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2276 lines
71 KiB
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2276 lines
71 KiB
Plaintext
<!-- gpg.sgml - the man page for GnuPG
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Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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This file is part of GnuPG.
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GnuPG is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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GnuPG is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
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-->
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<!-- This file should be processed by docbook-to-man to
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create a manual page. This program has currently the bug
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not to remove leading white space. So this source file does
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not look very pretty
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FIXME: generated a file with entity (e.g. pathnames) from the
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configure scripts and include it here
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//Davenport//DTD DocBook V3.0//EN" [
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<!entity ParmDir "<parameter>directory</parameter>">
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<!entity ParmFile "<parameter>file</parameter>">
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<!entity OptParmFile "<optional>&ParmFile;</optional>">
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<!entity ParmFiles "<parameter>files</parameter>">
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<!entity OptParmFiles "<optional>&ParmFiles;</optional>">
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<!entity ParmNames "<parameter>names</parameter>">
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<!entity OptParmNames "<optional>&ParmNames;</optional>">
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<!entity ParmName "<parameter>name</parameter>">
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<!entity OptParmName "<optional>&ParmName;</optional>">
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<!entity ParmKeyIDs "<parameter>key IDs</parameter>">
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<!entity ParmN "<parameter>n</parameter>">
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<!entity ParmFlags "<parameter>flags</parameter>">
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<!entity ParmString "<parameter>string</parameter>">
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<!entity ParmValue "<parameter>value</parameter>">
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<!entity ParmNameValue "<parameter>name=value</parameter>">
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]>
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<refentry id="gpg">
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>gpg</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo class="gnu">GNU Tools</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname/gpg/
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<refpurpose>encryption and signing tool</>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<synopsis>
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<command>gpg</>
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<optional>--homedir <parameter/name/</optional>
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<optional>--options <parameter/file/</optional>
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<optional><parameter/options/</optional>
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<parameter>command</>
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<optional><parameter/args/</optional>
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</synopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<para>
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<command/gpg/ is the main program for the GnuPG system.
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</para>
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<para>
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This man page only lists the commands and options available.
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For more verbose documentation get the GNU Privacy Handbook (GPH) or
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one of the other documents at http://www.gnupg.org/docs.html .
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</para>
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<para>
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Please remember that option parsing stops as soon as a non option is
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encountered, you can explicitly stop option parsing by using the
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special option "--".
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>COMMANDS</title>
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<para>
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<command/gpg/ recognizes these commands:
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-s, --sign</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Make a signature. This command may be combined
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with --encrypt.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--clearsign</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Make a clear text signature.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-b, --detach-sign</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Make a detached signature.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-e, --encrypt</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Encrypt data. This option may be combined with --sign.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-c, --symmetric</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Encrypt with symmetric cipher only.
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This command asks for a passphrase.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--store</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Store only (make a simple RFC1991 packet).
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--decrypt &OptParmFile;</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Decrypt &ParmFile; (or stdin if no file is specified) and
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write it to stdout (or the file specified with
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--output). If the decrypted file is signed, the
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signature is also verified. This command differs
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from the default operation, as it never writes to the
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filename which is included in the file and it
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rejects files which don't begin with an encrypted
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message.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--verify <optional><optional><parameter/sigfile/</optional>
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<optional><parameter/signed-files/</optional></optional></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Assume that <parameter/sigfile/ is a signature and verify it
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without generating any output. With no arguments,
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the signature packet is read from stdin. If
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only a sigfile is given, it may be a complete
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signature or a detached signature, in which case
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the signed stuff is expected in a file without the
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".sig" or ".asc" extension.
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With more than
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1 argument, the first should be a detached signature
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and the remaining files are the signed stuff. To read the signed
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stuff from stdin, use <literal>-</literal> as the second filename.
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For security reasons a detached signature cannot read the signed
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material from stdin without denoting it in the above way.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--verify-files <optional><parameter/files/</optional></term>
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<listitem><para>
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This is a special version of the --verify command which does not work with
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detached signatures. The command expects the files to be verified either
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on the command line or reads the filenames from stdin; each name must be on
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separate line. The command is intended for quick checking of many files.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--encrypt-files <optional><parameter/files/</optional></term>
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<listitem><para>
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This is a special version of the --encrypt command. The command expects
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the files to be encrypted either on the command line or reads the filenames
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from stdin; each name must be on separate line. The command is intended
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for a quick encryption of multiple files.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--decrypt-files <optional><parameter/files/</optional></term>
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<listitem><para>
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The same as --encrypt-files with the difference that files will be
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decrypted. The syntax or the filenames is the same.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<!--
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B<-k> [I<username>] [I<keyring>]
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Kludge to be somewhat compatible with PGP.
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Without arguments, all public keyrings are listed.
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With one argument, only I<keyring> is listed.
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Special combinations are also allowed, but they may
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give strange results when combined with more options.
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B<-kv> Same as B<-k>
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B<-kvv> List the signatures with every key.
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B<-kvvv> Additionally check all signatures.
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B<-kvc> List fingerprints
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B<-kvvc> List fingerprints and signatures
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B<This command may be removed in the future!>
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-->
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--list-keys &OptParmNames;</term>
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<term>--list-public-keys &OptParmNames;</term>
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<listitem><para>
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List all keys from the public keyrings, or just the
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ones given on the command line.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--list-secret-keys &OptParmNames;</term>
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<listitem><para>
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List all keys from the secret keyrings, or just the
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ones given on the command line.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--list-sigs &OptParmNames;</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Same as --list-keys, but the signatures are listed too.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--check-sigs &OptParmNames;</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Same as --list-sigs, but the signatures are verified.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--fingerprint &OptParmNames;</term>
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<listitem><para>
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List all keys with their fingerprints. This is the
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same output as --list-keys but with the additional output
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of a line with the fingerprint. May also be combined
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with --list-sigs or --check-sigs.
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If this command is given twice, the fingerprints of all
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secondary keys are listed too.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--list-packets</term>
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<listitem><para>
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List only the sequence of packets. This is mainly
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useful for debugging.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--gen-key</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Generate a new key pair. This command is normally only used
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interactively.
