@c Copyright (C) 2004, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @c This is part of the GnuPG manual. @c For copying conditions, see the file GnuPG.texi. @node Helper Tools @chapter Helper Tools GnuPG comes with a couple of smaller tools: @menu * watchgnupg:: Read logs from a socket. * gpgv:: Verify OpenPGP signatures. * addgnupghome:: Create .gnupg home directories. * gpgconf:: Modify .gnupg home directories. * applygnupgdefaults:: Run gpgconf for all users. * gpgsm-gencert.sh:: Generate an X.509 certificate request. * gpg-preset-passphrase:: Put a passphrase into the cache. * gpg-connect-agent:: Communicate with a running agent. @ifset gpgtwoone * dirmngr-client:: How to use the Dirmngr client tool. @end ifset * gpgparsemail:: Parse a mail message into an annotated format * symcryptrun:: Call a simple symmetric encryption tool. * gpg-zip:: Encrypt or sign files into an archive. @end menu @c @c WATCHGNUPG @c @manpage watchgnupg.1 @node watchgnupg @section Read logs from a socket @ifset manverb .B watchgnupg \- Read and print logs from a socket @end ifset @mansect synopsis @ifset manverb .B watchgnupg .RB [ \-\-force ] .RB [ \-\-verbose ] .I socketname @end ifset @mansect description Most of the main utilities are able to write their log files to a Unix Domain socket if configured that way. @command{watchgnupg} is a simple listener for such a socket. It ameliorates the output with a time stamp and makes sure that long lines are not interspersed with log output from other utilities. This tool is not available for Windows. @noindent @command{watchgnupg} is commonly invoked as @example watchgnupg --force ~/.gnupg/S.log @end example @manpause @noindent This starts it on the current terminal for listening on the socket @file{~/.gnupg/S.log}. @mansect options @noindent @command{watchgnupg} understands these options: @table @gnupgtabopt @item --force @opindex force Delete an already existing socket file. @anchor{option watchgnupg --tcp} @item --tcp @var{n} Instead of reading from a local socket, listen for connects on TCP port @var{n}. @item --verbose @opindex verbose Enable extra informational output. @item --version @opindex version Print version of the program and exit. @item --help @opindex help Display a brief help page and exit. @end table @noindent @mansect examples @chapheading Examples @example $ watchgnupg --force /home/foo/.gnupg/S.log @end example This waits for connections on the local socket @file{/home/foo/.gnupg/S.log} and shows all log entries. To make this work the option @option{log-file} needs to be used with all modules which logs are to be shown. The value for that option must be given with a special prefix (e.g. in the conf file): @example log-file socket:///home/foo/.gnupg/S.log @end example For debugging purposes it is also possible to do remote logging. Take care if you use this feature because the information is send in the clear over the network. Use this syntax in the conf files: @example log-file tcp://192.168.1.1:4711 @end example You may use any port and not just 4711 as shown above; only IP addresses are supported (v4 and v6) and no host names. You need to start @command{watchgnupg} with the @option{tcp} option. Note that under Windows the registry entry @var{HKCU\Software\GNU\GnuPG:DefaultLogFile} can be used to change the default log output from @code{stderr} to whatever is given by that entry. However the only useful entry is a TCP name for remote debugging. @mansect see also @ifset isman @command{gpg}(1), @command{gpgsm}(1), @command{gpg-agent}(1), @command{scdaemon}(1) @end ifset @include see-also-note.texi @c @c GPGV @c @include gpgv.texi @c @c ADDGNUPGHOME @c @manpage addgnupghome.8 @node addgnupghome @section Create .gnupg home directories. @ifset manverb .B addgnupghome \- Create .gnupg home directories @end ifset @mansect synopsis @ifset manverb .B addgnupghome .I account_1 .IR account_2 ... account_n @end ifset @mansect description If GnuPG is installed on a system with existing user accounts, it is sometimes required to populate the GnuPG home directory with existing files. Especially a @file{trustlist.txt} and a keybox with some initial certificates are often desired. This scripts help to do this by copying all files from @file{/etc/skel/.gnupg} to the home directories of the accounts given on the command line. It takes care not to overwrite existing GnuPG home directories. @noindent @command{addgnupghome} is invoked by root as: @example addgnupghome account1 account2 ... accountn @end example @c @c GPGCONF @c @manpage gpgconf.1 @node gpgconf @section Modify .gnupg home directories. @ifset manverb .B gpgconf \- Modify .gnupg home directories @end ifset @mansect synopsis @ifset manverb .B gpgconf .RI [ options ] .B \-\-list-components .br .B gpgconf .RI [ options ] .B \-\-list-options .I component .br .B gpgconf .RI [ options ] .B \-\-change-options .I component @end ifset @mansect description The @command{gpgconf} is a utility to automatically and reasonable safely query and modify configuration files in the @file{.gnupg} home directory. It is designed not to be invoked manually by the user, but automatically by graphical user interfaces (GUI).@footnote{Please note that currently no locking is done, so concurrent access should be avoided. There are some precautions to avoid corruption with concurrent usage, but results may be inconsistent and some changes may get lost. The stateless design makes it difficult to provide more guarantees.