) is as trustworthy as one of
|
|
your own secret keys. This option is useful if you
|
|
don't want to keep your secret keys (or one of them)
|
|
online but still want to be able to check the validity of a given
|
|
recipient's or signator's key.
|
|
|
|
@item --trust-model @code{pgp|classic|direct|always|auto}
|
|
@opindex trust-model
|
|
Set what trust model GnuPG should follow. The models are:
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item pgp
|
|
@opindex trust-mode:pgp
|
|
This is the Web of Trust combined with trust signatures as used in PGP
|
|
5.x and later. This is the default trust model when creating a new
|
|
trust database.
|
|
|
|
@item classic
|
|
@opindex trust-mode:classic
|
|
This is the standard Web of Trust as used in PGP 2.x and earlier.
|
|
|
|
@item direct
|
|
@opindex trust-mode:direct
|
|
Key validity is set directly by the user and not calculated via the
|
|
Web of Trust.
|
|
|
|
@item always
|
|
@opindex trust-mode:always
|
|
Skip key validation and assume that used keys are always fully
|
|
trusted. You generally won't use this unless you are using some
|
|
external validation scheme. This option also suppresses the
|
|
"[uncertain]" tag printed with signature checks when there is no
|
|
evidence that the user ID is bound to the key. Note that this
|
|
trust model still does not allow the use of expired, revoked, or
|
|
disabled keys.
|
|
|
|
@item auto
|
|
@opindex trust-mode:auto
|
|
Select the trust model depending on whatever the internal trust
|
|
database says. This is the default model if such a database already
|
|
exists.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@item --auto-key-locate @code{parameters}
|
|
@itemx --no-auto-key-locate
|
|
@opindex auto-key-locate
|
|
GnuPG can automatically locate and retrieve keys as needed using this
|
|
option. This happens when encrypting to an email address (in the
|
|
"user@@example.com" form), and there are no user@@example.com keys on
|
|
the local keyring. This option takes any number of the following
|
|
mechanisms, in the order they are to be tried:
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item cert
|
|
Locate a key using DNS CERT, as specified in rfc4398.
|
|
|
|
@item pka
|
|
Locate a key using DNS PKA.
|
|
|
|
@item ldap
|
|
Using DNS Service Discovery, check the domain in question for any LDAP
|
|
keyservers to use. If this fails, attempt to locate the key using the
|
|
PGP Universal method of checking @samp{ldap://keys.(thedomain)}.
|
|
|
|
@item keyserver
|
|
Locate a key using whatever keyserver is defined using the
|
|
@option{--keyserver} option.
|
|
|
|
@item keyserver-URL
|
|
In addition, a keyserver URL as used in the @option{--keyserver} option
|
|
may be used here to query that particular keyserver.
|
|
|
|
@item local
|
|
Locate the key using the local keyrings. This mechanism allows to
|
|
select the order a local key lookup is done. Thus using
|
|
@samp{--auto-key-locate local} is identical to
|
|
@option{--no-auto-key-locate}.
|
|
|
|
@item nodefault
|
|
This flag disables the standard local key lookup, done before any of the
|
|
mechanisms defined by the @option{--auto-key-locate} are tried. The
|
|
position of this mechanism in the list does not matter. It is not
|
|
required if @code{local} is also used.
|
|
|
|
@item clear
|
|
Clear all defined mechanisms. This is useful to override
|
|
mechanisms given in a config file.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@item --keyid-format @code{short|0xshort|long|0xlong}
|
|
@opindex keyid-format
|
|
Select how to display key IDs. "short" is the traditional 8-character
|
|
key ID. "long" is the more accurate (but less convenient)
|
|
16-character key ID. Add an "0x" to either to include an "0x" at the
|
|
beginning of the key ID, as in 0x99242560. Note that this option is
|
|
ignored if the option --with-colons is used.
|
|
|
|
@item --keyserver @code{name}
|
|
@opindex keyserver
|
|
Use @code{name} as your keyserver. This is the server that
|
|
@option{--recv-keys}, @option{--send-keys}, and @option{--search-keys}
|
|
will communicate with to receive keys from, send keys to, and search for
|
|
keys on. The format of the @code{name} is a URI:
|
|
`scheme:[//]keyservername[:port]' The scheme is the type of keyserver:
|
|
"hkp" for the HTTP (or compatible) keyservers, "ldap" for the LDAP
|
|
keyservers, or "mailto" for the Graff email keyserver. Note that your
|
|
particular installation of GnuPG may have other keyserver types
|
|
available as well. Keyserver schemes are case-insensitive. After the
|
|
keyserver name, optional keyserver configuration options may be
|
|
provided. These are the same as the global @option{--keyserver-options}
|
|
from below, but apply only to this particular keyserver.
|
|
|
|
Most keyservers synchronize with each other, so there is generally no
|
|
need to send keys to more than one server. The keyserver
|
|
@code{hkp://keys.gnupg.net} uses round robin DNS to give a different
|
|
keyserver each time you use it.
|
|
|
|
@item --keyserver-options @code{name=value1 }
|
|
@opindex keyserver-options
|
|
This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options for the
|
|
keyserver. Options can be prefixed with a `no-' to give the opposite
|
|
meaning. Valid import-options or export-options may be used here as
|
|
well to apply to importing (@option{--recv-key}) or exporting
|
|
(@option{--send-key}) a key from a keyserver. While not all options
|
|
are available for all keyserver types, some common options are:
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item include-revoked
|
|
When searching for a key with @option{--search-keys}, include keys that
|
|
are marked on the keyserver as revoked. Note that not all keyservers
|
|
differentiate between revoked and unrevoked keys, and for such
|
|
keyservers this option is meaningless. Note also that most keyservers do
|
|
not have cryptographic verification of key revocations, and so turning
|
|
this option off may result in skipping keys that are incorrectly marked
|
|
as revoked.
|
|
|
|
@item include-disabled
|
|
When searching for a key with @option{--search-keys}, include keys that
|
|
are marked on the keyserver as disabled. Note that this option is not
|
|
used with HKP keyservers.
|
|
|
|
@item auto-key-retrieve
|
|
This option enables the automatic retrieving of keys from a keyserver
|
|
when verifying signatures made by keys that are not on the local
|
|
keyring.
|
|
|
|
Note that this option makes a "web bug" like behavior possible.
|
|
Keyserver operators can see which keys you request, so by sending you
|
|
a message signed by a brand new key (which you naturally will not have
|
|
on your local keyring), the operator can tell both your IP address and
|
|
the time when you verified the signature.
|
|
|
|
@item honor-keyserver-url
|
|
When using @option{--refresh-keys}, if the key in question has a preferred
|
|
keyserver URL, then use that preferred keyserver to refresh the key
|
|
from. In addition, if auto-key-retrieve is set, and the signature
|
|
being verified has a preferred keyserver URL, then use that preferred
|
|
keyserver to fetch the key from. Defaults to yes.
|
|
|
|
@item honor-pka-record
|
|
If auto-key-retrieve is set, and the signature being verified has a
|
|
PKA record, then use the PKA information to fetch the key. Defaults
|
|
to yes.
|
|
|
|
@item include-subkeys
|
|
When receiving a key, include subkeys as potential targets. Note that
|
|
this option is not used with HKP keyservers, as they do not support
|
|
retrieving keys by subkey id.
|
|
|
|
@item use-temp-files
|
|
On most Unix-like platforms, GnuPG communicates with the keyserver
|
|
helper program via pipes, which is the most efficient method. This
|
|
option forces GnuPG to use temporary files to communicate. On some
|
|
platforms (such as Win32 and RISC OS), this option is always enabled.
|
|
|
|
@item keep-temp-files
|
|
If using `use-temp-files', do not delete the temp files after using
|
|
them. This option is useful to learn the keyserver communication
|
|
protocol by reading the temporary files.
|
|
|
|
@item verbose
|
|
Tell the keyserver helper program to be more verbose. This option can
|
|
be repeated multiple times to increase the verbosity level.
|
|
|
|
@item timeout
|
|
Tell the keyserver helper program how long (in seconds) to try and
|
|
perform a keyserver action before giving up. Note that performing
|
|
multiple actions at the same time uses this timeout value per action.
|
|
For example, when retrieving multiple keys via @option{--recv-keys}, the
|
|
timeout applies separately to each key retrieval, and not to the
|
|
@option{--recv-keys} command as a whole. Defaults to 30 seconds.
|
|
|
|
@item http-proxy=@code{value}
|
|
Set the proxy to use for HTTP and HKP keyservers. This overrides the
|
|
"http_proxy" environment variable, if any.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ifclear gpgtwoone
|
|
@item max-cert-size
|
|
When retrieving a key via DNS CERT, only accept keys up to this size.
|
|
Defaults to 16384 bytes.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@item debug
|
|
Turn on debug output in the keyserver helper program. Note that the
|
|
details of debug output depends on which keyserver helper program is
|
|
being used, and in turn, on any libraries that the keyserver helper
|
|
program uses internally (libcurl, openldap, etc).
|
|
|
|
@item check-cert
|
|
@ifset gpgtwoone
|
|
This option has no more function since GnuPG 2.1. Use the
|
|
@code{dirmngr} configuration options instead.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
@ifclear gpgtwoone
|
|
Enable certificate checking if the keyserver presents one (for hkps or
|
|
ldaps). Defaults to on.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@item ca-cert-file
|
|
@ifset gpgtwoone
|
|
This option has no more function since GnuPG 2.1. Use the
|
|
@code{dirmngr} configuration options instead.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
@ifclear gpgtwoone
|
|
Provide a certificate store to override the system default. Only
|
|
necessary if check-cert is enabled, and the keyserver is using a
|
|
certificate that is not present in a system default certificate list.
|
|
|
|
Note that depending on the SSL library that the keyserver helper is
|
|
built with, this may actually be a directory or a file.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@item --completes-needed @code{n}
|
|
@opindex compliant-needed
|
|
Number of completely trusted users to introduce a new
|
|
key signer (defaults to 1).
|
|
|
|
@item --marginals-needed @code{n}
|
|
@opindex marginals-needed
|
|
Number of marginally trusted users to introduce a new
|
|
key signer (defaults to 3)
|
|
|
|
@item --max-cert-depth @code{n}
|
|
@opindex max-cert-depth
|
|
Maximum depth of a certification chain (default is 5).
|
|
|
|
@ifclear gpgtwoone
|
|
@item --simple-sk-checksum
|
|
@opindex simple-sk-checksum
|
|
Secret keys are integrity protected by using a SHA-1 checksum. This
|
|
method is part of the upcoming enhanced OpenPGP specification but
|
|
GnuPG already uses it as a countermeasure against certain attacks.
|
|
Old applications don't understand this new format, so this option may
|
|
be used to switch back to the old behaviour. Using this option bears
|
|
a security risk. Note that using this option only takes effect when
|
|
the secret key is encrypted - the simplest way to make this happen is
|
|
to change the passphrase on the key (even changing it to the same
|
|
value is acceptable).