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</para>
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<para>
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There is an experimental feature which allows you to create keys
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in batch mode. See the file <filename>doc/DETAILS</filename>
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in the source distribution on how to use this.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>--edit-key &ParmName;</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Present a menu which enables you to do all key
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related tasks:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>sign</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Make a signature on key of user &ParmName;
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If the key is not yet signed by the default
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user (or the users given with -u), the
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program displays the information of the key
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again, together with its fingerprint and
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asks whether it should be signed. This
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question is repeated for all users specified
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with -u.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>lsign</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Same as --sign but the signature is marked as
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non-exportable and will therefore never be used
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by others. This may be used to make keys valid
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only in the local environment.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>nrsign</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Same as --sign but the signature is marked as non-revocable and can
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therefore never be revoked.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>nrlsign</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Combines the functionality of nrsign and lsign to make a signature
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that is both non-revocable and
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non-exportable.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>revsig</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Revoke a signature. GnuPG asks for every
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signature which has been done by one of
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the secret keys, whether a revocation
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certificate should be generated.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>trust</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Change the owner trust value. This updates the
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trust-db immediately and no save is required.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>disable</term>
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<term>enable</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Disable or enable an entire key. A disabled key can normally not be used
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for encryption.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>adduid</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Create an alternate user id.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>addphoto</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Create a photographic user id.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>deluid</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Delete a user id.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>addkey</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Add a subkey to this key.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>delkey</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Remove a subkey.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>addrevoker</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Add a designated revoker.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>revkey</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Revoke a subkey.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>expire</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Change the key expiration time. If a key is
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selected, the time of this key will be changed.
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With no selection the key expiration of the
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primary key is changed.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>passwd</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Change the passphrase of the secret key.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>primary</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Flag the current user id as the primary one, removes the primary user
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id flag from all other user ids and sets the timestamp of all affected
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self-signatures one second ahead. Note that setting a photo user ID
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as primary makes it primary over other photo user IDs, and setting a
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regular user ID as primary makes it primary over other regular user
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IDs.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>uid &ParmN;</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Toggle selection of user id with index &ParmN;.
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Use 0 to deselect all.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>key &ParmN;</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Toggle selection of subkey with index &ParmN;.
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Use 0 to deselect all.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>check</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Check all selected user ids.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>showphoto</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Display the selected photographic user
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id.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>pref</term>
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<listitem><para>
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List preferences.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>showpref</term>
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<listitem><para>
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More verbose preferences listing.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>setpref &ParmString;</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Set the list of user ID preferences to &ParmString;, this should be
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a string similar to the one printed by "pref". Using an empty string
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will set the default preference string, using "none" will set the
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preferences to nil. Only available algorithms are allowed. This
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command just initializes an internal list and does not change anything
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unless another command which changes the self-signatures is used.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>updpref</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Change the preferences of all user IDs (or just of the selected ones
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to the current list of preferences. The timestamp of all affected
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self-signatures fill be advanced by one second.
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</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>toggle</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Toggle between public and secret key listing.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>save</term>
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<listitem><para>
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Save all changes to the key rings and quit.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>quit</term>
|
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<listitem><para>
|
|
Quit the program without updating the
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|
key rings.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>
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The listing shows you the key with its secondary
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keys and all user ids. Selected keys or user ids
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are indicated by an asterisk. The trust value is
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displayed with the primary key: the first is the
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|
assigned owner trust and the second is the calculated
|
|
trust value. Letters are used for the values:</para>
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|
<variablelist>
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<varlistentry><term>-</term><listitem><para>No ownertrust assigned / not yet calculated.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>e</term><listitem><para>Trust
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calculation has failed; probably due to an expired key.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>q</term><listitem><para>Not enough information for calculation.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>n</term><listitem><para>Never trust this key.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>m</term><listitem><para>Marginally trusted.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>f</term><listitem><para>Fully trusted.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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|
<varlistentry><term>u</term><listitem><para>Ultimately trusted.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--sign-key &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Signs a public key with your secret key. This is a shortcut version of
|
|
the subcommand "sign" from --edit.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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|
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<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--lsign-key &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Signs a public key with your secret key but marks it as
|
|
non-exportable. This is a shortcut version of the subcommand "lsign"
|
|
from --edit.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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|
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<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--nrsign-key &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
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|
Signs a public key with your secret key but marks it as non-revocable.
|
|
This is a shortcut version of the subcommand "nrsign" from --edit.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--delete-key &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Remove key from the public keyring
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--delete-secret-key &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Remove key from the secret and public keyring
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--delete-secret-and-public-key &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Same as --delete-key, but if a secret key exists, it will be removed first.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--gen-revoke</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Generate a revocation certificate for the complete key. To revoke
|
|
a subkey or a signature, use the --edit command.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--desig-revoke</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Generate a designated revocation certificate for a key. This allows a
|
|
user (with the permission of the keyholder) to revoke someone elses
|
|
key.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--export &OptParmNames;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Either export all keys from all keyrings (default
|
|
keyrings and those registered via option --keyring),
|
|
or if at least one name is given, those of the given
|
|
name. The new keyring is written to stdout or to
|
|
the file given with option "output". Use together
|
|
with --armor to mail those keys.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--send-keys &OptParmNames;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Same as --export but sends the keys to a keyserver.
|
|
Option --keyserver must be used to give the name
|
|
of this keyserver. Don't send your complete keyring
|
|
to a keyserver - select only those keys which are new
|
|
or changed by you.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--export-all &OptParmNames;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Same as --export, but also exports keys which
|
|
are not compatible with OpenPGP.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--export-secret-keys &OptParmNames;</term>
|
|
<term>--export-secret-subkeys &OptParmNames;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Same as --export, but exports the secret keys instead.
|
|
This is normally not very useful and a security risk.
|
|
The second form of the command has the special property to
|
|
render the secret part of the primary key useless; this is
|
|
a GNU extension to OpenPGP and other implementations can
|
|
not be expected to successfully import such a key.
|
|
|
|
See the option --simple-sk-checksum if you want to import such an
|
|
exported key with an older OpenPGP implementation.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--import &OptParmFiles;</term>
|
|
<term>--fast-import &OptParmFiles;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Import/merge keys. This adds the given keys to the
|
|
keyring. The fast version is currently just a synonym.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
There are a few other options which control how this command works.
