gnupg/util/secmem.c

/* secmem.c  -	memory allocation from a secure heap
 *	Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
 *                    2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 *
 * This file is part of GnuPG.
 *
 * GnuPG is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * GnuPG is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include <config.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#if defined(HAVE_MLOCK) || defined(HAVE_MMAP)
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#ifdef USE_CAPABILITIES
#include <sys/capability.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_PLOCK
#include <sys/lock.h>
#endif
#endif

#include "types.h"
#include "memory.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "i18n.h"

/* MinGW doesn't seem to prototype getpagesize, though it does have
   it. */
#if !HAVE_DECL_GETPAGESIZE
int getpagesize(void);
#endif

#if defined(MAP_ANON) && !defined(MAP_ANONYMOUS)
#define MAP_ANONYMOUS MAP_ANON
#endif
/* It seems that Slackware 7.1 does not know about EPERM */
#if !defined(EPERM) && defined(ENOMEM)
#define EPERM  ENOMEM
#endif


#define DEFAULT_POOLSIZE 16384

typedef struct memblock_struct MEMBLOCK;
struct memblock_struct {
    unsigned size;
    union {
	MEMBLOCK *next;
	PROPERLY_ALIGNED_TYPE aligned;
    } u;
};



static void  *pool;
static volatile int pool_okay; /* may be checked in an atexit function */
#ifdef HAVE_MMAP
static volatile int pool_is_mmapped;
#endif
static size_t poolsize; /* allocated length */
static size_t poollen;	/* used length */
static MEMBLOCK *unused_blocks;
static unsigned max_alloced;
static unsigned cur_alloced;
static unsigned max_blocks;
static unsigned cur_blocks;
static int disable_secmem;
static int show_warning;
static int no_warning;
static int suspend_warning;


static void
print_warn(void)
{
  if (!no_warning)
    {
      log_info(_("WARNING: using insecure memory!\n"));
      log_info(_("please see http://www.gnupg.org/documentation/faqs.html"
		 " for more information\n"));
    }
}


static void
lock_pool( void *p, size_t n )
{
#if defined(USE_CAPABILITIES) && defined(HAVE_MLOCK)
    int err;

    cap_set_proc( cap_from_text("cap_ipc_lock+ep") );
    err = mlock( p, n );
    if( err && errno )
	err = errno;
    cap_set_proc( cap_from_text("cap_ipc_lock+p") );

    if( err ) {
	if( errno != EPERM
#ifdef EAGAIN  /* OpenBSD returns this */
	    && errno != EAGAIN
#endif
#ifdef ENOSYS  /* Some SCOs return this (function not implemented) */
	    && errno != ENOSYS
#endif
#ifdef ENOMEM  /* Linux can return this */
            && errno != ENOMEM
#endif
	  )
	    log_error("can't lock memory: %s\n", strerror(err));
	show_warning = 1;
    }

#elif defined(HAVE_MLOCK)
    uid_t uid;
    int err;

    uid = getuid();

#ifdef HAVE_BROKEN_MLOCK
    /* ick. but at least we get secured memory. about to lock
       entire data segment. */
#ifdef HAVE_PLOCK
# ifdef _AIX
    /* The configure for AIX returns broken mlock but the plock has
       the strange requirement to somehow set the stack limit first.
       The problem might turn out in indeterministic program behaviour
       and hanging processes which can somehow be solved when enough
       processes are clogging up the memory.  To get this problem out
       of the way we simply don't try to lock the memory at all.
       */    
    errno = EPERM;
    err = errno;
# else /* !_AIX */
    err = plock( DATLOCK );
    if( err && errno )
        err = errno;
# endif /*_AIX*/
#else /*!HAVE_PLOCK*/
    if( uid ) {
	errno = EPERM;
	err = errno;
    }
    else {
	err = mlock( p, n );
	if( err && errno )
	    err = errno;
    }
#endif /*!HAVE_PLOCK*/
#else
    err = mlock( p, n );
    if( err && errno )
	err = errno;
#endif

    if( uid && !geteuid() ) {
	/* check that we really dropped the privs.
	 * Note: setuid(0) should always fail */
	if( setuid( uid ) || getuid() != geteuid() || !setuid(0) )
	    log_fatal("failed to reset uid: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    }

    if( err ) {
	if( errno != EPERM
#ifdef EAGAIN  /* OpenBSD returns this */
	    && errno != EAGAIN
#endif
#ifdef ENOSYS  /* Some SCOs return this (function not implemented) */
	    && errno != ENOSYS
#endif
#ifdef ENOMEM  /* Linux can return this */
            && errno != ENOMEM
#endif
	  )
#ifdef __VMS
	    log_warning ("can't lock memory: %s\n", strerror(err));
#else
	    log_error ("can't lock memory: %s\n", strerror(err));
#endif
	show_warning = 1;
    }