} @command{gpgconf} provides access to the configuration of one or more components of the GnuPG system. These components correspond more or less to the programs that exist in the GnuPG framework, like GnuPG, GPGSM, DirMngr, etc. But this is not a strict one-to-one relationship. Not all configuration options are available through @command{gpgconf}. @command{gpgconf} provides a generic and abstract method to access the most important configuration options that can feasibly be controlled via such a mechanism. @command{gpgconf} can be used to gather and change the options available in each component, and can also provide their default values. @command{gpgconf} will give detailed type information that can be used to restrict the user's input without making an attempt to commit the changes. @command{gpgconf} provides the backend of a configuration editor. The configuration editor would usually be a graphical user interface program, that allows to display the current options, their default values, and allows the user to make changes to the options. These changes can then be made active with @command{gpgconf} again. Such a program that uses @command{gpgconf} in this way will be called GUI throughout this section. @menu * Invoking gpgconf:: List of all commands and options. * Format conventions:: Formatting conventions relevant for all commands. * Listing components:: List all gpgconf components. * Checking programs:: Check all programs know to gpgconf. * Listing options:: List all options of a component. * Changing options:: Changing options of a component. * Listing global options:: List all global options. * Files used by gpgconf:: What files are used by gpgconf. @end menu @manpause @node Invoking gpgconf @subsection Invoking gpgconf @mansect commands One of the following commands must be given: @table @gnupgtabopt @item --list-components List all components. This is the default command used if none is specified. @item --check-programs List all available backend programs and test whether they are runnable. @item --list-options @var{component} List all options of the component @var{component}. @item --change-options @var{component} Change the options of the component @var{component}. @item --check-options @var{component} Check the options for the component @var{component}. @item --apply-defaults Update all configuration files with values taken from the global configuration file (usually @file{/etc/gnupg/gpgconf.conf}). @item --list-dirs Lists the directories used by @command{gpgconf}. One directory is listed per line, and each line consists of a colon-separated list where the first field names the directory type (for example @code{sysconfdir}) and the second field contains the percent-escaped directory. Although they are not directories, the socket file names used by @command{gpg-agent} and @command{dirmngr} are printed as well. Note that the socket file names and the @code{homedir} lines are the default names and they may be overridden by command line switches. @item --list-config [@var{filename}] List the global configuration file in a colon separated format. If @var{filename} is given, check that file instead. @item --check-config [@var{filename}] Run a syntax check on the global configuration file. If @var{filename} is given, check that file instead. @item --reload [@var{component}] @opindex reload Reload all or the given component. This is basically the same as sending a SIGHUP to the component. Components which don't support reloading are ignored. @ifset gpgtwoone @item --launch [@var{component}] @opindex launch If the @var{component} is not already running, start it. @command{component} must be a daemon. This is in general not required because the system starts these daemons as needed. However, external software making direct use of @command{gpg-agent} or @command{dirmngr} may use this command to ensure that they are started. @item --kill [@var{component}] @opindex kill Kill the given component. Components which support killing are gpg-agent and scdaemon. Components which don't support reloading are ignored. Note that as of now reload and kill have the same effect for scdaemon. @end ifset @end table @mansect options The following options may be used: @table @gnupgtabopt @item -o @var{file} @itemx --output @var{file} Write output to @var{file}. Default is to write to stdout. @item -v @itemx --verbose Outputs additional information while running. Specifically, this extends numerical field values by human-readable descriptions. @item -q @itemx --quiet @opindex quiet Try to be as quiet as possible. @item -n @itemx --dry-run Do not actually change anything. This is currently only implemented for @code{--change-options} and can be used for testing purposes. @item -r @itemx --runtime Only used together with @code{--change-options}. If one of the modified options can be changed in a running daemon process, signal the running daemon to ask it to reparse its configuration file after changing. This means that the changes will take effect at run-time, as far as this is possible. Otherwise, they will take effect at the next start of the respective backend programs. @manpause @end table @node Format conventions @subsection Format conventions Some lines in the output of @command{gpgconf} contain a list of colon-separated fields. The following conventions apply: @itemize @bullet @item The GUI program is required to strip off trailing newline