|
|
Most notable here is the --merge-only option which does not insert new keys
|
|
but does only the merging of new signatures, user-IDs and subkeys.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--recv-keys &ParmKeyIDs;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Import the keys with the given key IDs from a keyserver. Option
|
|
--keyserver must be used to give the name of this keyserver.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--search-keys &OptParmNames;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Search the keyserver for the given names. Multiple names given here
|
|
will be joined together to create the search string for the keyserver.
|
|
Option --keyserver must be used to give the name of this keyserver.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--update-trustdb</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Do trust DB maintenance. This command goes over all keys and builds
|
|
the Web-of-Trust. This is an interactive command because it may has to
|
|
ask for the "ownertrust" values of keys. The user has to give an
|
|
estimation in how far she trusts the owner of the displayed key to
|
|
correctly certify (sign) other keys. It does only ask for that value
|
|
if it has not yet been assigned to a key. Using the edit menu, that
|
|
value can be changed at any time later.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--check-trustdb</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Do trust DB maintenance without user interaction. Form time to time
|
|
the trust database must be updated so that expired keys and resulting
|
|
changes in the Web-of-Trust can be tracked. GnuPG tries to figure
|
|
when this is required and then does it implicitly; this command can be
|
|
used to force such a check. The processing is identically to that of
|
|
--update-trustdb but it skips keys with a not yet defined "ownertrust".
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
For use with cron jobs, this command can be used together with --batch
|
|
in which case the check is only done when it is due. To force a run
|
|
even in batch mode add the option --yes.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--export-ownertrust &OptParmFile;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Store the ownertrust values into
|
|
&ParmFile; (or stdin if not given). This is useful for backup
|
|
purposes as these values are the only ones which can't be re-created
|
|
from a corrupted trust DB.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--import-ownertrust &OptParmFiles;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Update the trustdb with the ownertrust values stored
|
|
in &ParmFiles; (or stdin if not given); existing
|
|
values will be overwritten.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--print-md <parameter>algo</parameter> &OptParmFiles;</term>
|
|
<term>--print-mds &OptParmFiles;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Print message digest of algorithm ALGO for all given files or stdin.
|
|
With the second form (or a deprecated "*" as algo) digests for all
|
|
available algorithms are printed.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--gen-random <parameter>0|1|2</parameter>
|
|
<optional><parameter>count</parameter></optional></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Emit COUNT random bytes of the given quality level. If count is not given
|
|
or zero, an endless sequence of random bytes will be emitted.
|
|
PLEASE, don't use this command unless you know what you are doing; it may
|
|
remove precious entropy from the system!
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--gen-prime <parameter>mode</parameter>
|
|
<parameter>bits</parameter>
|
|
<optional><parameter>qbits</parameter></optional></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use the source, Luke :-). The output format is still subject to change.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--version</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Print version information along with a list
|
|
of supported algorithms.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--warranty</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Print warranty information.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-h, --help</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Print usage information. This is a really long list even though it doesn't list
|
|
all options.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>OPTIONS</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Long options can be put in an options file (default "~/.gnupg/options").
|
|
Do not write the 2 dashes, but simply the name of the option and any
|
|
required arguments. Lines with a hash as the first non-white-space
|
|
character are ignored. Commands may be put in this file too, but that
|
|
does not make sense.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<command/gpg/ recognizes these options:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-a, --armor</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Create ASCII armored output.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-o, --output &ParmFile;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Write output to &ParmFile;.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-u, --local-user &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use &ParmName as the user ID to sign.
|
|
This option is silently ignored for the list commands,
|
|
so that it can be used in an options file.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--default-key &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use &ParmName; as default user ID for signatures. If this
|
|
is not used the default user ID is the first user ID
|
|
found in the secret keyring.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-r, --recipient &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<term></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Encrypt for user id &ParmName;. If this option is not
|
|
specified, GnuPG asks for the user-id unless --default-recipient is given
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--default-recipient &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use &ParmName; as default recipient if option --recipient is not used and
|
|
don't ask if this is a valid one. &ParmName; must be non-empty.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--default-recipient-self</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use the default key as default recipient if option --recipient is not used and
|
|
don't ask if this is a valid one. The default key is the first one from the
|
|
secret keyring or the one set with --default-key.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-default-recipient</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Reset --default-recipient and --default-recipient-self.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--encrypt-to &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Same as --recipient but this one is intended for use
|
|
in the options file and may be used with
|
|
your own user-id as an "encrypt-to-self". These keys
|
|
are only used when there are other recipients given
|
|
either by use of --recipient or by the asked user id.
|
|
No trust checking is performed for these user ids and
|
|
even disabled keys can be used.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-encrypt-to</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Disable the use of all --encrypt-to keys.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-v, --verbose</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Give more information during processing. If used
|
|
twice, the input data is listed in detail.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-q, --quiet</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Try to be as quiet as possible.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-z &ParmN;, --compress &ParmN;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Set compression level to &ParmN;. A value of 0 for &ParmN;
|
|
disables compression. Default is to use the default
|
|
compression level of zlib (normally 6).
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-t, --textmode</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use canonical text mode. If -t (but not
|
|
--textmode) is used together with armoring
|
|
and signing, this enables clearsigned messages.
|
|
This kludge is needed for PGP compatibility;
|
|
normally you would use --sign or --clearsign
|
|
to selected the type of the signature.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-n, --dry-run</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Don't make any changes (this is not completely implemented).
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-i, --interactive</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Prompt before overwriting any files.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--batch</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use batch mode. Never ask, do not allow interactive
|
|
commands.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-tty</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Make sure that the TTY (terminal) is never used for any output.
|
|
This option is needed in some cases because GnuPG sometimes prints
|
|
warnings to the TTY if --batch is used.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-batch</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Disable batch mode. This may be of use if --batch
|
|
is enabled from an options file.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--yes</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Assume "yes" on most questions.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Assume "no" on most questions.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--default-cert-check-level &ParmN;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
The default to use for the check level when signing a key.
|
|
</para><para>
|
|
0 means you make no particular claim as to how carefully you verified
|
|
the key.
|
|
</para><para>
|
|
1 means you believe the key is owned by the person who claims to own
|
|
it but you could not, or did not verify the key at all. This is
|
|
useful for a "persona" verification, where you sign the key of a
|
|
pseudonymous user.
|
|
</para><para>
|
|
2 means you did casual verification of the key. For example, this
|
|
could mean that you verified that the key fingerprint and checked the
|
|
user ID on the key against a photo ID.