#elif defined ( __QNX__ )
    /* QNX does not page at all, so the whole secure memory stuff does
     * not make much sense.  However it is still of use because it
     * wipes out the memory on a free().
     * Therefore it is sufficient to suppress the warning
     */
#elif defined (HAVE_DOSISH_SYSTEM) || defined (__CYGWIN__)
    /* It does not make sense to print such a warning, given the fact that 
     * this whole Windows !@#$% and their user base are inherently insecure
     */
#elif defined (__riscos__)
    /* no virtual memory on RISC OS, so no pages are swapped to disc,
     * besides we don't have mmap, so we don't use it! ;-)
     * But don't complain, as explained above.
     */
#else
    log_info("Please note that you don't have secure memory on this system\n");
#endif
}


static void
init_pool( size_t n)
{
    long int pgsize_val;
    size_t pgsize;

    poolsize = n;

    if( disable_secmem )
	log_bug("secure memory is disabled");

#if defined(HAVE_SYSCONF) && defined(_SC_PAGESIZE)
    pgsize_val = sysconf (_SC_PAGESIZE);
#elif defined(HAVE_GETPAGESIZE)
    pgsize_val = getpagesize ();
#else
    pgsize_val = -1;
#endif
    pgsize = (pgsize_val != -1 && pgsize_val > 0)? pgsize_val : 4096;


#ifdef HAVE_MMAP
    poolsize = (poolsize + pgsize -1 ) & ~(pgsize-1);
#ifdef MAP_ANONYMOUS
       pool = mmap( 0, poolsize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
				 MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
#else /* map /dev/zero instead */
    {	int fd;

	fd = open("/dev/zero", O_RDWR);
	if( fd == -1 ) {
	    log_error("can't open /dev/zero: %s\n", strerror(errno) );
	    pool = (void*)-1;
	}
	else {
	    pool = mmap( 0, poolsize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
				      MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
	    close (fd);
	}
    }
#endif
    if( pool == (void*)-1 )
	log_info("can't mmap pool of %u bytes: %s - using malloc\n",
			    (unsigned)poolsize, strerror(errno));
    else {
	pool_is_mmapped = 1;
	pool_okay = 1;
    }

#endif
    if( !pool_okay ) {
	pool = malloc( poolsize );
	if( !pool )
	    log_fatal("can't allocate memory pool of %u bytes\n",
						       (unsigned)poolsize);
	else
	    pool_okay = 1;
    }
    lock_pool( pool, poolsize );
    poollen = 0;
}


/* concatenate unused blocks */
static void
compress_pool(void)
{
    /* fixme: we really should do this */
}

void
secmem_set_flags( unsigned flags )
{
    int was_susp = suspend_warning;

    no_warning = flags & 1;
    suspend_warning = flags & 2;

    /* and now issue the warning if it is not longer suspended */
    if( was_susp && !suspend_warning && show_warning ) {
	show_warning = 0;
	print_warn();
    }
}

unsigned
secmem_get_flags(void)
{
    unsigned flags;

    flags  = no_warning      ? 1:0;
    flags |= suspend_warning ? 2:0;
    return flags;
}

/* Returns 1 if memory was locked, 0 if not. */
int
secmem_init( size_t n )
{
    if( !n ) {
#ifndef __riscos__
#ifdef USE_CAPABILITIES
	/* drop all capabilities */
	cap_set_proc( cap_from_text("all-eip") );

#elif !defined(HAVE_DOSISH_SYSTEM)
	uid_t uid;

	disable_secmem=1;
	uid = getuid();
	if( uid != geteuid() ) {
	    if( setuid( uid ) || getuid() != geteuid() || !setuid(0) )
		log_fatal("failed to drop setuid\n" );
	}
#endif
#endif /* !__riscos__ */
    }
    else {
	if( n < DEFAULT_POOLSIZE )
	    n = DEFAULT_POOLSIZE;
	if( !pool_okay )
	    init_pool(n);
	else
	    log_error("Oops, secure memory pool already initialized\n");
    }

    return !show_warning;
}


void *
secmem_malloc( size_t size )
{
    MEMBLOCK *mb, *mb2;
    int compressed=0;

    if( !pool_okay ) {
	log_info(
	 _("operation is not possible without initialized secure memory\n"));
	log_info(_("(you may have used the wrong program for this task)\n"));
	exit(2);
    }
    if( show_warning && !suspend_warning ) {
	show_warning = 0;
	print_warn();
    }