and/or carriage return characters from the output. @item @command{gpgconf} will never leave out fields. If a certain version provides a certain field, this field will always be present in all @command{gpgconf} versions from that time on. @item Future versions of @command{gpgconf} might append fields to the list. New fields will always be separated from the previously last field by a colon separator. The GUI should be prepared to parse the last field it knows about up until a colon or end of line. @item Not all fields are defined under all conditions. You are required to ignore the content of undefined fields. @end itemize There are several standard types for the content of a field: @table @asis @item verbatim Some fields contain strings that are not escaped in any way. Such fields are described to be used @emph{verbatim}. These fields will never contain a colon character (for obvious reasons). No de-escaping or other formatting is required to use the field content. This is for easy parsing of the output, when it is known that the content can never contain any special characters. @item percent-escaped Some fields contain strings that are described to be @emph{percent-escaped}. Such strings need to be de-escaped before their content can be presented to the user. A percent-escaped string is de-escaped by replacing all occurrences of @code{%XY} by the byte that has the hexadecimal value @code{XY}. @code{X} and @code{Y} are from the set @code{0-9a-f}. @item localised Some fields contain strings that are described to be @emph{localised}. Such strings are translated to the active language and formatted in the active character set. @item @w{unsigned number} Some fields contain an @emph{unsigned number}. This number will always fit into a 32-bit unsigned integer variable. The number may be followed by a space, followed by a human readable description of that value (if the verbose option is used). You should ignore everything in the field that follows the number. @item @w{signed number} Some fields contain a @emph{signed number}. This number will always fit into a 32-bit signed integer variable. The number may be followed by a space, followed by a human readable description of that value (if the verbose option is used). You should ignore everything in the field that follows the number. @item @w{boolean value} Some fields contain a @emph{boolean value}. This is a number with either the value 0 or 1. The number may be followed by a space, followed by a human readable description of that value (if the verbose option is used). You should ignore everything in the field that follows the number; checking just the first character is sufficient in this case. @item option Some fields contain an @emph{option} argument. The format of an option argument depends on the type of the option and on some flags: @table @asis @item no argument The simplest case is that the option does not take an argument at all (@var{type} @code{0}). Then the option argument is an unsigned number that specifies how often the option occurs. If the @code{list} flag is not set, then the only valid number is @code{1}. Options that do not take an argument never have the @code{default} or @code{optional arg} flag set. @item number If the option takes a number argument (@var{alt-type} is @code{2} or @code{3}), and it can only occur once (@code{list} flag is not set), then the option argument is either empty (only allowed if the argument is optional), or it is a number. A number is a string that begins with an optional minus character, followed by one or more digits. The number must fit into an integer variable (unsigned or signed, depending on @var{alt-type}). @item number list If the option takes a number argument and it can occur more than once, then the option argument is either empty, or it is a comma-separated list of numbers as described above. @item string If the option takes a string argument (@var{alt-type} is 1), and it can only occur once (@code{list} flag is not set) then the option argument is either empty (only allowed if the argument is optional), or it starts with a double quote character (@code{"}) followed by a percent-escaped string that is the argument value. Note that there is only a leading double quote character, no trailing one. The double quote character is only needed to be able to differentiate between no value and the empty string as value. @item string list If the option takes a number argument and it can occur more than once, then the option argument is either empty, or it is a comma-separated list of string arguments as described above. @end table @end table The active language and character set are currently determined from the locale environment of the @command{gpgconf} program. @c FIXME: Document the active language and active character set. Allow @c to change it via the command line? @mansect usage @node Listing components @subsection Listing components The command @code{--list-components} will list all components that can be configured with @command{gpgconf}. Usually, one component will correspond to one GnuPG-related program and contain the options of that programs configuration file that can be modified using @command{gpgconf}. However, this is not necessarily the case. A component might also be a group of selected options from several programs, or contain entirely virtual options that have a special effect rather than changing exactly one option in one configuration