|
|
</para><para>
|
|
3 means you did extensive verification of the key. For example, this
|
|
could mean that you verified the key fingerprint with the owner of the
|
|
key in person, and that you checked, by means of a hard to forge
|
|
document with a photo ID (such as a passport) that the name of the key
|
|
owner matches the name in the user ID on the key, and finally that you
|
|
verified (by exchange of email) that the email address on the key
|
|
belongs to the key owner.
|
|
</para><para>
|
|
Note that the examples given above for levels 2 and 3 are just that:
|
|
examples. In the end, it is up to you to decide just what "casual"
|
|
and "extensive" mean to you.
|
|
</para><para>
|
|
This option defaults to 0.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--trusted-key <parameter>long key ID</parameter></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Assume that the specified key (which must be given
|
|
as a full 8 byte key ID) is as trustworthy as one of
|
|
your own secret keys. This option is useful if you
|
|
don't want to keep your secret keys (or one of them)
|
|
online but still want to be able to check the validity of a given
|
|
recipient's or signator's key.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--always-trust</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Skip key validation and assume that used keys are always fully trusted.
|
|
You won't use this unless you have installed some external validation
|
|
scheme. This option also suppresses the "[uncertain]" tag printed
|
|
with signature checks when there is no evidence that the user ID
|
|
is bound to the key.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--keyserver &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use &ParmName as your keyserver. This is the server that --recv-keys,
|
|
--send-keys, and --search-keys will communicate with to receive keys
|
|
from, send keys to, and search for keys on. The format of the
|
|
&ParmName is a URI: `scheme:[//]keyservername[:port]' The scheme is
|
|
the type of keyserver: "hkp" for the Horowitz (or compatible)
|
|
keyservers, "ldap" for the NAI LDAP keyserver, or "mailto" for the
|
|
Horowitz email keyserver. Note that your particular installation of
|
|
GnuPG may have other keyserver types available as well.
|
|
</para><para>
|
|
Most keyservers synchronize with each other, so there is generally no
|
|
need to send keys to more than one server. Using the command "host -l
|
|
pgp.net | grep wwwkeys" gives you a list of HKP keyservers. When
|
|
using one of the wwwkeys servers, due to load balancing using
|
|
round-robin DNS you may notice that you get a different key server
|
|
each time.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--keyserver-options <parameter>parameters</parameter></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options for the
|
|
keyserver. Options can be prepended with a `no-' to give the opposite
|
|
meaning. While not all options are available for all keyserver types,
|
|
some common options are:
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>include-revoked</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
When receiving or searching for a key, include keys that are marked on
|
|
the keyserver as revoked. Note that this option is always set when
|
|
using the NAI HKP keyserver, as this keyserver does not differentiate
|
|
between revoked and unrevoked keys.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>include-disabled</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
When receiving or searching for a key, include keys that are marked on
|
|
the keyserver as disabled. Note that this option is not used with HKP
|
|
keyservers, as they do not support disabling keys.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>use-temp-files</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
On most Unix-like platforms, GnuPG communicates with the keyserver
|
|
helper program via pipes, which is the most efficient method. This
|
|
option forces GnuPG to use temporary files to communicate. On some
|
|
platforms (such as Win32 and RISC OS), this option is always enabled.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>keep-temp-files</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
If using `use-temp-files', do not delete the temp files after using
|
|
them. This option is useful to learn the keyserver communication
|
|
protocol by reading the temporary files.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>verbose</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Tell the keyserver helper program to be more verbose. This option can
|
|
be repeated multiple times to increase the verbosity level.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>honor-http-proxy</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
For keyserver schemes that use HTTP (such as HKP), try to access the
|
|
keyserver over the proxy set with the environment variable
|
|
"http_proxy".
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>auto-key-retrieve</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
This option enables the automatic retrieving of keys from a keyserver
|
|
when verifying signatures made by keys that are not on the local
|
|
keyring.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--show-photos</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Causes --list-keys, --list-sigs, --list-public-keys, and
|
|
--list-secret-keys to also display the photo ID attached to a key, if
|
|
any.
|
|
See also --photo-viewer.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-show-photos</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Resets the --show-photos flag.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--photo-viewer &ParmString;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
This is the command line that should be run to view a photo ID. "%i"
|
|
will be expanded to a filename containing the photo. "%I" does the
|
|
same, except the file will not be deleted once the viewer exits.
|
|
Other flags are "%k" for the key ID, "%K" for the long key ID, "%f"
|
|
for the key fingerprint, "%t" for the extension of the image type
|
|
(e.g. "jpg"), "%T" for the MIME type of the image (e.g. "image/jpeg"),
|
|
and "%%" for an actual percent sign. If neither %i or %I are present,
|
|
then the photo will be supplied to the viewer on standard input.
|
|
</para><para>
|
|
The default viewer is "xloadimage -fork -quiet -title 'KeyID 0x%k'
|
|
stdin"
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--show-keyring</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Causes --list-keys, --list-public-keys, and --list-secret-keys to
|
|
display the name of the keyring a given key resides on. This is only
|
|
useful when you're listing a specific key or set of keys. It has no
|
|
effect when listing all keys.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--keyring &ParmFile;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Add &ParmFile to the list of keyrings.
|
|
If &ParmFile begins with a tilde and a slash, these
|
|
are replaced by the HOME directory. If the filename
|
|
does not contain a slash, it is assumed to be in the
|
|
home-directory ("~/.gnupg" if --homedir is not used).
|
|
The filename may be prefixed with a scheme:</para>
|
|
<para>"gnupg-ring:" is the default one.</para>
|
|
<para>It might make sense to use it together with --no-default-keyring.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--secret-keyring &ParmFile;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Same as --keyring but for the secret keyrings.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--homedir &ParmDir;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Set the name of the home directory to &ParmDir; If this
|
|
option is not used it defaults to "~/.gnupg". It does
|
|
not make sense to use this in a options file. This
|
|
also overrides the environment variable "GNUPGHOME".