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@item --no-sig-cache
|
|
@opindex no-sig-cache
|
|
Do not cache the verification status of key signatures.
|
|
Caching gives a much better performance in key listings. However, if
|
|
you suspect that your public keyring is not save against write
|
|
modifications, you can use this option to disable the caching. It
|
|
probably does not make sense to disable it because all kind of damage
|
|
can be done if someone else has write access to your public keyring.
|
|
|
|
@item --no-sig-create-check
|
|
@opindex no-sig-create-check
|
|
GnuPG normally verifies each signature right after creation to protect
|
|
against bugs and hardware malfunctions which could leak out bits from
|
|
the secret key. This extra verification needs some time (about 115%
|
|
for DSA keys), and so this option can be used to disable it.
|
|
However, due to the fact that the signature creation needs manual
|
|
interaction, this performance penalty does not matter in most settings.
|
|
|
|
@item --auto-check-trustdb
|
|
@itemx --no-auto-check-trustdb
|
|
@opindex auto-check-trustdb
|
|
If GnuPG feels that its information about the Web of Trust has to be
|
|
updated, it automatically runs the @option{--check-trustdb} command
|
|
internally. This may be a time consuming
|
|
process. @option{--no-auto-check-trustdb} disables this option.
|
|
|
|
@item --use-agent
|
|
@itemx --no-use-agent
|
|
@opindex use-agent
|
|
@ifclear gpgone
|
|
This is dummy option. @command{@gpgname} always requires the agent.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
@ifset gpgone
|
|
Try to use the GnuPG-Agent. With this option, GnuPG first tries to
|
|
connect to the agent before it asks for a
|
|
passphrase. @option{--no-use-agent} disables this option.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@item --gpg-agent-info
|
|
@opindex gpg-agent-info
|
|
@ifclear gpgone
|
|
This is dummy option. It has no effect when used with @command{gpg2}.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
@ifset gpgone
|
|
Override the value of the environment variable
|
|
@samp{GPG_AGENT_INFO}. This is only used when @option{--use-agent} has
|
|
been given. Given that this option is not anymore used by
|
|
@command{gpg2}, it should be avoided if possible.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ifclear gpgone
|
|
@item --agent-program @var{file}
|
|
@opindex agent-program
|
|
Specify an agent program to be used for secret key operations. The
|
|
default value is the @file{/usr/bin/gpg-agent}. This is only used
|
|
as a fallback when the environment variable @code{GPG_AGENT_INFO} is not
|
|
set or a running agent cannot be connected.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgtwoone
|
|
@item --dirmngr-program @var{file}
|
|
@opindex dirmngr-program
|
|
Specify a dirmngr program to be used for keyserver access. The
|
|
default value is @file{/usr/sbin/dirmngr}. This is only used as a
|
|
fallback when the environment variable @code{DIRMNGR_INFO} is not set or
|
|
a running dirmngr cannot be connected.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@item --lock-once
|
|
@opindex lock-once
|
|
Lock the databases the first time a lock is requested
|
|
and do not release the lock until the process
|
|
terminates.
|
|
|
|
@item --lock-multiple
|
|
@opindex lock-multiple
|
|
Release the locks every time a lock is no longer
|
|
needed. Use this to override a previous @option{--lock-once}
|
|
from a config file.
|
|
|
|
@item --lock-never
|
|
@opindex lock-never
|
|
Disable locking entirely. This option should be used only in very
|
|
special environments, where it can be assured that only one process
|
|
is accessing those files. A bootable floppy with a stand-alone
|
|
encryption system will probably use this. Improper usage of this
|
|
option may lead to data and key corruption.
|
|
|
|
@item --exit-on-status-write-error
|
|
@opindex exit-on-status-write-error
|
|
This option will cause write errors on the status FD to immediately
|
|
terminate the process. That should in fact be the default but it never
|
|
worked this way and thus we need an option to enable this, so that the
|
|
change won't break applications which close their end of a status fd
|
|
connected pipe too early. Using this option along with
|
|
@option{--enable-progress-filter} may be used to cleanly cancel long
|
|
running gpg operations.
|
|
|
|
@item --limit-card-insert-tries @code{n}
|
|
@opindex limit-card-insert-tries
|
|
With @code{n} greater than 0 the number of prompts asking to insert a
|
|
smartcard gets limited to N-1. Thus with a value of 1 gpg won't at
|
|
all ask to insert a card if none has been inserted at startup. This
|
|
option is useful in the configuration file in case an application does
|
|
not know about the smartcard support and waits ad infinitum for an
|
|
inserted card.
|
|
|
|
@item --no-random-seed-file
|
|
@opindex no-random-seed-file
|
|
GnuPG uses a file to store its internal random pool over invocations.
|
|
This makes random generation faster; however sometimes write operations
|
|
are not desired. This option can be used to achieve that with the cost of
|
|
slower random generation.
|
|
|
|
@item --no-greeting
|
|
@opindex no-greeting
|
|
Suppress the initial copyright message.
|
|
|
|
@item --no-secmem-warning
|
|
@opindex no-secmem-warning
|
|
Suppress the warning about "using insecure memory".
|
|
|
|
@item --no-permission-warning
|
|
@opindex permission-warning
|
|
Suppress the warning about unsafe file and home directory (@option{--homedir})
|
|
permissions. Note that the permission checks that GnuPG performs are
|
|
not intended to be authoritative, but rather they simply warn about
|
|
certain common permission problems. Do not assume that the lack of a
|
|
warning means that your system is secure.
|
|
|
|
Note that the warning for unsafe @option{--homedir} permissions cannot be
|
|
suppressed in the gpg.conf file, as this would allow an attacker to
|
|
place an unsafe gpg.conf file in place, and use this file to suppress
|
|
warnings about itself. The @option{--homedir} permissions warning may only be
|
|
suppressed on the command line.
|
|
|
|
@item --no-mdc-warning
|
|
@opindex no-mdc-warning
|
|
Suppress the warning about missing MDC integrity protection.
|
|
|
|
@item --require-secmem
|
|
@itemx --no-require-secmem
|
|
@opindex require-secmem
|
|
Refuse to run if GnuPG cannot get secure memory. Defaults to no
|
|
(i.e. run, but give a warning).
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item --require-cross-certification
|
|
@itemx --no-require-cross-certification
|
|
@opindex require-cross-certification
|
|
When verifying a signature made from a subkey, ensure that the cross
|
|
certification "back signature" on the subkey is present and valid. This
|
|
protects against a subtle attack against subkeys that can sign.
|
|
Defaults to @option{--require-cross-certification} for
|
|
@command{@gpgname}.
|
|
|
|
@item --expert
|
|
@itemx --no-expert
|
|
@opindex expert
|
|
Allow the user to do certain nonsensical or "silly" things like
|
|
signing an expired or revoked key, or certain potentially incompatible
|
|
things like generating unusual key types. This also disables certain
|
|
warning messages about potentially incompatible actions. As the name
|
|
implies, this option is for experts only. If you don't fully
|
|
understand the implications of what it allows you to do, leave this
|
|
off. @option{--no-expert} disables this option.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@c ******** KEY RELATED OPTIONS ************
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@node GPG Key related Options
|
|
@subsection Key related options
|
|
|
|
@table @gnupgtabopt
|
|
|
|
@item --recipient @var{name}
|
|
@itemx -r
|
|
@opindex recipient
|
|
Encrypt for user id @var{name}. If this option or
|
|
@option{--hidden-recipient} is not specified, GnuPG asks for the user-id
|
|
unless @option{--default-recipient} is given.
|
|
|
|
@item --hidden-recipient @var{name}
|
|
@itemx -R
|
|
@opindex hidden-recipient
|
|
Encrypt for user ID @var{name}, but hide the key ID of this user's
|
|
key. This option helps to hide the receiver of the message and is a
|
|
limited countermeasure against traffic analysis. If this option or
|
|
@option{--recipient} is not specified, GnuPG asks for the user ID unless
|
|
@option{--default-recipient} is given.
|
|
|
|
@item --encrypt-to @code{name}
|
|
@opindex encrypt-to
|
|
Same as @option{--recipient} but this one is intended for use in the
|
|
options file and may be used with your own user-id as an
|
|
"encrypt-to-self". These keys are only used when there are other
|
|
recipients given either by use of @option{--recipient} or by the asked
|
|
user id. No trust checking is performed for these user ids and even
|
|
disabled keys can be used.
|
|
|
|
@item --hidden-encrypt-to @code{name}
|
|
@opindex hidden-encrypt-to
|
|
Same as @option{--hidden-recipient} but this one is intended for use in the
|
|
options file and may be used with your own user-id as a hidden
|
|
"encrypt-to-self". These keys are only used when there are other
|
|
recipients given either by use of @option{--recipient} or by the asked user id.
|
|
No trust checking is performed for these user ids and even disabled
|
|
keys can be used.
|
|
|
|
@item --no-encrypt-to
|
|
@opindex no-encrypt-to
|
|
Disable the use of all @option{--encrypt-to} and
|
|
@option{--hidden-encrypt-to} keys.
|
|
|
|
@item --group @code{name=value1 }
|
|
@opindex group
|
|
Sets up a named group, which is similar to aliases in email programs.
|
|
Any time the group name is a recipient (@option{-r} or
|
|
@option{--recipient}), it will be expanded to the values
|
|
specified. Multiple groups with the same name are automatically merged
|
|
into a single group.
|
|
|
|
The values are @code{key IDs} or fingerprints, but any key description
|
|
is accepted. Note that a value with spaces in it will be treated as
|
|
two different values. Note also there is only one level of expansion
|
|
--- you cannot make an group that points to another group. When used
|
|
from the command line, it may be necessary to quote the argument to
|
|
this option to prevent the shell from treating it as multiple
|
|
arguments.
|
|
|
|
@item --ungroup @code{name}
|
|
@opindex ungroup
|
|
Remove a given entry from the @option{--group} list.
|
|
|
|
@item --no-groups
|
|
@opindex no-groups
|
|
Remove all entries from the @option{--group} list.
|
|
|
|
@item --local-user @var{name}
|
|
@itemx -u
|
|
@opindex local-user
|
|
Use @var{name} as the key to sign with. Note that this option overrides
|
|
@option{--default-key}.