file. A component is a set of configuration options that semantically belong together. Furthermore, several changes to a component can be made in an atomic way with a single operation. The GUI could for example provide a menu with one entry for each component, or a window with one tabulator sheet per component. The command argument @code{--list-components} lists all available components, one per line. The format of each line is: @code{@var{name}:@var{description}:@var{pgmname}:} @table @var @item name This field contains a name tag of the component. The name tag is used to specify the component in all communication with @command{gpgconf}. The name tag is to be used @emph{verbatim}. It is thus not in any escaped format. @item description The @emph{string} in this field contains a human-readable description of the component. It can be displayed to the user of the GUI for informational purposes. It is @emph{percent-escaped} and @emph{localized}. @item pgmname The @emph{string} in this field contains the absolute name of the program's file. It can be used to unambiguously invoke that program. It is @emph{percent-escaped}. @end table Example: @example $ gpgconf --list-components gpg:GPG for OpenPGP:/usr/local/bin/gpg2: gpg-agent:GPG Agent:/usr/local/bin/gpg-agent: scdaemon:Smartcard Daemon:/usr/local/bin/scdaemon: gpgsm:GPG for S/MIME:/usr/local/bin/gpgsm: dirmngr:Directory Manager:/usr/local/bin/dirmngr: @end example @node Checking programs @subsection Checking programs The command @code{--check-programs} is similar to @code{--list-components} but works on backend programs and not on components. It runs each program to test whether it is installed and runnable. This also includes a syntax check of all config file options of the program. The command argument @code{--check-programs} lists all available programs, one per line. The format of each line is: @code{@var{name}:@var{description}:@var{pgmname}:@var{avail}:@var{okay}:@var{cfgfile}:@var{line}:@var{error}:} @table @var @item name This field contains a name tag of the program which is identical to the name of the component. The name tag is to be used @emph{verbatim}. It is thus not in any escaped format. This field may be empty to indicate a continuation of error descriptions for the last name. The description and pgmname fields are then also empty. @item description The @emph{string} in this field contains a human-readable description of the component. It can be displayed to the user of the GUI for informational purposes. It is @emph{percent-escaped} and @emph{localized}. @item pgmname The @emph{string} in this field contains the absolute name of the program's file. It can be used to unambiguously invoke that program. It is @emph{percent-escaped}. @item avail The @emph{boolean value} in this field indicates whether the program is installed and runnable. @item okay The @emph{boolean value} in this field indicates whether the program's config file is syntactically okay. @item cfgfile If an error occurred in the configuration file (as indicated by a false value in the field @code{okay}), this field has the name of the failing configuration file. It is @emph{percent-escaped}. @item line If an error occurred in the configuration file, this field has the line number of the failing statement in the configuration file. It is an @emph{unsigned number}. @item error If an error occurred in the configuration file, this field has the error text of the failing statement in the configuration file. It is @emph{percent-escaped} and @emph{localized}. @end table @noindent In the following example the @command{dirmngr} is not runnable and the configuration file of @command{scdaemon} is not okay. @example $ gpgconf --check-programs gpg:GPG for OpenPGP:/usr/local/bin/gpg2:1:1: gpg-agent:GPG Agent:/usr/local/bin/gpg-agent:1:1: scdaemon:Smartcard Daemon:/usr/local/bin/scdaemon:1:0: gpgsm:GPG for S/MIME:/usr/local/bin/gpgsm:1:1: dirmngr:Directory Manager:/usr/local/bin/dirmngr:0:0: @end example @noindent The command @w{@code{--check-options @var{component}}} will verify the configuration file in the same manner as @code{--check-programs}, but only for the component @var{component}. @node Listing options @subsection Listing options Every component contains one or more options. Options may be gathered into option groups to allow the GUI to give visual hints to the user about which options are related. The command argument @code{@w{--list-options @var{component}}} lists all options (and the groups they belong to) in the component @var{component}, one per line. @var{component} must be the string in the field @var{name} in the output of the @code{--list-components} command. There is one line for each option and each group. First come all options that are not in any group. Then comes a line describing a group. Then come all options that belong into each group. Then comes the next group and so on. There does not need to be any group (and in this case the output will stop after the last non-grouped option). The format of each line is: @code{@var{name}:@var{flags}:@var{level}:@var{description}:@var{type}:@var{alt-type}:@var{argname}:@var{default}:@var{argdef}:@var{value}} @table @var @item name This field contains a name tag for the group or option. The name tag is used to specify the group or option in all communication with @command{gpgconf}. The name tag is to be used @emph{verbatim}. It is thus not in any escaped format. @item flags