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--charset &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Set the name of the native character set. This is used
|
|
to convert some strings to proper UTF-8 encoding.
|
|
Valid values for &ParmName; are:</para>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>iso-8859-1</term><listitem><para>This is the default Latin 1 set.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>iso-8859-2</term><listitem><para>The Latin 2 set.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>koi8-r</term><listitem><para>The usual Russian set (rfc1489).</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>utf-8</term><listitem><para>Bypass all translations and assume
|
|
that the OS uses native UTF-8 encoding.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--utf8-strings</term>
|
|
<term>--no-utf8-strings</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Assume that the arguments are already given as UTF8 strings. The default
|
|
(--no-utf8-strings)
|
|
is to assume that arguments are encoded in the character set as specified
|
|
by --charset. These options affect all following arguments. Both options may
|
|
be used multiple times.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--options &ParmFile;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Read options from &ParmFile; and do not try to read
|
|
them from the default options file in the homedir
|
|
(see --homedir). This option is ignored if used
|
|
in an options file.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-options</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Shortcut for "--options /dev/null". This option is
|
|
detected before an attempt to open an option file.
|
|
Using this option will also prevent the creation of a
|
|
"~./gnupg" homedir.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--load-extension &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Load an extension module. If &ParmName; does not
|
|
contain a slash it is searched in "/usr/local/lib/gnupg"
|
|
See the manual for more information about extensions.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--debug &ParmFlags;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Set debugging flags. All flags are or-ed and &ParmFlags; may
|
|
be given in C syntax (e.g. 0x0042).
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--debug-all</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Set all useful debugging flags.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--status-fd &ParmN;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Write special status strings to the file descriptor &ParmN;.
|
|
See the file DETAILS in the documentation for a listing of them.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--logger-fd &ParmN;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Write log output to file descriptor &ParmN; and not to stderr.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--attribute-fd &ParmN;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Write attribute subpackets to the file descriptor &ParmN;. This is
|
|
most useful for use with --status-fd, since the status messages are
|
|
needed to separate out the various subpackets from the stream
|
|
delivered to the file descriptor.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--sk-comments</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Include secret key comment packets when exporting secret keys. This
|
|
is a GnuPG extension to the OpenPGP standard, and is off by default.
|
|
Please note that this has nothing to do with the comments in clear
|
|
text signatures or armor headers.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-sk-comments</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Resets the --sk-comments option.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-comment</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
See --sk-comments. This option is deprecated and may be removed soon.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--comment &ParmString;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use &ParmString; as comment string in clear text signatures.
|
|
The default is not do write a comment string.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--default-comment</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Force to write the standard comment string in clear
|
|
text signatures. Use this to overwrite a --comment
|
|
from a config file. This option is now obsolete because there is no
|
|
default comment string anymore.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-version</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Omit the version string in clear text signatures.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--emit-version</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Force to write the version string in clear text
|
|
signatures. Use this to overwrite a previous
|
|
--no-version from a config file.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>-N, --notation-data &ParmNameValue;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Put the name value pair into the signature as notation data.
|
|
&ParmName; must consist only of alphanumeric characters, digits
|
|
or the underscore; the first character must not be a digit.
|
|
&ParmValue; may be any printable string; it will be encoded in UTF8,
|
|
so you should check that your --charset is set correctly.
|
|
If you prefix &ParmName; with an exclamation mark, the notation
|
|
data will be flagged as critical (rfc2440:5.2.3.15).
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--show-notation</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Show key signature notations in the --list-sigs or --check-sigs
|
|
listings.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-show-notation</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Do not show key signature notations in the --list-sigs or --check-sigs
|
|
listings.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--set-policy-url &ParmString;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use &ParmString; as Policy URL for signatures (rfc2440:5.2.3.19).
|
|
If you prefix it with an exclamation mark, the policy URL
|
|
packet will be flagged as critical.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--show-policy-url</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Show any policy URLs set in the --list-sigs or --check-sigs listings.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-show-policy-url</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Do not show any policy URLs set in the --list-sigs or --check-sigs
|
|
listings.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--set-filename &ParmString;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use &ParmString; as the name of file which is stored in
|
|
messages.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--for-your-eyes-only</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Set the `for your eyes only' flag in the message. This causes GnuPG
|
|
to refuse to save the file unless the --output option is given, and
|
|
PGP to use the "secure viewer" with a Tempest-resistant font to
|
|
display the message. This option overrides --set-filename.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-for-your-eyes-only</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Resets the --for-your-eyes-only flag.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--use-embedded-filename</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Try to create a file with a name as embedded in the data.
|
|
This can be a dangerous option as it allows to overwrite files.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--completes-needed &ParmN;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Number of completely trusted users to introduce a new
|
|
key signer (defaults to 1).
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--marginals-needed &ParmN;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Number of marginally trusted users to introduce a new
|
|
key signer (defaults to 3)
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--max-cert-depth &ParmN;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Maximum depth of a certification chain (default is 5).
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--cipher-algo &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use &ParmName; as cipher algorithm. Running the program
|
|
with the command --version yields a list of supported
|
|
algorithms. If this is not used the cipher algorithm is
|
|
selected from the preferences stored with the key.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--digest-algo &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use &ParmName; as the message digest algorithm. Running the program
|
|
with the command --version yields a list of supported algorithms.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--cert-digest-algo &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use &ParmName; as the message digest algorithm used when signing a
|
|
key. Running the program with the command --version yields a list of
|
|
supported algorithms. Be aware that if you choose an algorithm that
|
|
GnuPG supports but other OpenPGP implementations do not, then some
|
|
users will not be able to use the key signatures you make, or quite
|
|
possibly your entire key.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--s2k-cipher-algo &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use &ParmName; as the cipher algorithm used to protect secret keys.
|
|
The default cipher is CAST5. This cipher is also used for
|
|
conventional encryption if --cipher-algo is not given.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--s2k-digest-algo &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use &ParmName; as the digest algorithm used to mangle the
|
|
passphrases. The default algorithm is RIPE-MD-160.
|
|
This digest algorithm is also used for conventional
|
|
encryption if --digest-algo is not given.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--s2k-mode &ParmN;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Selects how passphrases are mangled. If &ParmN; is 0
|
|
a plain passphrase (which is not recommended) will be used,
|
|
a 1 (default) adds a salt to the passphrase and
|
|
a 3 iterates the whole process a couple of times.