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgtwoone
|
|
@item --try-secret-key @var{name}
|
|
@opindex try-secret-key
|
|
For hidden recipients GPG needs to know the keys to use for trial
|
|
decryption. The key set with @option{--default-key} is always tried
|
|
first, but this is often not sufficient. This option allows to set more
|
|
keys to be used for trial decryption. Although any valid user-id
|
|
specification may be used for @var{name} it makes sense to use at least
|
|
the long keyid to avoid ambiguities. Note that gpg-agent might pop up a
|
|
pinentry for a lot keys to do the trial decryption. If you want to stop
|
|
all further trial decryption you may use close-window button instead of
|
|
the cancel button.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@item --try-all-secrets
|
|
@opindex try-all-secrets
|
|
Don't look at the key ID as stored in the message but try all secret
|
|
keys in turn to find the right decryption key. This option forces the
|
|
behaviour as used by anonymous recipients (created by using
|
|
@option{--throw-keyids} or @option{--hidden-recipient}) and might come
|
|
handy in case where an encrypted message contains a bogus key ID.
|
|
|
|
@item --skip-hidden-recipients
|
|
@itemx --no-skip-hidden-recipients
|
|
@opindex skip-hidden-recipients
|
|
@opindex no-skip-hidden-recipients
|
|
During decryption skip all anonymous recipients. This option helps in
|
|
the case that people use the hidden recipients feature to hide there
|
|
own encrypt-to key from others. If oneself has many secret keys this
|
|
may lead to a major annoyance because all keys are tried in turn to
|
|
decrypt soemthing which was not really intended for it. The drawback
|
|
of this option is that it is currently not possible to decrypt a
|
|
message which includes real anonymous recipients.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@c ******** INPUT AND OUTPUT ***************
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@node GPG Input and Output
|
|
@subsection Input and Output
|
|
|
|
@table @gnupgtabopt
|
|
|
|
@item --armor
|
|
@itemx -a
|
|
@opindex armor
|
|
Create ASCII armored output. The default is to create the binary
|
|
OpenPGP format.
|
|
|
|
@item --no-armor
|
|
@opindex no-armor
|
|
Assume the input data is not in ASCII armored format.
|
|
|
|
@item --output @var{file}
|
|
@itemx -o @var{file}
|
|
@opindex output
|
|
Write output to @var{file}.
|
|
|
|
@item --max-output @code{n}
|
|
@opindex max-output
|
|
This option sets a limit on the number of bytes that will be generated
|
|
when processing a file. Since OpenPGP supports various levels of
|
|
compression, it is possible that the plaintext of a given message may be
|
|
significantly larger than the original OpenPGP message. While GnuPG
|
|
works properly with such messages, there is often a desire to set a
|
|
maximum file size that will be generated before processing is forced to
|
|
stop by the OS limits. Defaults to 0, which means "no limit".
|
|
|
|
@item --import-options @code{parameters}
|
|
@opindex import-options
|
|
This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options for
|
|
importing keys. Options can be prepended with a `no-' to give the
|
|
opposite meaning. The options are:
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item import-local-sigs
|
|
Allow importing key signatures marked as "local". This is not
|
|
generally useful unless a shared keyring scheme is being used.
|
|
Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item repair-pks-subkey-bug
|
|
During import, attempt to repair the damage caused by the PKS keyserver
|
|
bug (pre version 0.9.6) that mangles keys with multiple subkeys. Note
|
|
that this cannot completely repair the damaged key as some crucial data
|
|
is removed by the keyserver, but it does at least give you back one
|
|
subkey. Defaults to no for regular @option{--import} and to yes for
|
|
keyserver @option{--recv-keys}.
|
|
|
|
@item merge-only
|
|
During import, allow key updates to existing keys, but do not allow
|
|
any new keys to be imported. Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item import-clean
|
|
After import, compact (remove all signatures except the
|
|
self-signature) any user IDs from the new key that are not usable.
|
|
Then, remove any signatures from the new key that are not usable.
|
|
This includes signatures that were issued by keys that are not present
|
|
on the keyring. This option is the same as running the @option{--edit-key}
|
|
command "clean" after import. Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item import-minimal
|
|
Import the smallest key possible. This removes all signatures except
|
|
the most recent self-signature on each user ID. This option is the
|
|
same as running the @option{--edit-key} command "minimize" after import.
|
|
Defaults to no.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@item --export-options @code{parameters}
|
|
@opindex export-options
|
|
This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options for
|
|
exporting keys. Options can be prepended with a `no-' to give the
|
|
opposite meaning. The options are:
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item export-local-sigs
|
|
Allow exporting key signatures marked as "local". This is not
|
|
generally useful unless a shared keyring scheme is being used.
|
|
Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item export-attributes
|
|
Include attribute user IDs (photo IDs) while exporting. This is
|
|
useful to export keys if they are going to be used by an OpenPGP
|
|
program that does not accept attribute user IDs. Defaults to yes.
|
|
|
|
@item export-sensitive-revkeys
|
|
Include designated revoker information that was marked as
|
|
"sensitive". Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@c Since GnuPG 2.1 gpg-agent manages the secret key and thus the
|
|
@c export-reset-subkey-passwd hack is not anymore justified. Such use
|
|
@c cases need to be implemented using a specialized secret key export
|
|
@c tool.
|
|
@ifclear gpgtwoone
|
|
@item export-reset-subkey-passwd
|
|
When using the @option{--export-secret-subkeys} command, this option resets
|
|
the passphrases for all exported subkeys to empty. This is useful
|
|
when the exported subkey is to be used on an unattended machine where
|
|
a passphrase doesn't necessarily make sense. Defaults to no.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@item export-clean
|
|
Compact (remove all signatures from) user IDs on the key being
|
|
exported if the user IDs are not usable. Also, do not export any
|
|
signatures that are not usable. This includes signatures that were
|
|
issued by keys that are not present on the keyring. This option is
|
|
the same as running the @option{--edit-key} command "clean" before export
|
|
except that the local copy of the key is not modified. Defaults to
|
|
no.
|
|
|
|
@item export-minimal
|
|
Export the smallest key possible. This removes all signatures except the
|
|
most recent self-signature on each user ID. This option is the same as
|
|
running the @option{--edit-key} command "minimize" before export except
|
|
that the local copy of the key is not modified. Defaults to no.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@item --with-colons
|
|
@opindex with-colons
|
|
Print key listings delimited by colons. Note that the output will be
|
|
encoded in UTF-8 regardless of any @option{--display-charset} setting. This
|
|
format is useful when GnuPG is called from scripts and other programs
|
|
as it is easily machine parsed. The details of this format are
|
|
documented in the file @file{doc/DETAILS}, which is included in the GnuPG
|
|
source distribution.
|
|
|
|
@item --fixed-list-mode
|
|
@opindex fixed-list-mode
|
|
Do not merge primary user ID and primary key in @option{--with-colon}
|
|
listing mode and print all timestamps as seconds since 1970-01-01.
|
|
@ifclear gpgone
|
|
Since GnuPG 2.0.10, this mode is always used and thus this option is
|
|
obsolete; it does not harm to use it though.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgtwoone
|
|
@item --legacy-list-mode
|
|
@opindex legacy-list-mode
|
|
Revert to the pre-2.1 public key list mode. This only affects the
|
|
human readable output and not the machine interface
|
|
(i.e. @code{--with-colons}). Note that the legacy format does not
|
|
allow to convey suitable information for elliptic curves.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@item --with-fingerprint
|
|
@opindex with-fingerprint
|
|
Same as the command @option{--fingerprint} but changes only the format
|
|
of the output and may be used together with another command.
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgtwoone
|
|
@item --with-keygrip
|
|
@opindex with-keygrip
|
|
Include the keygrip in the key listings.
|
|
|
|
@item --with-secret
|
|
@opindex with-secret
|
|
Include info about the presence of a secret key in public key listings
|
|
done with @code{--with-colons}.
|
|
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@c ******** OPENPGP OPTIONS ****************
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@node OpenPGP Options
|
|
@subsection OpenPGP protocol specific options.
|
|
|
|
@table @gnupgtabopt
|
|
|
|
@item -t, --textmode
|
|
@itemx --no-textmode
|
|
@opindex textmode
|
|
Treat input files as text and store them in the OpenPGP canonical text
|
|
form with standard "CRLF" line endings. This also sets the necessary
|
|
flags to inform the recipient that the encrypted or signed data is text
|
|
and may need its line endings converted back to whatever the local
|
|
system uses. This option is useful when communicating between two
|
|
platforms that have different line ending conventions (UNIX-like to Mac,
|
|
Mac to Windows, etc). @option{--no-textmode} disables this option, and
|
|
is the default.
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgone
|
|
If @option{-t} (but not @option{--textmode}) is used together with
|
|
armoring and signing, this enables clearsigned messages. This kludge is
|
|
needed for command-line compatibility with command-line versions of PGP;
|
|
normally you would use @option{--sign} or @option{--clearsign} to select
|
|
the type of the signature.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@item --force-v3-sigs
|
|
@itemx --no-force-v3-sigs
|
|
@opindex force-v3-sigs
|
|
OpenPGP states that an implementation should generate v4 signatures
|
|
but PGP versions 5 through 7 only recognize v4 signatures on key
|
|
material. This option forces v3 signatures for signatures on data.
|
|
Note that this option implies @option{--no-ask-sig-expire}, and unsets
|
|
@option{--sig-policy-url}, @option{--sig-notation}, and
|
|
@option{--sig-keyserver-url}, as these features cannot be used with v3
|
|
signatures. @option{--no-force-v3-sigs} disables this option.
|
|
Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item --force-v4-certs
|
|
@itemx --no-force-v4-certs
|
|
@opindex force-v4-certs
|
|
Always use v4 key signatures even on v3 keys. This option also
|
|
changes the default hash algorithm for v3 RSA keys from MD5 to SHA-1.
|
|
@option{--no-force-v4-certs} disables this option.
|
|
|
|
@item --force-mdc
|
|
@opindex force-mdc
|
|
Force the use of encryption with a modification detection code. This
|
|
is always used with the newer ciphers (those with a blocksize greater
|
|
than 64 bits), or if all of the recipient keys indicate MDC support in
|
|
their feature flags.
|
|
|
|
@item --disable-mdc
|
|
@opindex disable-mdc
|
|
Disable the use of the modification detection code. Note that by
|
|
using this option, the encrypted message becomes vulnerable to a
|
|
message modification attack.
|
|
|
|
@item --personal-cipher-preferences @code{string}
|
|
@opindex personal-cipher-preferences
|
|
Set the list of personal cipher preferences to @code{string}. Use
|
|
@command{@gpgname --version} to get a list of available algorithms,
|
|
and use @code{none} to set no preference at all. This allows the user
|
|
to safely override the algorithm chosen by the recipient key
|
|
preferences, as GPG will only select an algorithm that is usable by
|
|
all recipients. The most highly ranked cipher in this list is also
|
|
used for the @option{--symmetric} encryption command.
|
|
|
|
@item --personal-digest-preferences @code{string}
|
|
@opindex personal-digest-preferences
|
|
Set the list of personal digest preferences to @code{string}. Use
|
|
@command{@gpgname --version} to get a list of available algorithms,
|
|
and use @code{none} to set no preference at all. This allows the user
|
|
to safely override the algorithm chosen by the recipient key
|
|
preferences, as GPG will only select an algorithm that is usable by
|
|
all recipients. The most highly ranked digest algorithm in this list
|
|
is also used when signing without encryption
|
|
(e.g. @option{--clearsign} or @option{--sign}).
|
|
|
|
@item --personal-compress-preferences @code{string}
|
|
@opindex personal-compress-preferences
|
|
Set the list of personal compression preferences to @code{string}.