The flags field contains an @emph{unsigned number}. Its value is the OR-wise combination of the following flag values: @table @code @item group (1) If this flag is set, this is a line describing a group and not an option. @end table The following flag values are only defined for options (that is, if the @code{group} flag is not used). @table @code @item optional arg (2) If this flag is set, the argument is optional. This is never set for @var{type} @code{0} (none) options. @item list (4) If this flag is set, the option can be given multiple times. @item runtime (8) If this flag is set, the option can be changed at runtime. @item default (16) If this flag is set, a default value is available. @item default desc (32) If this flag is set, a (runtime) default is available. This and the @code{default} flag are mutually exclusive. @item no arg desc (64) If this flag is set, and the @code{optional arg} flag is set, then the option has a special meaning if no argument is given. @item no change (128) If this flag is set, gpgconf ignores requests to change the value. GUI frontends should grey out this option. Note, that manual changes of the configuration files are still possible. @end table @item level This field is defined for options and for groups. It contains an @emph{unsigned number} that specifies the expert level under which this group or option should be displayed. The following expert levels are defined for options (they have analogous meaning for groups): @table @code @item basic (0) This option should always be offered to the user. @item advanced (1) This option may be offered to advanced users. @item expert (2) This option should only be offered to expert users. @item invisible (3) This option should normally never be displayed, not even to expert users. @item internal (4) This option is for internal use only. Ignore it. @end table The level of a group will always be the lowest level of all options it contains. @item description This field is defined for options and groups. The @emph{string} in this field contains a human-readable description of the option or group. It can be displayed to the user of the GUI for informational purposes. It is @emph{percent-escaped} and @emph{localized}. @item type This field is only defined for options. It contains an @emph{unsigned number} that specifies the type of the option's argument, if any. The following types are defined: Basic types: @table @code @item none (0) No argument allowed. @item string (1) An @emph{unformatted string}. @item int32 (2) A @emph{signed number}. @item uint32 (3) An @emph{unsigned number}. @end table Complex types: @table @code @item pathname (32) A @emph{string} that describes the pathname of a file. The file does not necessarily need to exist. @item ldap server (33) A @emph{string} that describes an LDAP server in the format: @code{@var{hostname}:@var{port}:@var{username}:@var{password}:@var{base_dn}} @item key fingerprint (34) A @emph{string} with a 40 digit fingerprint specifying a certificate. @item pub key (35) A @emph{string} that describes a certificate by user ID, key ID or fingerprint. @item sec key (36) A @emph{string} that describes a certificate with a key by user ID, key ID or fingerprint. @item alias list (37) A @emph{string} that describes an alias list, like the one used with gpg's group option. The list consists of a key, an equal sign and space separated values. @end table More types will be added in the future. Please see the @var{alt-type} field for information on how to cope with unknown types. @item alt-type This field is identical to @var{type}, except that only the types @code{0} to @code{31} are allowed. The GUI is expected to present the user the option in the format specified by @var{type}. But if the argument type @var{type} is not supported by the GUI, it can still display the option in the more generic basic type @var{alt-type}. The GUI must support all the defined basic types to be able to display all options. More basic types may be added in future versions. If the GUI encounters a basic type it doesn't support, it should report an error and abort the operation. @item argname This field is only defined for options with an argument type @var{type} that is not @code{0}. In this case it may contain a @emph{percent-escaped} and @emph{localised string} that gives a short name for the argument. The field may also be empty, though, in which case a short name is not known. @item default This field is defined only for options for which the @code{default} or @code{default desc} flag is set. If the @code{default} flag is set, its format is that of an @emph{option argument} (@xref{Format conventions}, for details). If the default value is empty, then no default is known. Otherwise, the value specifies the default value for this option. If the @code{default desc} flag is set, the field is either empty or contains a description of the effect if the option is not given. @item argdef This field is defined only for options for which the @code{optional arg} flag is set. If the @code{no arg desc} flag is not set, its format is that of an @emph{option argument} (@xref{Format conventions}, for details). If the default value is empty, then no default is known. Otherwise, the value specifies the default argument for this option. If the @code{no arg desc} flag is set, the field is either empty or contains a description of the effect of this option if no argument is given. @item