|
|
Unless --rfc1991 is used, this mode is also used
|
|
for conventional encryption.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--simple-sk-checksum</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Secret keys are integrity protected by using a SHA-1 checksum. This
|
|
method will be part of an enhanced OpenPGP specification but GnuPG
|
|
already uses it as a countermeasure against certain attacks. Old
|
|
applications don't understand this new format, so this option may be
|
|
used to switch back to the old behaviour. Using this this option
|
|
bears a security risk.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--compress-algo &ParmN;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Use compression algorithm &ParmN;. Default is 2 which is RFC1950
|
|
compression. You may use 1 to use the old zlib version (RFC1951) which
|
|
is used by PGP. 0 disables compression. The default algorithm may give
|
|
better results because the window size is not limited to 8K. If this
|
|
is not used the OpenPGP behavior is used, i.e. the compression
|
|
algorithm is selected from the preferences; note, that this can't be
|
|
done if you do not encrypt the data.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--disable-cipher-algo &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Never allow the use of &ParmName; as cipher algorithm.
|
|
The given name will not be checked so that a later loaded algorithm
|
|
will still get disabled.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--disable-pubkey-algo &ParmName;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Never allow the use of &ParmName; as public key algorithm.
|
|
The given name will not be checked so that a later loaded algorithm
|
|
will still get disabled.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-sig-cache</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Do not cache the verification status of key signatures.
|
|
Caching gives a much better performance in key listings. However, if
|
|
you suspect that your public keyring is not save against write
|
|
modifications, you can use this option to disable the caching. It
|
|
probably does not make sense to disable it because all kind of damage
|
|
can be done if someone else has write access to your public keyring.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-sig-create-check</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
GnuPG normally verifies each signature right after creation to protect
|
|
against bugs and hardware malfunctions which could leak out bits from
|
|
the secret key. This extra verification needs some time (about 115%
|
|
for DSA keys), and so this option can be used to disable it.
|
|
However, due to the fact that the signature creation needs manual
|
|
interaction, this performance penalty does not matter in most settings.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--auto-check-trustdb</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
If GnuPG feels that its information about the Web-of-Trust has to be
|
|
updated, it automatically runs the --check-trustdb command
|
|
internally. This may be a time consuming process.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-auto-check-trustdb</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Resets the --auto-check-trustdb option.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--throw-keyid</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Do not put the keyid into encrypted packets. This option
|
|
hides the receiver of the message and is a countermeasure
|
|
against traffic analysis. It may slow down the decryption
|
|
process because all available secret keys are tried.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--not-dash-escaped</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
This option changes the behavior of cleartext signatures
|
|
so that they can be used for patch files. You should not
|
|
send such an armored file via email because all spaces
|
|
and line endings are hashed too. You can not use this
|
|
option for data which has 5 dashes at the beginning of a
|
|
line, patch files don't have this. A special armor header
|
|
line tells GnuPG about this cleartext signature option.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--escape-from-lines</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Because some mailers change lines starting with "From "
|
|
to "<From " it is good to handle such lines in a special
|
|
way when creating cleartext signatures. All other PGP
|
|
versions do it this way too. This option is not enabled
|
|
by default because it would violate rfc2440.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--passphrase-fd &ParmN;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Read the passphrase from file descriptor &ParmN;. If you use
|
|
0 for &ParmN;, the passphrase will be read from stdin. This
|
|
can only be used if only one passphrase is supplied.
|
|
<!--fixme: make this print strong-->
|
|
Don't use this option if you can avoid it.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--command-fd &ParmN;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
This is a replacement for the deprecated shared-memory IPC mode.
|
|
If this option is enabled, user input on questions is not expected
|
|
from the TTY but from the given file descriptor. It should be used
|
|
together with --status-fd. See the file doc/DETAILS in the source
|
|
distribution for details on how to use it.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--use-agent</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Try to use the GnuPG-Agent. Please note that this agent is still under
|
|
development. With this option, GnuPG first tries to connect to the
|
|
agent before it asks for a passphrase.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--gpg-agent-info</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Override the value of the environment variable
|
|
<literal>GPG_AGENT_INFO</>. This is only used when --use-agent has been given
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--rfc1991</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Try to be more RFC1991 (PGP 2.x) compliant.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--pgp2</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Set up all options to be as PGP 2.x compliant as possible, and warn if
|
|
an action is taken (e.g. encrypting to a non-RSA key) that will create
|
|
a message that PGP 2.x will not be able to handle. Note that `PGP
|
|
2.x' here means `MIT PGP 2.6.2'. There are other versions of PGP 2.x
|
|
available, but the MIT release is a good common baseline.
|
|
</para><para>
|
|
This option implies `--rfc1991 --no-openpgp --disable-mdc
|
|
--no-force-v4-certs --no-comment --escape-from-lines --force-v3-sigs
|
|
--no-ask-sig-expire --no-ask-cert-expire --cipher-algo IDEA
|
|
--digest-algo MD5 --compress-algo 1'
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-pgp2</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Resets the --pgp2 option.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--pgp6</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Set up all options to be as PGP 6 compliant as possible. This
|
|
restricts you to the ciphers IDEA (if the IDEA plugin is installed),
|
|
3DES, and CAST5, the hashes MD5, SHA1 and RIPEMD160, and the
|
|
compression algorithms none and ZIP. This also disables making
|
|
signatures with signing subkeys as PGP 6 does not understand
|
|
signatures made by signing subkeys.
|
|
</para><para>
|
|
This option implies `--disable-mdc --no-comment --escape-from-lines
|
|
--force-v3-sigs --no-ask-sig-expire --compress-algo 1'
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-pgp6</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Resets the --pgp6 option.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--pgp7</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Set up all options to be as PGP 7 compliant as possible. This is
|
|
identical to --pgp6 except that the list of allowable ciphers is
|
|
expanded to add AES128, AES192, AES256, and TWOFISH.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-pgp7</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Resets the --pgp7 option.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--openpgp</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Reset all packet, cipher and digest options to OpenPGP behavior. Use
|
|
this option to reset all previous options like --rfc1991,
|
|
--force-v3-sigs, --s2k-*, --cipher-algo, --digest-algo and
|
|
--compress-algo to OpenPGP compliant values. All PGP workarounds are
|
|
also disabled.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--force-v3-sigs</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
OpenPGP states that an implementation should generate v4 signatures
|
|
but PGP versions 5 and higher only recognize v4 signatures on key
|
|
material. This option forces v3 signatures for signatures on data.
|
|
Note that this option overrides --ask-sig-expire, as v3 signatures
|
|
cannot have expiration dates.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-force-v3-sigs</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Reset the --force-v3-sigs option.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--force-v4-certs</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Always use v4 key signatures even on v3 keys. This option also
|
|
changes the default hash algorithm for v3 RSA keys from MD5 to SHA-1.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-force-v4-certs</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Reset the --force-v4-certs option.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--force-mdc</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Force the use of encryption with appended manipulation code. This is
|
|
always used with the newer ciphers (those with a blocksize greater
|
|
than 64 bit).