|
|
Use @command{@gpgname --version} to get a list of available
|
|
algorithms, and use @code{none} to set no preference at all. This
|
|
allows the user to safely override the algorithm chosen by the
|
|
recipient key preferences, as GPG will only select an algorithm that
|
|
is usable by all recipients. The most highly ranked compression
|
|
algorithm in this list is also used when there are no recipient keys
|
|
to consider (e.g. @option{--symmetric}).
|
|
|
|
@item --s2k-cipher-algo @code{name}
|
|
@opindex s2k-cipher-algo
|
|
Use @code{name} as the cipher algorithm used to protect secret keys.
|
|
The default cipher is CAST5. This cipher is also used for
|
|
conventional encryption if @option{--personal-cipher-preferences} and
|
|
@option{--cipher-algo} is not given.
|
|
|
|
@item --s2k-digest-algo @code{name}
|
|
@opindex s2k-digest-algo
|
|
Use @code{name} as the digest algorithm used to mangle the passphrases.
|
|
The default algorithm is SHA-1.
|
|
|
|
@item --s2k-mode @code{n}
|
|
@opindex s2k-mode
|
|
Selects how passphrases are mangled. If @code{n} is 0 a plain
|
|
passphrase (which is not recommended) will be used, a 1 adds a salt to
|
|
the passphrase and a 3 (the default) iterates the whole process a
|
|
number of times (see --s2k-count). Unless @option{--rfc1991} is used,
|
|
this mode is also used for conventional encryption.
|
|
|
|
@item --s2k-count @code{n}
|
|
@opindex s2k-count
|
|
Specify how many times the passphrase mangling is repeated. This
|
|
value may range between 1024 and 65011712 inclusive. The default is
|
|
inquired from gpg-agent. Note that not all values in the
|
|
1024-65011712 range are legal and if an illegal value is selected,
|
|
GnuPG will round up to the nearest legal value. This option is only
|
|
meaningful if @option{--s2k-mode} is 3.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@c ***************************
|
|
@c ******* Compliance ********
|
|
@c ***************************
|
|
@node Compliance Options
|
|
@subsection Compliance options
|
|
|
|
These options control what GnuPG is compliant to. Only one of these
|
|
options may be active at a time. Note that the default setting of
|
|
this is nearly always the correct one. See the INTEROPERABILITY WITH
|
|
OTHER OPENPGP PROGRAMS section below before using one of these
|
|
options.
|
|
|
|
@table @gnupgtabopt
|
|
|
|
@item --gnupg
|
|
@opindex gnupg
|
|
Use standard GnuPG behavior. This is essentially OpenPGP behavior
|
|
(see @option{--openpgp}), but with some additional workarounds for common
|
|
compatibility problems in different versions of PGP. This is the
|
|
default option, so it is not generally needed, but it may be useful to
|
|
override a different compliance option in the gpg.conf file.
|
|
|
|
@item --openpgp
|
|
@opindex openpgp
|
|
Reset all packet, cipher and digest options to strict OpenPGP
|
|
behavior. Use this option to reset all previous options like
|
|
@option{--s2k-*}, @option{--cipher-algo}, @option{--digest-algo} and
|
|
@option{--compress-algo} to OpenPGP compliant values. All PGP
|
|
workarounds are disabled.
|
|
|
|
@item --rfc4880
|
|
@opindex rfc4880
|
|
Reset all packet, cipher and digest options to strict RFC-4880
|
|
behavior. Note that this is currently the same thing as
|
|
@option{--openpgp}.
|
|
|
|
@item --rfc2440
|
|
@opindex rfc2440
|
|
Reset all packet, cipher and digest options to strict RFC-2440
|
|
behavior.
|
|
|
|
@item --rfc1991
|
|
@opindex rfc1991
|
|
Try to be more RFC-1991 (PGP 2.x) compliant.
|
|
|
|
@item --pgp2
|
|
@opindex pgp2
|
|
Set up all options to be as PGP 2.x compliant as possible, and warn if
|
|
an action is taken (e.g. encrypting to a non-RSA key) that will create
|
|
a message that PGP 2.x will not be able to handle. Note that `PGP
|
|
2.x' here means `MIT PGP 2.6.2'. There are other versions of PGP 2.x
|
|
available, but the MIT release is a good common baseline.
|
|
|
|
This option implies
|
|
@ifset gpgone
|
|
@option{--rfc1991 --disable-mdc --no-force-v4-certs
|
|
--escape-from-lines --force-v3-sigs
|
|
--cipher-algo IDEA --digest-algo MD5 --compress-algo ZIP}.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
@ifclear gpgone
|
|
@option{--rfc1991 --disable-mdc --no-force-v4-certs
|
|
--escape-from-lines --force-v3-sigs --allow-weak-digest-algos
|
|
--cipher-algo IDEA --digest-algo MD5 --compress-algo ZIP}.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
It also disables @option{--textmode} when encrypting.
|
|
|
|
@item --pgp6
|
|
@opindex pgp6
|
|
Set up all options to be as PGP 6 compliant as possible. This
|
|
restricts you to the ciphers IDEA (if the IDEA plugin is installed),
|
|
3DES, and CAST5, the hashes MD5, SHA1 and RIPEMD160, and the
|
|
compression algorithms none and ZIP. This also disables
|
|
--throw-keyids, and making signatures with signing subkeys as PGP 6
|
|
does not understand signatures made by signing subkeys.
|
|
|
|
This option implies @option{--disable-mdc --escape-from-lines
|
|
--force-v3-sigs}.
|
|
|
|
@item --pgp7
|
|
@opindex pgp7
|
|
Set up all options to be as PGP 7 compliant as possible. This is
|
|
identical to @option{--pgp6} except that MDCs are not disabled, and the
|
|
list of allowable ciphers is expanded to add AES128, AES192, AES256, and
|
|
TWOFISH.
|
|
|
|
@item --pgp8
|
|
@opindex pgp8
|
|
Set up all options to be as PGP 8 compliant as possible. PGP 8 is a lot
|
|
closer to the OpenPGP standard than previous versions of PGP, so all
|
|
this does is disable @option{--throw-keyids} and set
|
|
@option{--escape-from-lines}. All algorithms are allowed except for the
|
|
SHA224, SHA384, and SHA512 digests.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@c ******** ESOTERIC OPTIONS ***************
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@node GPG Esoteric Options
|
|
@subsection Doing things one usually doesn't want to do.
|
|
|
|
@table @gnupgtabopt
|
|
|
|
@item -n
|
|
@itemx --dry-run
|
|
@opindex dry-run
|
|
Don't make any changes (this is not completely implemented).
|
|
|
|
@item --list-only
|
|
@opindex list-only
|
|
Changes the behaviour of some commands. This is like @option{--dry-run} but
|
|
different in some cases. The semantic of this command may be extended in
|
|
the future. Currently it only skips the actual decryption pass and
|
|
therefore enables a fast listing of the encryption keys.
|
|
|
|
@item -i
|
|
@itemx --interactive
|
|
@opindex interactive
|
|
Prompt before overwriting any files.
|
|
|
|
@item --debug-level @var{level}
|
|
@opindex debug-level
|
|
Select the debug level for investigating problems. @var{level} may be
|
|
a numeric value or by a keyword:
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item none
|
|
No debugging at all. A value of less than 1 may be used instead of
|
|
the keyword.
|
|
@item basic
|
|
Some basic debug messages. A value between 1 and 2 may be used
|
|
instead of the keyword.
|
|
@item advanced
|
|
More verbose debug messages. A value between 3 and 5 may be used
|
|
instead of the keyword.
|
|
@item expert
|
|
Even more detailed messages. A value between 6 and 8 may be used
|
|
instead of the keyword.
|
|
@item guru
|
|
All of the debug messages you can get. A value greater than 8 may be
|
|
used instead of the keyword. The creation of hash tracing files is
|
|
only enabled if the keyword is used.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
How these messages are mapped to the actual debugging flags is not
|
|
specified and may change with newer releases of this program. They are
|
|
however carefully selected to best aid in debugging.
|
|
|
|
@item --debug @var{flags}
|
|
@opindex debug
|
|
Set debugging flags. All flags are or-ed and @var{flags} may
|
|
be given in C syntax (e.g. 0x0042).
|
|
|
|
@item --debug-all
|
|
@opindex debug-all
|
|
Set all useful debugging flags.
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgone
|
|
@item --debug-ccid-driver
|
|
@opindex debug-ccid-driver
|
|
Enable debug output from the included CCID driver for smartcards.
|
|
Note that this option is only available on some system.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@item --faked-system-time @var{epoch}
|
|
@opindex faked-system-time
|
|
This option is only useful for testing; it sets the system time back or
|
|
forth to @var{epoch} which is the number of seconds elapsed since the year
|
|
1970. Alternatively @var{epoch} may be given as a full ISO time string
|
|
(e.g. "20070924T154812").
|
|
|
|
@item --enable-progress-filter
|
|
@opindex enable-progress-filter
|
|
Enable certain PROGRESS status outputs. This option allows frontends
|
|
to display a progress indicator while gpg is processing larger files.
|
|
There is a slight performance overhead using it.
|
|
|
|
@item --status-fd @code{n}
|
|
@opindex status-fd
|
|
Write special status strings to the file descriptor @code{n}.
|
|
See the file DETAILS in the documentation for a listing of them.
|
|
|
|
@item --status-file @code{file}
|
|
@opindex status-file
|
|
Same as @option{--status-fd}, except the status data is written to file
|
|
@code{file}.
|
|
|
|
@item --logger-fd @code{n}
|
|
@opindex logger-fd
|
|
Write log output to file descriptor @code{n} and not to STDERR.
|
|
|
|
@item --log-file @code{file}
|
|
@itemx --logger-file @code{file}
|
|
@opindex log-file
|
|
Same as @option{--logger-fd}, except the logger data is written to file
|
|
@code{file}. Note that @option{--log-file} is only implemented for
|
|
GnuPG-2.
|
|
|
|
@item --attribute-fd @code{n}
|
|
@opindex attribute-fd
|
|
Write attribute subpackets to the file descriptor @code{n}. This is most
|
|
useful for use with @option{--status-fd}, since the status messages are
|
|
needed to separate out the various subpackets from the stream delivered
|
|
to the file descriptor.
|
|
|
|
@item --attribute-file @code{file}
|
|
@opindex attribute-file
|
|
Same as @option{--attribute-fd}, except the attribute data is written to
|
|
file @code{file}.
|
|
|
|
@item --comment @code{string}
|
|
@itemx --no-comments
|
|
@opindex comment
|
|
Use @code{string} as a comment string in clear text signatures and ASCII
|
|
armored messages or keys (see @option{--armor}). The default behavior is
|
|
not to use a comment string. @option{--comment} may be repeated multiple
|
|
times to get multiple comment strings. @option{--no-comments} removes
|
|
all comments. It is a good idea to keep the length of a single comment
|
|
below 60 characters to avoid problems with mail programs wrapping such
|
|
lines. Note that comment lines, like all other header lines, are not
|
|
protected by the signature.