    /* Blocks are always a multiple of 32.  Note that we allocate an
       extra of the size of an entire MEMBLOCK.  This is required
       becuase we do not only need the SIZE info but also extra space
       to chain up unused memory blocks.  */
    size += sizeof(MEMBLOCK);
    size = ((size + 31) / 32) * 32;

  retry:
    /* try to get it from the used blocks */
    for(mb = unused_blocks,mb2=NULL; mb; mb2=mb, mb = mb->u.next )
	if( mb->size >= size ) {
	    if( mb2 )
		mb2->u.next = mb->u.next;
	    else
		unused_blocks = mb->u.next;
	    goto leave;
	}
    /* allocate a new block */
    if( (poollen + size <= poolsize) ) {
	mb = (void*)((char*)pool + poollen);
	poollen += size;
	mb->size = size;
    }
    else if( !compressed ) {
	compressed=1;
	compress_pool();
	goto retry;
    }
    else
	return NULL;

  leave:
    cur_alloced += mb->size;
    cur_blocks++;
    if( cur_alloced > max_alloced )
	max_alloced = cur_alloced;
    if( cur_blocks > max_blocks )
	max_blocks = cur_blocks;

    return &mb->u.aligned.c;
}


void *
secmexrealloc( void *p, size_t newsize )
{
    MEMBLOCK *mb;
    size_t size;
    void *a;

    mb = (MEMBLOCK*)((char*)p - ((size_t) &((MEMBLOCK*)0)->u.aligned.c));
    size = mb->size;
    if (size < sizeof(MEMBLOCK))
      log_bug ("secure memory corrupted at block %p\n", (void *)mb);
    size -= ((size_t) &((MEMBLOCK*)0)->u.aligned.c);

    if( newsize <= size )
	return p; /* It is easier not to shrink the memory.  */
    a = secmem_malloc( newsize );
    if ( a ) {
        memcpy(a, p, size);
        memset((char*)a+size, 0, newsize-size);
        secmem_free(p);
    }
    return a;
}


void
secmem_free( void *a )
{
    MEMBLOCK *mb;
    size_t size;

    if( !a )
	return;

    mb = (MEMBLOCK*)((char*)a - ((size_t) &((MEMBLOCK*)0)->u.aligned.c));
    size = mb->size;
    /* This does not make much sense: probably this memory is held in the
     * cache. We do it anyway: */
    wipememory2(mb, 0xff, size );
    wipememory2(mb, 0xaa, size );
    wipememory2(mb, 0x55, size );
    wipememory2(mb, 0x00, size );
    mb->size = size;
    mb->u.next = unused_blocks;
    unused_blocks = mb;
    cur_blocks--;
    cur_alloced -= size;
}


/* Check whether P points into the pool.  */
static int
ptr_into_pool_p (const void *p)
{
  /* We need to convert pointers to addresses.  This is required by
     C-99 6.5.8 to avoid undefined behaviour.  Using size_t is at
     least only implementation defined.  See also
     http://lists.gnupg.org/pipermail/gcrypt-devel/2007-February/001102.html
  */
  size_t p_addr = (size_t)p;
  size_t pool_addr = (size_t)pool;

  return p_addr >= pool_addr && p_addr <  pool_addr+poolsize;
}


int
m_is_secure( const void *p )
{
  return pool_okay && ptr_into_pool_p (p);
}



/****************
 * Warning:  This code might be called by an interrupt handler
 *	     and frankly, there should really be such a handler,
 *	     to make sure that the memory is wiped out.
 *	     We hope that the OS wipes out mlocked memory after
 *	     receiving a SIGKILL - it really should do so, otherwise
 *	     there is no chance to get the secure memory cleaned.
 */
void
secmem_term()
{
    if( !pool_okay )
	return;

    wipememory2( pool, 0xff, poolsize);
    wipememory2( pool, 0xaa, poolsize);
    wipememory2( pool, 0x55, poolsize);
    wipememory2( pool, 0x00, poolsize);
#ifdef HAVE_MMAP
    if( pool_is_mmapped )
	munmap( pool, poolsize );
#endif
    pool = NULL;
    pool_okay = 0;
    poolsize=0;
    poollen=0;
    unused_blocks=NULL;
}


void
secmem_dump_stats()
{
    if( disable_secmem )
	return;
    fprintf(stderr,
		"secmem usage: %u/%u bytes in %u/%u blocks of pool %lu/%lu\n",
		cur_alloced, max_alloced, cur_blocks, max_blocks,
		(ulong)poollen, (ulong)poolsize );
}