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--allow-non-selfsigned-uid</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Allow the import and use of keys with user IDs which are not
|
|
self-signed. This is not recommended, as a non self-signed user ID is
|
|
trivial to forge.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-allow-non-selfsigned-uid</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Reset the --allow-non-selfsigned-uid option.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--allow-freeform-uid</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Disable all checks on the form of the user ID while generating a new
|
|
one. This option should only be used in very special environments as
|
|
it does not ensure the de-facto standard format of user IDs.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--ignore-time-conflict</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
GnuPG normally checks that the timestamps associated with keys and
|
|
signatures have plausible values. However, sometimes a signature seems to
|
|
be older than the key due to clock problems. This option makes these
|
|
checks just a warning.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--ignore-valid-from</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
GnuPG normally does not select and use subkeys created in the future. This
|
|
option allows the use of such keys and thus exhibits the pre-1.0.7
|
|
behaviour. You should not use this option unless you there is some
|
|
clock problem.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--ignore-crc-error</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
The ASCII armor used by OpenPG is protected by a CRC checksum against
|
|
transmission errors. Sometimes it happens that the CRC gets mangled
|
|
somewhere on the transmission channel
|
|
but the actual content (which is anyway protected by
|
|
the OpenPGP protocol) is still okay. This option will let gpg ignore
|
|
CRC errors.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--lock-once</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Lock the databases the first time a lock is requested
|
|
and do not release the lock until the process
|
|
terminates.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--lock-multiple</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Release the locks every time a lock is no longer
|
|
needed. Use this to override a previous --lock-once
|
|
from a config file.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--lock-never</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Disable locking entirely. This option should be used only in very
|
|
special environments, where it can be assured that only one process
|
|
is accessing those files. A bootable floppy with a stand-alone
|
|
encryption system will probably use this. Improper usage of this
|
|
option may lead to data and key corruption.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-random-seed-file</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
GnuPG uses a file to store its internal random pool over invocations.
|
|
This makes random generation faster; however sometimes write operations
|
|
are not desired. This option can be used to achieve that with the cost of
|
|
slower random generation.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-verbose</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Reset verbose level to 0.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-greeting</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Suppress the initial copyright message but do not
|
|
enter batch mode.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-secmem-warning</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Suppress the warning about "using insecure memory".
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-permission-warning</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Suppress the warning about unsafe file permissions.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-armor</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Assume the input data is not in ASCII armored format.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-default-keyring</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Do not add the default keyrings to the list of
|
|
keyrings.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--skip-verify</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Skip the signature verification step. This may be
|
|
used to make the decryption faster if the signature
|
|
verification is not needed.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--with-colons</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Print key listings delimited by colons. Note, that the output will be
|
|
encoded in UTF-8 regardless of any --charset setting.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--with-key-data</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Print key listings delimited by colons (like --with-colons) and print the public key data.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--with-fingerprint</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Same as the command --fingerprint but changes only the format of the output
|
|
and may be used together with another command.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--fast-list-mode</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Changes the output of the list commands to work faster; this is achieved
|
|
by leaving some parts empty. Some applications don't need the user ID and
|
|
the trust information given in the listings. By using this options they
|
|
can get a faster listing. The exact behaviour of this option may change
|
|
in future versions.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--fixed-list-mode</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Do not merge user ID and primary key in --with-colon listing mode and
|
|
print all timestamps as seconds since 1970-01-01.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--list-only</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Changes the behaviour of some commands. This is like --dry-run but
|
|
different in some cases. The semantic of this command may be extended in
|
|
the future. Currently it only skips the actual decryption pass and
|
|
therefore enables a fast listing of the encryption keys.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-literal</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
This is not for normal use. Use the source to see for what it might be useful.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--set-filesize</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
This is not for normal use. Use the source to see for what it might be useful.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--emulate-md-encode-bug</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
GnuPG versions prior to 1.0.2 had a bug in the way a signature was encoded.
|
|
This options enables a workaround by checking faulty signatures again with
|
|
the encoding used in old versions. This may only happen for ElGamal signatures
|
|
which are not widely used.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--show-session-key</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Display the session key used for one message. See --override-session-key
|
|
for the counterpart of this option.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
We think that Key-Escrow is a Bad Thing; however the user should
|
|
have the freedom to decide whether to go to prison or to reveal the content of
|
|
one specific message without compromising all messages ever encrypted for one
|
|
secret key. DON'T USE IT UNLESS YOU ARE REALLY FORCED TO DO SO.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--override-session-key &ParmString; </term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Don't use the public key but the session key &ParmString;. The format of this
|
|
string is the same as the one printed by --show-session-key. This option
|
|
is normally not used but comes handy in case someone forces you to reveal the
|
|
content of an encrypted message; using this option you can do this without
|
|
handing out the secret key.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--ask-sig-expire</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
When making a data signature, prompt for an expiration time. If this
|
|
option is not specified, the expiration time is "never".
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-ask-sig-expire</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Resets the --ask-sig-expire option.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--ask-cert-expire</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
When making a key signature, prompt for an expiration time. If this
|
|
option is not specified, the expiration time is "never".