|
|
|
|
@item --emit-version
|
|
@itemx --no-emit-version
|
|
@opindex emit-version
|
|
Force inclusion of the version string in ASCII armored output. If
|
|
given once only the name of the program and the major number is
|
|
emitted (default), given twice the minor is also emitted, given triple
|
|
the micro is added, and given quad an operating system identification
|
|
is also emitted. @option{--no-emit-version} disables the version
|
|
line.
|
|
|
|
@item --sig-notation @code{name=value}
|
|
@itemx --cert-notation @code{name=value}
|
|
@itemx -N, --set-notation @code{name=value}
|
|
@opindex sig-notation
|
|
@opindex cert-notation
|
|
@opindex set-notation
|
|
Put the name value pair into the signature as notation data.
|
|
@code{name} must consist only of printable characters or spaces, and
|
|
must contain a '@@' character in the form keyname@@domain.example.com
|
|
(substituting the appropriate keyname and domain name, of course). This
|
|
is to help prevent pollution of the IETF reserved notation
|
|
namespace. The @option{--expert} flag overrides the '@@'
|
|
check. @code{value} may be any printable string; it will be encoded in
|
|
UTF8, so you should check that your @option{--display-charset} is set
|
|
correctly. If you prefix @code{name} with an exclamation mark (!), the
|
|
notation data will be flagged as critical
|
|
(rfc4880:5.2.3.16). @option{--sig-notation} sets a notation for data
|
|
signatures. @option{--cert-notation} sets a notation for key signatures
|
|
(certifications). @option{--set-notation} sets both.
|
|
|
|
There are special codes that may be used in notation names. "%k" will
|
|
be expanded into the key ID of the key being signed, "%K" into the
|
|
long key ID of the key being signed, "%f" into the fingerprint of the
|
|
key being signed, "%s" into the key ID of the key making the
|
|
signature, "%S" into the long key ID of the key making the signature,
|
|
"%g" into the fingerprint of the key making the signature (which might
|
|
be a subkey), "%p" into the fingerprint of the primary key of the key
|
|
making the signature, "%c" into the signature count from the OpenPGP
|
|
smartcard, and "%%" results in a single "%". %k, %K, and %f are only
|
|
meaningful when making a key signature (certification), and %c is only
|
|
meaningful when using the OpenPGP smartcard.
|
|
|
|
@item --sig-policy-url @code{string}
|
|
@itemx --cert-policy-url @code{string}
|
|
@itemx --set-policy-url @code{string}
|
|
@opindex sig-policy-url
|
|
@opindex cert-policy-url
|
|
@opindex set-policy-url
|
|
Use @code{string} as a Policy URL for signatures (rfc4880:5.2.3.20). If
|
|
you prefix it with an exclamation mark (!), the policy URL packet will
|
|
be flagged as critical. @option{--sig-policy-url} sets a policy url for
|
|
data signatures. @option{--cert-policy-url} sets a policy url for key
|
|
signatures (certifications). @option{--set-policy-url} sets both.
|
|
|
|
The same %-expandos used for notation data are available here as well.
|
|
|
|
@item --sig-keyserver-url @code{string}
|
|
@opindex sig-keyserver-url
|
|
Use @code{string} as a preferred keyserver URL for data signatures. If
|
|
you prefix it with an exclamation mark (!), the keyserver URL packet
|
|
will be flagged as critical.
|
|
|
|
The same %-expandos used for notation data are available here as well.
|
|
|
|
@item --set-filename @code{string}
|
|
@opindex set-filename
|
|
Use @code{string} as the filename which is stored inside messages.
|
|
This overrides the default, which is to use the actual filename of the
|
|
file being encrypted.
|
|
|
|
@item --for-your-eyes-only
|
|
@itemx --no-for-your-eyes-only
|
|
@opindex for-your-eyes-only
|
|
Set the `for your eyes only' flag in the message. This causes GnuPG to
|
|
refuse to save the file unless the @option{--output} option is given,
|
|
and PGP to use a "secure viewer" with a claimed Tempest-resistant font
|
|
to display the message. This option overrides @option{--set-filename}.
|
|
@option{--no-for-your-eyes-only} disables this option.
|
|
|
|
@item --use-embedded-filename
|
|
@itemx --no-use-embedded-filename
|
|
@opindex use-embedded-filename
|
|
Try to create a file with a name as embedded in the data. This can be
|
|
a dangerous option as it allows to overwrite files. Defaults to no.
|
|
|
|
@item --cipher-algo @code{name}
|
|
@opindex cipher-algo
|
|
Use @code{name} as cipher algorithm. Running the program with the
|
|
command @option{--version} yields a list of supported algorithms. If
|
|
this is not used the cipher algorithm is selected from the preferences
|
|
stored with the key. In general, you do not want to use this option as
|
|
it allows you to violate the OpenPGP standard.
|
|
@option{--personal-cipher-preferences} is the safe way to accomplish the
|
|
same thing.
|
|
|
|
@item --digest-algo @code{name}
|
|
@opindex digest-algo
|
|
Use @code{name} as the message digest algorithm. Running the program
|
|
with the command @option{--version} yields a list of supported algorithms. In
|
|
general, you do not want to use this option as it allows you to
|
|
violate the OpenPGP standard. @option{--personal-digest-preferences} is the
|
|
safe way to accomplish the same thing.
|
|
|
|
@item --compress-algo @code{name}
|
|
@opindex compress-algo
|
|
Use compression algorithm @code{name}. "zlib" is RFC-1950 ZLIB
|
|
compression. "zip" is RFC-1951 ZIP compression which is used by PGP.
|
|
"bzip2" is a more modern compression scheme that can compress some
|
|
things better than zip or zlib, but at the cost of more memory used
|
|
during compression and decompression. "uncompressed" or "none"
|
|
disables compression. If this option is not used, the default
|
|
behavior is to examine the recipient key preferences to see which
|
|
algorithms the recipient supports. If all else fails, ZIP is used for
|
|
maximum compatibility.
|
|
|
|
ZLIB may give better compression results than ZIP, as the compression
|
|
window size is not limited to 8k. BZIP2 may give even better
|
|
compression results than that, but will use a significantly larger
|
|
amount of memory while compressing and decompressing. This may be
|
|
significant in low memory situations. Note, however, that PGP (all
|
|
versions) only supports ZIP compression. Using any algorithm other
|
|
than ZIP or "none" will make the message unreadable with PGP. In
|
|
general, you do not want to use this option as it allows you to
|
|
violate the OpenPGP standard. @option{--personal-compress-preferences} is the
|
|
safe way to accomplish the same thing.
|
|
|
|
@item --cert-digest-algo @code{name}
|
|
@opindex cert-digest-algo
|
|
Use @code{name} as the message digest algorithm used when signing a
|
|
key. Running the program with the command @option{--version} yields a
|
|
list of supported algorithms. Be aware that if you choose an algorithm
|
|
that GnuPG supports but other OpenPGP implementations do not, then some
|
|
users will not be able to use the key signatures you make, or quite
|
|
possibly your entire key.
|
|
|
|
@item --disable-cipher-algo @code{name}
|
|
@opindex disable-cipher-algo
|
|
Never allow the use of @code{name} as cipher algorithm.
|
|
The given name will not be checked so that a later loaded algorithm
|
|
will still get disabled.
|
|
|
|
@item --disable-pubkey-algo @code{name}
|
|
@opindex disable-pubkey-algo
|
|
Never allow the use of @code{name} as public key algorithm.
|
|
The given name will not be checked so that a later loaded algorithm
|
|
will still get disabled.
|
|
|
|
@item --throw-keyids
|
|
@itemx --no-throw-keyids
|
|
@opindex throw-keyids
|
|
Do not put the recipient key IDs into encrypted messages. This helps to
|
|
hide the receivers of the message and is a limited countermeasure
|
|
against traffic analysis.@footnote{Using a little social engineering
|
|
anyone who is able to decrypt the message can check whether one of the
|
|
other recipients is the one he suspects.} On the receiving side, it may
|
|
slow down the decryption process because all available secret keys must
|
|
be tried. @option{--no-throw-keyids} disables this option. This option
|
|
is essentially the same as using @option{--hidden-recipient} for all
|
|
recipients.
|
|
|
|
@item --not-dash-escaped
|
|
@opindex not-dash-escaped
|
|
This option changes the behavior of cleartext signatures
|
|
so that they can be used for patch files. You should not
|
|
send such an armored file via email because all spaces
|
|
and line endings are hashed too. You can not use this
|
|
option for data which has 5 dashes at the beginning of a
|
|
line, patch files don't have this. A special armor header
|
|
line tells GnuPG about this cleartext signature option.
|
|
|
|
@item --escape-from-lines
|
|
@itemx --no-escape-from-lines
|
|
@opindex escape-from-lines
|
|
Because some mailers change lines starting with "From " to ">From " it
|
|
is good to handle such lines in a special way when creating cleartext
|
|
signatures to prevent the mail system from breaking the signature. Note
|
|
that all other PGP versions do it this way too. Enabled by
|
|
default. @option{--no-escape-from-lines} disables this option.
|
|
|
|
@item --passphrase-repeat @code{n}
|
|
@opindex passphrase-repeat
|
|
Specify how many times @command{@gpgname} will request a new
|
|
passphrase be repeated. This is useful for helping memorize a
|
|
passphrase. Defaults to 1 repetition.
|
|
|
|
@item --passphrase-fd @code{n}
|
|
@opindex passphrase-fd
|
|
Read the passphrase from file descriptor @code{n}. Only the first line
|
|
will be read from file descriptor @code{n}. If you use 0 for @code{n},
|
|
the passphrase will be read from STDIN. This can only be used if only
|
|
one passphrase is supplied.
|
|
@ifclear gpgone
|
|
Note that this passphrase is only used if the option @option{--batch}
|
|
has also been given. This is different from @command{gpg}.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@item --passphrase-file @code{file}
|
|
@opindex passphrase-file
|
|
Read the passphrase from file @code{file}. Only the first line will
|
|
be read from file @code{file}. This can only be used if only one
|
|
passphrase is supplied. Obviously, a passphrase stored in a file is
|
|
of questionable security if other users can read this file. Don't use
|
|
this option if you can avoid it.
|
|
@ifclear gpgone
|
|
Note that this passphrase is only used if the option @option{--batch}
|
|
has also been given. This is different from @command{gpg}.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@item --passphrase @code{string}
|
|
@opindex passphrase
|
|
Use @code{string} as the passphrase. This can only be used if only one
|
|
passphrase is supplied. Obviously, this is of very questionable
|
|
security on a multi-user system. Don't use this option if you can
|
|
avoid it.
|
|
@ifclear gpgone
|
|
Note that this passphrase is only used if the option @option{--batch}
|
|
has also been given. This is different from @command{gpg}.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgtwoone
|
|
@item --pinentry-mode @code{mode}
|
|
@opindex pinentry-mode
|
|
Set the pinentry mode to @code{mode}. Allowed values for @code{mode}
|
|
are:
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@item default
|
|
Use the default of the agent, which is @code{ask}.
|
|
@item ask
|
|
Force the use of the Pinentry.
|
|
@item cancel
|
|
Emulate use of Pinentry's cancel button.
|
|
@item error
|
|
Return a Pinentry error (``No Pinentry'').
|
|
@item loopback
|
|
Redirect Pinentry queries to the caller. Note that in contrast to
|
|
Pinentry the user is not prompted again if he enters a bad password.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@item --command-fd @code{n}
|
|
@opindex command-fd
|
|
This is a replacement for the deprecated shared-memory IPC mode.
|
|
If this option is enabled, user input on questions is not expected
|
|
from the TTY but from the given file descriptor. It should be used
|
|
together with @option{--status-fd}. See the file doc/DETAILS in the source
|
|
distribution for details on how to use it.
|
|
|
|
@item --command-file @code{file}
|
|
@opindex command-file
|
|
Same as @option{--command-fd}, except the commands are read out of file
|
|
@code{file}
|
|
|
|
@item --allow-non-selfsigned-uid
|
|
@itemx --no-allow-non-selfsigned-uid
|
|
@opindex allow-non-selfsigned-uid
|
|
Allow the import and use of keys with user IDs which are not
|
|
self-signed. This is not recommended, as a non self-signed user ID is
|
|
trivial to forge. @option{--no-allow-non-selfsigned-uid} disables.
|
|
|
|
@item --allow-freeform-uid
|
|
@opindex allow-freeform-uid
|
|
Disable all checks on the form of the user ID while generating a new
|
|
one. This option should only be used in very special environments as
|
|
it does not ensure the de-facto standard format of user IDs.
|
|
|
|
@item --ignore-time-conflict
|
|
@opindex ignore-time-conflict
|
|
GnuPG normally checks that the timestamps associated with keys and
|
|
signatures have plausible values. However, sometimes a signature
|
|
seems to be older than the key due to clock problems. This option
|
|
makes these checks just a warning. See also @option{--ignore-valid-from} for
|
|
timestamp issues on subkeys.
|
|
|
|
@item --ignore-valid-from
|
|
@opindex ignore-valid-from
|
|
GnuPG normally does not select and use subkeys created in the future.
|
|
This option allows the use of such keys and thus exhibits the
|
|
pre-1.0.7 behaviour. You should not use this option unless there
|
|
is some clock problem. See also @option{--ignore-time-conflict} for timestamp
|
|
issues with signatures.
|
|
|
|
@item --ignore-crc-error
|
|
@opindex ignore-crc-error
|
|
The ASCII armor used by OpenPGP is protected by a CRC checksum against
|
|
transmission errors. Occasionally the CRC gets mangled somewhere on
|
|
the transmission channel but the actual content (which is protected by
|
|
the OpenPGP protocol anyway) is still okay. This option allows GnuPG
|
|
to ignore CRC errors.
|
|
|
|
@item --ignore-mdc-error
|
|
@opindex ignore-mdc-error
|
|
This option changes a MDC integrity protection failure into a warning.
|
|
This can be useful if a message is partially corrupt, but it is
|
|
necessary to get as much data as possible out of the corrupt message.
|
|
However, be aware that a MDC protection failure may also mean that the
|
|
message was tampered with intentionally by an attacker.
|
|
|
|
@ifclear gpgone
|
|
@item --allow-weak-digest-algos
|
|
@opindex allow-weak-digest-algos
|
|
Signatures made with the broken MD5 algorithm are normally rejected
|
|
with an ``invalid digest algorithm'' message. This option allows the
|
|
verification of signatures made with such weak algorithms.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@item --no-default-keyring
|
|
@opindex no-default-keyring
|
|
Do not add the default keyrings to the list of keyrings. Note that
|
|
GnuPG will not operate without any keyrings, so if you use this option
|
|
and do not provide alternate keyrings via @option{--keyring} or
|
|
@option{--secret-keyring}, then GnuPG will still use the default public or
|
|
secret keyrings.
|
|
|
|
@item --skip-verify
|
|
@opindex skip-verify
|
|
Skip the signature verification step. This may be
|
|
used to make the decryption faster if the signature
|
|
verification is not needed.
|
|
|
|
@item --with-key-data
|
|
@opindex with-key-data
|
|
Print key listings delimited by colons (like @option{--with-colons}) and
|
|
print the public key data.
|
|
|
|
@item --fast-list-mode
|
|
@opindex fast-list-mode
|
|
Changes the output of the list commands to work faster; this is achieved
|
|
by leaving some parts empty. Some applications don't need the user ID
|
|
and the trust information given in the listings. By using this options
|
|
they can get a faster listing. The exact behaviour of this option may
|
|
change in future versions. If you are missing some information, don't
|
|
use this option.
|
|
|
|
@item --no-literal
|
|
@opindex no-literal
|
|
This is not for normal use. Use the source to see for what it might be useful.
|
|
|
|
@item --set-filesize
|
|
@opindex set-filesize
|
|
This is not for normal use. Use the source to see for what it might be useful.
|
|
|
|
@item --show-session-key
|
|
@opindex show-session-key
|
|
Display the session key used for one message. See
|
|
@option{--override-session-key} for the counterpart of this option.
|
|
|
|
We think that Key Escrow is a Bad Thing; however the user should have
|
|
the freedom to decide whether to go to prison or to reveal the content
|
|
of one specific message without compromising all messages ever
|
|
encrypted for one secret key. DON'T USE IT UNLESS YOU ARE REALLY
|
|
FORCED TO DO SO.
|
|
|
|
@item --override-session-key @code{string}
|
|
@opindex override-session-key
|
|
Don't use the public key but the session key @code{string}. The format
|
|
of this string is the same as the one printed by
|
|
@option{--show-session-key}. This option is normally not used but comes
|
|
handy in case someone forces you to reveal the content of an encrypted
|
|
message; using this option you can do this without handing out the
|
|
secret key.
|
|
|
|
@item --ask-sig-expire
|
|
@itemx --no-ask-sig-expire
|
|
@opindex ask-sig-expire
|
|
When making a data signature, prompt for an expiration time. If this
|
|
option is not specified, the expiration time set via
|
|
@option{--default-sig-expire} is used. @option{--no-ask-sig-expire}
|
|
disables this option.
|
|
|
|
@item --default-sig-expire
|
|
@opindex default-sig-expire
|
|
The default expiration time to use for signature expiration. Valid
|
|
values are "0" for no expiration, a number followed by the letter d
|
|
(for days), w (for weeks), m (for months), or y (for years) (for
|
|
example "2m" for two months, or "5y" for five years), or an absolute
|
|
date in the form YYYY-MM-DD. Defaults to "0".
|
|
|
|
@item --ask-cert-expire
|
|
@itemx --no-ask-cert-expire
|
|
@opindex ask-cert-expire
|
|
When making a key signature, prompt for an expiration time. If this
|
|
option is not specified, the expiration time set via
|
|
@option{--default-cert-expire} is used. @option{--no-ask-cert-expire}
|
|
disables this option.
|
|
|
|
@item --default-cert-expire
|
|
@opindex default-cert-expire
|
|
The default expiration time to use for key signature expiration.
|
|
Valid values are "0" for no expiration, a number followed by the
|
|
letter d (for days), w (for weeks), m (for months), or y (for years)
|
|
(for example "2m" for two months, or "5y" for five years), or an
|
|
absolute date in the form YYYY-MM-DD. Defaults to "0".
|
|
|
|
@item --allow-secret-key-import
|
|
@opindex allow-secret-key-import
|
|
This is an obsolete option and is not used anywhere.
|
|
|
|
@item --allow-multiple-messages
|
|
@item --no-allow-multiple-messages
|
|
@opindex allow-multiple-messages
|
|
Allow processing of multiple OpenPGP messages contained in a single file
|
|
or stream. Some programs that call GPG are not prepared to deal with
|
|
multiple messages being processed together, so this option defaults to
|
|
no. Note that versions of GPG prior to 1.4.7 always allowed multiple
|
|
messages.
|
|
|
|
Warning: Do not use this option unless you need it as a temporary
|
|
workaround!
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item --enable-special-filenames
|
|
@opindex enable-special-filenames
|
|
This options enables a mode in which filenames of the form
|
|
@file{-&n}, where n is a non-negative decimal number,
|
|
refer to the file descriptor n and not to a file with that name.
|
|
|
|
@item --no-expensive-trust-checks
|
|
@opindex no-expensive-trust-checks
|
|
Experimental use only.
|
|
|
|
@item --preserve-permissions
|
|
@opindex preserve-permissions
|
|
Don't change the permissions of a secret keyring back to user
|
|
read/write only. Use this option only if you really know what you are doing.
|
|
|
|
@item --default-preference-list @code{string}
|
|
@opindex default-preference-list
|
|
Set the list of default preferences to @code{string}. This preference
|
|
list is used for new keys and becomes the default for "setpref" in the
|
|
edit menu.
|
|
|
|
@item --default-keyserver-url @code{name}
|
|
@opindex default-keyserver-url
|
|
Set the default keyserver URL to @code{name}. This keyserver will be
|
|
used as the keyserver URL when writing a new self-signature on a key,
|
|
which includes key generation and changing preferences.
|
|
|
|
@item --list-config
|
|
@opindex list-config
|
|
Display various internal configuration parameters of GnuPG. This option
|
|
is intended for external programs that call GnuPG to perform tasks, and
|
|
is thus not generally useful. See the file @file{doc/DETAILS} in the
|
|
source distribution for the details of which configuration items may be
|
|
listed. @option{--list-config} is only usable with
|
|
@option{--with-colons} set.
|
|
|
|
@item --gpgconf-list
|
|
@opindex gpgconf-list
|
|
This command is similar to @option{--list-config} but in general only
|
|
internally used by the @command{gpgconf} tool.
|
|
|
|
@item --gpgconf-test
|
|
@opindex gpgconf-test
|
|
This is more or less dummy action. However it parses the configuration
|
|
file and returns with failure if the configuration file would prevent
|
|
@command{gpg} from startup. Thus it may be used to run a syntax check
|
|
on the configuration file.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@c *******************************
|
|
@c ******* Deprecated ************
|
|
@c *******************************
|
|
@node Deprecated Options
|
|
@subsection Deprecated options
|
|
|
|
@table @gnupgtabopt
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgone
|
|
@item --load-extension @code{name}
|
|
@opindex load-extension
|
|
Load an extension module. If @code{name} does not contain a slash it is
|
|
searched for in the directory configured when GnuPG was built
|
|
(generally "/usr/local/lib/gnupg"). Extensions are not generally
|
|
useful anymore, and the use of this option is deprecated.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@item --show-photos
|
|
@itemx --no-show-photos
|
|
@opindex show-photos
|
|
Causes @option{--list-keys}, @option{--list-sigs},
|
|
@option{--list-public-keys}, @option{--list-secret-keys}, and verifying
|
|
a signature to also display the photo ID attached to the key, if
|
|
any. See also @option{--photo-viewer}. These options are deprecated. Use
|
|
@option{--list-options [no-]show-photos} and/or @option{--verify-options
|
|
[no-]show-photos} instead.
|
|
|
|
@item --show-keyring
|
|
@opindex show-keyring
|
|
Display the keyring name at the head of key listings to show which
|
|
keyring a given key resides on. This option is deprecated: use
|
|
@option{--list-options [no-]show-keyring} instead.