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-ask-cert-expire</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Resets the --ask-cert-expire option.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--expert</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Allow the user to do certain nonsensical or "silly" things like
|
|
signing an expired or revoked key, or certain potentially incompatible
|
|
things like generating deprecated key types. In general, this option
|
|
is for experts only. If you don't fully understand the implications
|
|
of what it allows you to do, leave this off.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-expert</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Resets the --expert option.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--merge-only</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Don't insert new keys into the keyrings while doing an import.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--allow-secret-key-import</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
This is an obsolete option and is not used anywhere.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--try-all-secrets</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Don't look at the key ID as stored in the message but try all secret keys in
|
|
turn to find the right decryption key. This option forces the behaviour as
|
|
used by anonymous recipients (created by using --throw-keyid) and might come
|
|
handy in case where an encrypted message contains a bogus key ID.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--enable-special-filenames</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
This options enables a mode in which filenames of the form
|
|
<filename>-&n</>, where n is a non-negative decimal number,
|
|
refer to the file descriptor n and not to a file with that name.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--no-expensive-trust-checks</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Experimental use only.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--preserve-permissions</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Don't change the permissions of a secret keyring back to user
|
|
read/write only. Use this option only if you really know what you are doing.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--personal-preference-list &ParmString</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Set the list of personal preferences to &ParmString;, this list should
|
|
be a string similar to the one printed by the command "pref" in the
|
|
edit menu. This allows the user to factor in their own preferred
|
|
algorithms when algorithms are chosen via recipient key preferences.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>--default-preference-list &ParmString</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Set the list of default preferences to &ParmString;, this list should
|
|
be a string similar to the one printed by the command "pref" in the
|
|
edit menu. This affects both key generation and "updpref" in the edit
|
|
menu.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>How to specify a user ID</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
There are different ways on how to specify a user ID to GnuPG;
|
|
here are some examples:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term></term>
|
|
<listitem><para></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>234567C4</term>
|
|
<term>0F34E556E</term>
|
|
<term>01347A56A</term>
|
|
<term>0xAB123456</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Here the key ID is given in the usual short form.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>234AABBCC34567C4</term>
|
|
<term>0F323456784E56EAB</term>
|
|
<term>01AB3FED1347A5612</term>
|
|
<term>0x234AABBCC34567C4</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Here the key ID is given in the long form as used by OpenPGP
|
|
(you can get the long key ID using the option --with-colons).
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>1234343434343434C434343434343434</term>
|
|
<term>123434343434343C3434343434343734349A3434</term>
|
|
<term>0E12343434343434343434EAB3484343434343434</term>
|
|
<term>0xE12343434343434343434EAB3484343434343434</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
The best way to specify a key ID is by using the fingerprint of
|
|
the key. This avoids any ambiguities in case that there are duplicated
|
|
key IDs (which are really rare for the long key IDs).
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>=Heinrich Heine <heinrichh@uni-duesseldorf.de></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Using an exact to match string. The equal sign indicates this.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><heinrichh@uni-duesseldorf.de></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Using the email address part which must match exactly. The left angle bracket
|
|
indicates this email address mode.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>+Heinrich Heine duesseldorf</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
All words must match exactly (not case sensitive) but can appear in
|
|
any order in the user ID. Words are any sequences of letters,
|
|
digits, the underscore and all characters with bit 7 set.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Heine</term>
|
|
<term>*Heine</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
By case insensitive substring matching. This is the default mode but
|
|
applications may want to explicitly indicate this by putting the asterisk
|
|
in front.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Note that you can append an exclamation mark to key IDs or
|
|
fingerprints. This flag which tells GnuPG to use exactly
|
|
that primary or secondary key and don't try to figure out which
|
|
secondary or primary key to use.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>RETURN VALUE</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The program returns 0 if everything was fine, 1 if at least
|
|
a signature was bad, and other error codes for fatal errors.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>EXAMPLES</title>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>gpg -se -r <parameter/Bob/ &ParmFile;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>sign and encrypt for user Bob</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>gpg --clearsign &ParmFile;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>make a clear text signature</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>gpg -sb &ParmFile;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>make a detached signature</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>gpg --list-keys <parameter/user_ID/</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>show keys</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>gpg --fingerprint <parameter/user_ID/</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>show fingerprint</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>gpg --verify <parameter/pgpfile/</term>
|
|
<term>gpg --verify <parameter/sigfile/ &OptParmFiles;</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Verify the signature of the file but do not output the data. The second form
|
|
is used for detached signatures, where <parameter/sigfile/ is the detached
|
|
signature (either ASCII armored of binary) and &OptParmFiles are the signed
|
|
data; if this is not given the name of the file holding the signed data is
|
|
constructed by cutting off the extension (".asc" or ".sig") of
|
|
<parameter/sigfile/ or by asking the user for the filename.
|
|
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>ENVIRONMENT</title>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>HOME</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Used to locate the default home directory.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>GNUPGHOME</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>If set directory used instead of "~/.gnupg".</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>GPG_AGENT_INFO</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Used to locate the gpg-agent; only honored when
|
|
--use-agent is set. The value consists of 3 colon delimited fields:
|
|
The first is the path to the Unix Domain Socket, the second the PID of
|
|
the gpg-agent and the protocol version which should be set to 1. When
|
|
starting the gpg-agent as described in its documentation, this
|
|
variable is set to the correct value. The option --gpg-agent-info can
|
|
be used to overide it.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>http_proxy</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Only honored when the option --honor-http-proxy is set.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>FILES</title>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>~/.gnupg/secring.gpg</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>The secret keyring</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>~/.gnupg/secring.gpg.lock</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>and the lock file</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>~/.gnupg/pubring.gpg</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>The public keyring</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>~/.gnupg/pubring.gpg.lock</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>and the lock file</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>~/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>The trust database</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>~/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg.lock</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>and the lock file</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>~/.gnupg/random_seed</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>used to preserve the internal random pool</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>~/.gnupg/options</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>May contain options</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>/usr[/local]/share/gnupg/options.skel</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Skeleton options file</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>/usr[/local]/lib/gnupg/</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Default location for extensions</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- SEE ALSO not yet needed-->
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>WARNINGS</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use a *good* password for your user account and a *good* passphrase
|
|
to protect your secret key. This passphrase is the weakest part of the
|
|
whole system. Programs to do dictionary attacks on your secret keyring
|
|
are very easy to write and so you should protect your "~/.gnupg/"
|
|
directory very well.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Keep in mind that, if this program is used over a network (telnet), it
|
|
is *very* easy to spy out your passphrase!
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you are going to verify detached signatures, make sure that the
|
|
program knows about it; either be giving both filenames on the
|
|
commandline or using <literal>-</literal> to specify stdin.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>BUGS</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
On many systems this program should be installed as setuid(root). This
|
|
is necessary to lock memory pages. Locking memory pages prevents the
|
|
operating system from writing memory pages to disk. If you get no
|
|
warning message about insecure memory your operating system supports
|
|
locking without being root. The program drops root privileges as soon
|
|
as locked memory is allocated.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|
|
|