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgone
|
|
@item --ctapi-driver @code{file}
|
|
@opindex ctapi-driver
|
|
Use @code{file} to access the smartcard reader. The current default
|
|
is `libtowitoko.so'. Note that the use of this interface is
|
|
deprecated; it may be removed in future releases.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@item --always-trust
|
|
@opindex always-trust
|
|
Identical to @option{--trust-model always}. This option is deprecated.
|
|
|
|
@item --show-notation
|
|
@itemx --no-show-notation
|
|
@opindex show-notation
|
|
Show signature notations in the @option{--list-sigs} or @option{--check-sigs} listings
|
|
as well as when verifying a signature with a notation in it. These
|
|
options are deprecated. Use @option{--list-options [no-]show-notation}
|
|
and/or @option{--verify-options [no-]show-notation} instead.
|
|
|
|
@item --show-policy-url
|
|
@itemx --no-show-policy-url
|
|
@opindex show-policy-url
|
|
Show policy URLs in the @option{--list-sigs} or @option{--check-sigs}
|
|
listings as well as when verifying a signature with a policy URL in
|
|
it. These options are deprecated. Use @option{--list-options
|
|
[no-]show-policy-url} and/or @option{--verify-options
|
|
[no-]show-policy-url} instead.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@c *************** ****************
|
|
@c *************** FILES ****************
|
|
@c *************** ****************
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@mansect files
|
|
@node GPG Configuration
|
|
@section Configuration files
|
|
|
|
There are a few configuration files to control certain aspects of
|
|
@command{@gpgname}'s operation. Unless noted, they are expected in the
|
|
current home directory (@pxref{option --homedir}).
|
|
|
|
@table @file
|
|
|
|
@item gpg.conf
|
|
@cindex gpg.conf
|
|
This is the standard configuration file read by @command{@gpgname} on
|
|
startup. It may contain any valid long option; the leading two dashes
|
|
may not be entered and the option may not be abbreviated. This default
|
|
name may be changed on the command line (@pxref{gpg-option --options}).
|
|
You should backup this file.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@c man:.RE
|
|
Note that on larger installations, it is useful to put predefined files
|
|
into the directory @file{/etc/skel/.gnupg/} so that newly created users
|
|
start up with a working configuration.
|
|
@ifclear gpgone
|
|
For existing users the a small
|
|
helper script is provided to create these files (@pxref{addgnupghome}).
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
For internal purposes @command{@gpgname} creates and maintains a few other
|
|
files; They all live in in the current home directory (@pxref{option
|
|
--homedir}). Only the @command{@gpgname} may modify these files.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@table @file
|
|
@item ~/.gnupg/pubring.gpg
|
|
The public keyring. You should backup this file.
|
|
|
|
@item ~/.gnupg/pubring.gpg.lock
|
|
The lock file for the public keyring.
|
|
|
|
@ifset gpgtwoone
|
|
@item ~/.gnupg/pubring.kbx
|
|
The public keyring using a different format. This file is sharred
|
|
with @command{gpgsm}. You should backup this file.
|
|
|
|
@item ~/.gnupg/pubring.kbx.lock
|
|
The lock file for @file{pubring.kbx}.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@item ~/.gnupg/secring.gpg
|
|
@ifclear gpgtwoone
|
|
The secret keyring. You should backup this file.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
@ifset gpgtwoone
|
|
A secret keyring as used by GnuPG versions before 2.1. It is not
|
|
used by GnuPG 2.1 and later.
|
|
|
|
@item ~/.gnupg/.gpg-v21-migrated
|
|
File indicating that a migration to GnuPG 2.1 has taken place.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@item ~/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg
|
|
The trust database. There is no need to backup this file; it is better
|
|
to backup the ownertrust values (@pxref{option --export-ownertrust}).
|
|
|
|
@item ~/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg.lock
|
|
The lock file for the trust database.
|
|
|
|
@item ~/.gnupg/random_seed
|
|
A file used to preserve the state of the internal random pool.
|
|
|
|
@item ~/.gnupg/secring.gpg.lock
|
|
The lock file for the secret keyring.
|
|
|
|
@item /usr[/local]/share/gnupg/options.skel
|
|
The skeleton options file.
|
|
|
|
@item /usr[/local]/lib/gnupg/
|
|
Default location for extensions.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@c man:.RE
|
|
Operation is further controlled by a few environment variables:
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item HOME
|
|
Used to locate the default home directory.
|
|
|
|
@item GNUPGHOME
|
|
If set directory used instead of "~/.gnupg".
|
|
|
|
@item GPG_AGENT_INFO
|
|
Used to locate the gpg-agent.
|
|
@ifset gpgone
|
|
This is only honored when @option{--use-agent} is set.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
The value consists of 3 colon delimited fields: The first is the path
|
|
to the Unix Domain Socket, the second the PID of the gpg-agent and the
|
|
protocol version which should be set to 1. When starting the gpg-agent
|
|
as described in its documentation, this variable is set to the correct
|
|
value. The option @option{--gpg-agent-info} can be used to override it.
|
|
|
|
@item PINENTRY_USER_DATA
|
|
This value is passed via gpg-agent to pinentry. It is useful to convey
|
|
extra information to a custom pinentry.
|
|
|
|
@item COLUMNS
|
|
@itemx LINES
|
|
Used to size some displays to the full size of the screen.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item LANGUAGE
|
|
Apart from its use by GNU, it is used in the W32 version to override the
|
|
language selection done through the Registry. If used and set to a
|
|
valid and available language name (@var{langid}), the file with the
|
|
translation is loaded from
|
|
|
|
@code{@var{gpgdir}/gnupg.nls/@var{langid}.mo}. Here @var{gpgdir} is the
|
|
directory out of which the gpg binary has been loaded. If it can't be
|
|
loaded the Registry is tried and as last resort the native Windows
|
|
locale system is used.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@c *************** ****************
|
|
@c *************** EXAMPLES ****************
|
|
@c *************** ****************
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@mansect examples
|
|
@node GPG Examples
|
|
@section Examples
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item gpg -se -r @code{Bob} @code{file}
|
|
sign and encrypt for user Bob
|
|
|
|
@item gpg --clearsign @code{file}
|
|
make a clear text signature
|
|
|
|
@item gpg -sb @code{file}
|
|
make a detached signature
|
|
|
|
@item gpg -u 0x12345678 -sb @code{file}
|
|
make a detached signature with the key 0x12345678
|
|
|
|
@item gpg --list-keys @code{user_ID}
|
|
show keys
|
|
|
|
@item gpg --fingerprint @code{user_ID}
|
|
show fingerprint
|
|
|
|
@item gpg --verify @code{pgpfile}
|
|
@itemx gpg --verify @code{sigfile}
|
|
Verify the signature of the file but do not output the data. The
|
|
second form is used for detached signatures, where @code{sigfile}
|
|
is the detached signature (either ASCII armored or binary) and
|
|
are the signed data; if this is not given, the name of
|
|
the file holding the signed data is constructed by cutting off the
|
|
extension (".asc" or ".sig") of @code{sigfile} or by asking the
|
|
user for the filename.
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@c *************** ****************
|
|
@c *************** USER ID ****************
|
|
@c *************** ****************
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@mansect how to specify a user id
|
|
@ifset isman
|
|
@include specify-user-id.texi
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@mansect return value
|
|
@chapheading RETURN VALUE
|
|
|
|
The program returns 0 if everything was fine, 1 if at least
|
|
a signature was bad, and other error codes for fatal errors.
|
|
|
|
@mansect warnings
|
|
@chapheading WARNINGS
|
|
|
|
Use a *good* password for your user account and a *good* passphrase
|
|
to protect your secret key. This passphrase is the weakest part of the
|
|
whole system. Programs to do dictionary attacks on your secret keyring
|
|
are very easy to write and so you should protect your "~/.gnupg/"
|
|
directory very well.
|
|
|
|
Keep in mind that, if this program is used over a network (telnet), it
|
|
is *very* easy to spy out your passphrase!
|
|
|
|
If you are going to verify detached signatures, make sure that the
|
|
program knows about it; either give both filenames on the command line
|
|
or use @samp{-} to specify STDIN.
|
|
|
|
@mansect interoperability
|
|
@chapheading INTEROPERABILITY WITH OTHER OPENPGP PROGRAMS
|
|
|
|
GnuPG tries to be a very flexible implementation of the OpenPGP
|
|
standard. In particular, GnuPG implements many of the optional parts
|
|
of the standard, such as the SHA-512 hash, and the ZLIB and BZIP2
|
|
compression algorithms. It is important to be aware that not all
|
|
OpenPGP programs implement these optional algorithms and that by
|
|
forcing their use via the @option{--cipher-algo},
|
|
@option{--digest-algo}, @option{--cert-digest-algo}, or
|
|
@option{--compress-algo} options in GnuPG, it is possible to create a
|
|
perfectly valid OpenPGP message, but one that cannot be read by the
|
|
intended recipient.
|
|
|
|
There are dozens of variations of OpenPGP programs available, and each
|
|
supports a slightly different subset of these optional algorithms.
|
|
For example, until recently, no (unhacked) version of PGP supported
|
|
the BLOWFISH cipher algorithm. A message using BLOWFISH simply could
|
|
not be read by a PGP user. By default, GnuPG uses the standard
|
|
OpenPGP preferences system that will always do the right thing and
|
|
create messages that are usable by all recipients, regardless of which
|
|
OpenPGP program they use. Only override this safe default if you
|
|
really know what you are doing.
|
|
|
|
If you absolutely must override the safe default, or if the preferences
|
|
on a given key are invalid for some reason, you are far better off using
|
|
the @option{--pgp6}, @option{--pgp7}, or @option{--pgp8} options. These
|
|
options are safe as they do not force any particular algorithms in
|
|
violation of OpenPGP, but rather reduce the available algorithms to a
|
|
"PGP-safe" list.
|
|
|
|
@mansect bugs
|
|
@chapheading BUGS
|
|
|
|
On older systems this program should be installed as setuid(root). This
|
|
is necessary to lock memory pages. Locking memory pages prevents the
|
|
operating system from writing memory pages (which may contain
|
|
passphrases or other sensitive material) to disk. If you get no
|
|
warning message about insecure memory your operating system supports
|
|
locking without being root. The program drops root privileges as soon
|
|
as locked memory is allocated.
|
|
|
|
Note also that some systems (especially laptops) have the ability to
|
|
``suspend to disk'' (also known as ``safe sleep'' or ``hibernate'').
|
|
This writes all memory to disk before going into a low power or even
|
|
powered off mode. Unless measures are taken in the operating system
|
|
to protect the saved memory, passphrases or other sensitive material
|
|
may be recoverable from it later.
|
|
|
|
Before you report a bug you should first search the mailing list
|
|
archives for similar problems and second check whether such a bug has
|
|
already been reported to our bug tracker at http://bugs.gnupg.org .
|
|
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@c *************** **************
|
|
@c *************** UNATTENDED **************
|
|
@c *************** **************
|
|
@c *******************************************
|
|
@manpause
|
|
@node Unattended Usage of GPG
|
|
@section Unattended Usage
|
|
|
|
@command{gpg} is often used as a backend engine by other software. To help
|
|
with this a machine interface has been defined to have an unambiguous
|
|
way to do this. The options @option{--status-fd} and @option{--batch}
|
|
are almost always required for this.
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Unattended GPG key generation:: Unattended key generation
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node Unattended GPG key generation
|
|
@subsection Unattended key generation
|
|
|
|
The command @option{--gen-key} may be used along with the option
|
|
@option{--batch} for unattended key generation. The parameters are
|
|
either read from stdin or given as a file on the command line.
|
|
The format of the parameter file is as follows:
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
@item Text only, line length is limited to about 1000 characters.
|
|
@item UTF-8 encoding must be used to specify non-ASCII characters.
|
|
@item Empty lines are ignored.
|
|
@item Leading and trailing while space is ignored.
|
|
@item A hash sign as the first non white space character indicates
|
|
a comment line.
|
|
@item Control statements are indicated by a leading percent sign, the
|
|
arguments are separated by white space from the keyword.
|
|
@item Parameters are specified by a keyword, followed by a colon. Arguments
|
|
are separated by white space.
|
|
@item
|
|
The first parameter must be @samp{Key-Type}; control statements may be
|
|
placed anywhere.
|
|
@item
|
|
The order of the parameters does not matter except for @samp{Key-Type}
|
|
which must be the first parameter. The parameters are only used for
|
|
the generated keyblock (primary and subkeys); parameters from previous
|
|
sets are not used. Some syntactically checks may be performed.
|
|
@item
|
|
Key generation takes place when either the end of the parameter file
|
|
is reached, the next @samp{Key-Type} parameter is encountered or at the
|
|
control statement @samp{%commit} is encountered.
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Control statements:
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item %echo @var{text}
|
|
Print @var{text} as diagnostic.
|
|
|
|
@item %dry-run
|
|
Suppress actual key generation (useful for syntax checking).
|
|
|
|
@item %commit
|
|
Perform the key generation. Note that an implicit commit is done at
|
|
the next @asis{Key-Type} parameter.
|
|
|
|
@item %pubring @var{filename}
|
|
@itemx %secring @var{filename}
|
|
Do not write the key to the default or commandline given keyring but
|
|
to @var{filename}. This must be given before the first commit to take
|
|
place, duplicate specification of the same filename is ignored, the
|
|
last filename before a commit is used. The filename is used until a
|
|
new filename is used (at commit points) and all keys are written to
|
|
that file. If a new filename is given, this file is created (and
|
|
overwrites an existing one). For GnuPG versions prior to 2.1, both
|
|
control statements must be given. For GnuPG 2.1 and later
|
|
@samp{%secring} is a no-op.
|
|
|
|
@item %ask-passphrase
|
|
@itemx %no-ask-passphrase
|
|
Enable (or disable) a mode where the command @option{passphrase} is
|
|
ignored and instead the usual passphrase dialog is used. This does
|
|
not make sense for batch key generation; however the unattended key
|
|
generation feature is also used by GUIs and this feature relinquishes
|
|
the GUI from implementing its own passphrase entry code. These are
|
|
global control statements and affect all future key genrations.
|
|
|
|
@item %no-protection
|
|
Since GnuPG version 2.1 it is not anymore possible to specify a
|
|
passphrase for unattended key generation. The passphrase command is
|
|
simply ignored and @samp{%ask-passpharse} is thus implicitly enabled.
|
|
Using this option allows the creation of keys without any passphrase
|
|
protection. This option is mainly intended for regression tests.
|
|
|
|
@item %transient-key
|
|
If given the keys are created using a faster and a somewhat less
|
|
secure random number generator. This option may be used for keys
|
|
which are only used for a short time and do not require full
|
|
cryptographic strength. It takes only effect if used together with
|
|
the control statement @samp{%no-protection}.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
General Parameters:
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
@item Key-Type: @var{algo}
|
|
Starts a new parameter block by giving the type of the primary
|
|
key. The algorithm must be capable of signing. This is a required
|
|
parameter. @var{algo} may either be an OpenPGP algorithm number or a
|
|
string with the algorithm name. The special value @samp{default} may
|
|
be used for @var{algo} to create the default key type; in this case a
|
|
@samp{Key-Usage} shall not be given and @samp{default} also be used
|
|
for @samp{Subkey-Type}.
|
|
|
|
@item Key-Length: @var{nbits}
|
|
The requested length of the generated key in bits. The default is
|
|
returned by running the command @samp{gpg2 --gpgconf-list}.
|
|
|
|
@item Key-Grip: @var{hexstring}
|
|
This is optional and used to generate a CSR or certificate for an
|
|
already existing key. Key-Length will be ignored when given.
|
|
|
|
@item Key-Usage: @var{usage-list}
|
|
Space or comma delimited list of key usages. Allowed values are
|
|
@samp{encrypt}, @samp{sign}, and @samp{auth}. This is used to
|
|
generate the key flags. Please make sure that the algorithm is
|
|
capable of this usage. Note that OpenPGP requires that all primary
|
|
keys are capable of certification, so no matter what usage is given
|
|
here, the @samp{cert} flag will be on. If no @samp{Key-Usage} is
|
|
specified and the @samp{Key-Type} is not @samp{default}, all allowed
|
|
usages for that particular algorithm are used; if it is not given but
|
|
@samp{default} is used the usage will be @samp{sign}.
|
|
|
|
@item Subkey-Type: @var{algo}
|
|
This generates a secondary key (subkey). Currently only one subkey
|
|
can be handled. See also @samp{Key-Type} above.
|
|
|
|
@item Subkey-Length: @var{nbits}
|
|
Length of the secondary key (subkey) in bits. The default is returned
|
|
by running the command @samp{gpg2 --gpgconf-list}".
|
|
|
|
@item Subkey-Usage: @var{usage-list}
|
|
Key usage lists for a subkey; similar to @samp{Key-Usage}.
|
|
|
|
@item Passphrase: @var{string}
|
|
If you want to specify a passphrase for the secret key,
|
|
enter it here. Default is not to use any passphrase.
|
|
|
|
@item Name-Real: @var{name}
|
|
@itemx Name-Comment: @var{comment}
|
|
@itemx Name-Email: @var{email}
|
|
The three parts of a user name. Remember to use UTF-8 encoding here.
|
|
If you don't give any of them, no user ID is created.
|
|
|
|
@item Expire-Date: @var{iso-date}|(@var{number}[d|w|m|y])
|
|
Set the expiration date for the key (and the subkey). It may either
|
|
be entered in ISO date format (e.g. "20000815T145012") or as number of
|
|
days, weeks, month or years after the creation date. The special
|
|
notation "seconds=N" is also allowed to specify a number of seconds
|
|
since creation. Without a letter days are assumed. Note that there
|
|
is no check done on the overflow of the type used by OpenPGP for
|
|
timestamps. Thus you better make sure that the given value make
|
|
sense. Although OpenPGP works with time intervals, GnuPG uses an
|
|
absolute value internally and thus the last year we can represent is
|
|
2105.
|
|
|
|
@item Ceation-Date: @var{iso-date}
|
|
Set the creation date of the key as stored in the key information and
|
|
which is also part of the fingerprint calculation. Either a date like
|
|
"1986-04-26" or a full timestamp like "19860426T042640" may be used.
|
|
The time is considered to be UTC. The special notation "seconds=N"
|
|
may be used to directly specify a the number of seconds since Epoch
|
|
(Unix time). If it is not given the current time is used.
|
|
|
|
@item Preferences: @var{string}
|
|
Set the cipher, hash, and compression preference values for this key.
|
|
This expects the same type of string as the sub-command @samp{setpref}
|
|
in the @option{--edit-key} menu.
|
|
|
|
@item Revoker: @var{algo}:@var{fpr} [sensitive]
|
|
Add a designated revoker to the generated key. Algo is the public key
|
|
algorithm of the designated revoker (i.e. RSA=1, DSA=17, etc.)
|
|
@var{fpr} is the fingerprint of the designated revoker. The optional
|
|
@samp{sensitive} flag marks the designated revoker as sensitive
|
|
information. Only v4 keys may be designated revokers.
|
|
|
|
@item Keyserver: @var{string}
|
|
This is an optional parameter that specifies the preferred keyserver
|
|
URL for the key.
|
|
|
|
@item Handle: @var{string}
|
|
This is an optional parameter only used with the status lines
|
|
KEY_CREATED and KEY_NOT_CREATED. @var{string} may be up to 100
|
|
characters and should not contain spaces. It is useful for batch key
|
|
generation to associate a key parameter block with a status line.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Here is an example on how to create a key:
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
$ cat >foo <<EOF
|
|
%echo Generating a basic OpenPGP key
|
|
Key-Type: DSA
|
|
Key-Length: 1024
|
|
Subkey-Type: ELG-E
|
|
Subkey-Length: 1024
|
|
Name-Real: Joe Tester
|
|
Name-Comment: with stupid passphrase
|
|
Name-Email: joe@@foo.bar
|
|
Expire-Date: 0
|
|
Passphrase: abc
|
|
%pubring foo.pub
|
|
%secring foo.sec
|
|
# Do a commit here, so that we can later print "done" :-)
|
|
%commit
|
|
%echo done
|
|
EOF
|
|
$ gpg2 --batch --gen-key foo
|
|
[...]
|
|
$ gpg2 --no-default-keyring --secret-keyring ./foo.sec \
|
|
--keyring ./foo.pub --list-secret-keys
|
|
/home/wk/work/gnupg-stable/scratch/foo.sec
|
|
------------------------------------------
|
|
sec 1024D/915A878D 2000-03-09 Joe Tester (with stupid passphrase) <joe@@foo.bar>
|
|
ssb 1024g/8F70E2C0 2000-03-09
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
If you want to create a key with the default algorithms you would use
|
|
these parameters:
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
%echo Generating a default key
|
|
Key-Type: default
|
|
Subkey-Type: default
|
|
Name-Real: Joe Tester
|
|
Name-Comment: with stupid passphrase
|
|
Name-Email: joe@@foo.bar
|
|
Expire-Date: 0
|
|
Passphrase: abc
|
|
%pubring foo.pub
|
|
%secring foo.sec
|
|
# Do a commit here, so that we can later print "done" :-)
|
|
%commit
|
|
%echo done
|
|
@end smallexample
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@mansect see also
|
|
@ifset isman
|
|
@command{gpgv}(1),
|
|
@ifclear gpgone
|
|
@command{gpgsm}(1),
|
|
@command{gpg-agent}(1)
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
@include see-also-note.texi
|