value This field is defined only for options. Its format is that of an @emph{option argument}. If it is empty, then the option is not explicitly set in the current configuration, and the default applies (if any). Otherwise, it contains the current value of the option. Note that this field is also meaningful if the option itself does not take a real argument (in this case, it contains the number of times the option appears). @end table @node Changing options @subsection Changing options The command @w{@code{--change-options @var{component}}} will attempt to change the options of the component @var{component} to the specified values. @var{component} must be the string in the field @var{name} in the output of the @code{--list-components} command. You have to provide the options that shall be changed in the following format on standard input: @code{@var{name}:@var{flags}:@var{new-value}} @table @var @item name This is the name of the option to change. @var{name} must be the string in the field @var{name} in the output of the @code{--list-options} command. @item flags The flags field contains an @emph{unsigned number}. Its value is the OR-wise combination of the following flag values: @table @code @item default (16) If this flag is set, the option is deleted and the default value is used instead (if applicable). @end table @item new-value The new value for the option. This field is only defined if the @code{default} flag is not set. The format is that of an @emph{option argument}. If it is empty (or the field is omitted), the default argument is used (only allowed if the argument is optional for this option). Otherwise, the option will be set to the specified value. @end table @noindent The output of the command is the same as that of @code{--check-options} for the modified configuration file. Examples: To set the force option, which is of basic type @code{none (0)}: @example $ echo 'force:0:1' | gpgconf --change-options dirmngr @end example To delete the force option: @example $ echo 'force:16:' | gpgconf --change-options dirmngr @end example The @code{--runtime} option can influence when the changes take effect. @node Listing global options @subsection Listing global options Sometimes it is useful for applications to look at the global options file @file{gpgconf.conf}. The colon separated listing format is record oriented and uses the first field to identify the record type: @table @code @item k This describes a key record to start the definition of a new ruleset for a user/group. The format of a key record is: @code{k:@var{user}:@var{group}:} @table @var @item user This is the user field of the key. It is percent escaped. See the definition of the gpgconf.conf format for details. @item group This is the group field of the key. It is percent escaped. @end table @item r This describes a rule record. All rule records up to the next key record make up a rule set for that key. The format of a rule record is: @code{r:::@var{component}:@var{option}:@var{flags}:@var{value}:} @table @var @item component This is the component part of a rule. It is a plain string. @item option This is the option part of a rule. It is a plain string. @item flag This is the flags part of a rule. There may be only one flag per rule but by using the same component and option, several flags may be assigned to an option. It is a plain string. @item value This is the optional value for the option. It is a percent escaped string with a single quotation mark to indicate a string. The quotation mark is only required to distinguish between no value specified and an empty string. @end table @end table @noindent Unknown record types should be ignored. Note that there is intentionally no feature to change the global option file through @command{gpgconf}. @mansect files @node Files used by gpgconf @subsection Files used by gpgconf @table @file @item /etc/gnupg/gpgconf.conf @cindex gpgconf.conf If this file exists, it is processed as a global configuration file. A commented example can be found in the @file{examples} directory of the distribution. @end table @mansect see also @ifset isman @command{gpg}(1), @command{gpgsm}(1), @command{gpg-agent}(1), @command{scdaemon}(1), @command{dirmngr}(1) @end ifset @include see-also-note.texi @c @c APPLYGNUPGDEFAULTS @c @manpage applygnupgdefaults.8 @node applygnupgdefaults @section Run gpgconf for all users. @ifset manverb .B applygnupgdefaults \- Run gpgconf --apply-defaults for all users. @end ifset @mansect synopsis @ifset manverb .B applygnupgdefaults @end ifset @mansect description This script is a wrapper around @command{gpgconf} to run it with the command @code{--apply-defaults} for all real users with an existing GnuPG home directory. Admins might want to use this script to update he GnuPG configuration files for all users after @file{/etc/gnupg/gpgconf.conf} has been changed. This allows to enforce certain policies for all users. Note, that this is not a bulletproof of forcing a user to use certain options. A user may always directly edit the configuration files and bypass gpgconf. @noindent @command{applygnupgdefaults} is invoked by root as: @example applygnupgdefaults @end example @c @c GPGSM-GENCERT.SH @c @node gpgsm-gencert.sh @section Generate an X.509 certificate request @manpage gpgsm-gencert.sh.1 @ifset manverb .B gpgsm-gencert.sh \- Generate an X.509 certificate request @end ifset @mansect synopsis @ifset manverb .B gpgsm-gencert.sh @end ifset @mansect description This is a simple tool to interactively generate a certificate request which will be printed to stdout. @manpause @noindent @command{gpgsm-gencert.sh} is invoked as: @samp{gpgsm-cencert.sh} @mansect see also @ifset isman @command{gpgsm}(1), @command{gpg-agent}(1), @command{scdaemon}(1) @end ifset @include see-also-note.texi @c @c GPG-PRESET-PASSPHRASE @c @node gpg-preset-passphrase @section Put a passphrase into the cache. @manpage gpg-preset-passphrase.1 @ifset manverb .B gpg-preset-passphrase \- Put a passphrase into gpg-agent's cache @end ifset @mansect synopsis @ifset manverb .B gpg-preset-passphrase .RI [ options ] .RI [ command ] .I cache-id @end ifset @mansect description The @command{gpg-preset-passphrase} is a utility to seed the internal cache of a running @command{gpg-agent} with passphrases. It is mainly useful for unattended machines, where the usual @command{pinentry} tool may not be used and the passphrases for the to be used keys are given at machine startup. Passphrases set with this utility don't expire unless the @option{--forget} option is used to explicitly clear them from the cache --- or @command{gpg-agent} is either restarted or reloaded (by sending a SIGHUP to it). Note that the maximum cache time as set with @option{--max-cache-ttl} is still honored. It is necessary to allow this passphrase presetting by starting @command{gpg-agent} with the @option{--allow-preset-passphrase}. @menu * Invoking gpg-preset-passphrase:: List of all commands and options. @end menu @manpause @node Invoking gpg-preset-passphrase @subsection List of all commands and options. @mancont @noindent @command{gpg-preset-passphrase} is invoked this way: @example gpg-preset-passphrase [options] [command] @var{cacheid} @end example @var{cacheid} is either a 40 character keygrip of hexadecimal characters identifying the key for which the passphrase should be set or cleared. The keygrip is listed along with the key when running the command: @code{gpgsm --dump-secret-keys}. Alternatively an arbitrary string may be used to identify a passphrase; it is suggested that such a string is prefixed with the name of the application (e.g @code{foo:12346}). @noindent One of the following command options must be given: @table @gnupgtabopt @item --preset @opindex preset Preset a passphrase. This is what you usually will use. @command{gpg-preset-passphrase} will then read the passphrase from @code{stdin}. @item --forget @opindex forget Flush the passphrase for the given cache ID from the cache. @end table @noindent The following additional options may be used: @table @gnupgtabopt @item -v @itemx --verbose @opindex verbose Output additional information while running. @item -P @var{string} @itemx --passphrase @var{string} @opindex passphrase Instead of reading the passphrase from @code{stdin}, use the supplied @var{string} as passphrase. Note that this makes the passphrase visible for other users. @end table @mansect see also @ifset isman @command{gpg}(1), @command{gpgsm}(1), @command{gpg-agent}(1), @command{scdaemon}(1) @end ifset @include see-also-note.texi @c @c GPG-CONNECT-AGENT @c @node gpg-connect-agent @section Communicate with a running agent. @manpage gpg-connect-agent.1 @ifset manverb .B gpg-connect-agent \- Communicate with a running agent @end ifset @mansect synopsis @ifset manverb .B gpg-connect-agent .RI [ options ] [commands] @end ifset @mansect description The @command{gpg-connect-agent} is a utility to communicate with a running @command{gpg-agent}. It is useful to check out the commands gpg-agent provides using the Assuan interface. It might also be useful for scripting simple applications. Input is expected at stdin and out put gets printed to stdout. It is very similar to running @command{gpg-agent} in server mode; but here we connect to a running instance. @menu * Invoking gpg-connect-agent:: List of all options. * Controlling gpg-connect-agent:: Control commands. @end menu @manpause @node Invoking gpg-connect-agent @subsection List of all options. @noindent @command{gpg-connect-agent} is invoked this way: @example gpg-connect-agent [options] [commands] @end example @mancont @noindent The following options may be used: @table @gnupgtabopt @item -v @itemx --verbose @opindex verbose Output additional information while running. @item -q @item --quiet @opindex q @opindex quiet Try to be as quiet as possible. @include opt-homedir.texi @item --agent-program @var{file} @opindex agent-program Specify the agent program to be started if none is running. The default value is determined by running @command{gpgconf} with the option @option{--list-dirs}. Note that the pipe symbol (@code{|}) is used for a regression test suite hack and may thus not be used in the file name. @ifset gpgtwoone @item --dirmngr-program @var{file} @opindex dirmngr-program Specify the directory manager (keyserver client) program to be started if none is running. This has only an effect if used together with the option @option{--dirmngr}. @item --dirmngr @opindex dirmngr Connect to a running directory manager (keyserver client) instead of to the gpg-agent. If a dirmngr is not running, start it. @end ifset @item -S @itemx --raw-socket @var{name} @opindex raw-socket Connect to socket @var{name} assuming this is an Assuan style server. Do not run any special initializations or environment checks. This may be used to directly connect to any Assuan style socket server. @item -E @itemx --exec @opindex exec Take the rest of the command line as a program and it's arguments and execute it as an assuan server. Here is how you would run @command{gpgsm}: @smallexample gpg-connect-agent --exec gpgsm --server @end smallexample Note that you may not use options on the command line in this case. @item --no-ext-connect @opindex no-ext-connect When using @option{-S} or @option{--exec}, @command{gpg-connect-agent} connects to the assuan server in extended mode to allow descriptor passing. This option makes it use the old mode. @item --no-autostart @opindex no-autostart Do not start the gpg-agent or the dirmngr if it has not yet been started. @item -r @var{file} @itemx --run @var{file} @opindex run Run the commands from @var{file} at startup and then continue with the regular input method. Note, that commands given on the command line are executed after this file. @item -s @itemx --subst @opindex subst Run the command @code{/subst} at startup. @item --hex @opindex hex Print data lines in a hex format and the ASCII representation of non-control characters. @item --decode @opindex decode Decode data lines. That is to remove percent escapes but make sure that a new line always starts with a D and a space. @end table @mansect control commands @node Controlling gpg-connect-agent @subsection Control commands. While reading Assuan commands, gpg-agent also allows a few special commands to control its operation. These control commands all start with a slash (@code{/}). @table @code @item /echo @var{args} Just print @var{args}. @item /let @var{name} @var{value} Set the variable @var{name} to @var{value}. Variables are only substituted on the input if the @command{/subst} has been used. Variables are referenced by prefixing the name with a dollar sign and optionally include the name in curly braces. The rules for a valid name are identically to those of the standard bourne shell. This is not yet enforced but may be in the future. When used with curly braces no leading or trailing white space is allowed. If a variable is not found, it is searched in the environment and if found copied to the table of variables. Variable functions are available: The name of the function must be followed by at least one space and the at least one argument. The following functions are available: @table @code @item get Return a value described by the argument. Available arguments are: @table @code @item cwd The current working directory. @item homedir The gnupg homedir. @item sysconfdir GnuPG's system configuration directory. @item bindir GnuPG's binary directory. @item libdir GnuPG's library directory. @item libexecdir GnuPG's library directory for executable files. @item datadir GnuPG's data directory. @item serverpid The PID of the current server. Command @command{/serverpid} must have been given to return a useful value. @end table @item unescape @var{args} Remove C-style escapes from @var{args}. Note that @code{\0} and @code{\x00} terminate the returned string implicitly. The string to be converted are the entire arguments right behind the delimiting space of the function name. @item unpercent @var{args} @itemx unpercent+ @var{args} Remove percent style escaping from @var{args}. Note that @code{%00} terminates the string implicitly. The string to be converted are the entire arguments right behind the delimiting space of the function name. @code{unpercent+} also maps plus signs to a spaces. @item percent @var{args} @itemx percent+ @var{args} Escape the @var{args} using percent style escaping. Tabs, formfeeds, linefeeds, carriage returns and colons are escaped. @code{percent+} also maps spaces to plus signs. @item errcode @var{arg} @itemx errsource @var{arg} @itemx errstring @var{arg} Assume @var{arg} is an integer and evaluate it using @code{strtol}. Return the gpg-error error code, error source or a formatted string with the error code and error source. @item + @itemx - @itemx * @itemx / @itemx % Evaluate all arguments as long integers using @code{strtol} and apply this operator. A division by zero yields an empty string. @item ! @itemx | @itemx & Evaluate all arguments as long integers using @code{strtol} and apply the logical operators NOT, OR or AND. The NOT operator works on the last argument only. @end table @item /definq @var{name} @var{var} Use content of the variable @var{var} for inquiries with @var{name}. @var{name} may be an asterisk (@code{*}) to match any inquiry. @item /definqfile @var{name} @var{file} Use content of @var{file} for inquiries with @var{name}. @var{name} may be an asterisk (@code{*}) to match any inquiry. @item /definqprog @var{name} @var{prog} Run @var{prog} for inquiries matching @var{name} and pass the entire line to it as command line arguments. @item /datafile @var{name} Write all data lines from the server to the file @var{name}. The file is opened for writing and created if it does not exists. An existing file is first truncated to 0. The data written to the file fully decoded. Using a single dash for @var{name} writes to stdout. The file is kept open until a new file is set using this command or this command is used without an argument. @item /showdef Print all definitions @item /cleardef Delete all definitions @item /sendfd @var{file} @var{mode} Open @var{file} in @var{mode} (which needs to be a valid @code{fopen} mode string) and send the file descriptor to the server. This is usually followed by a command like @code{INPUT FD} to set the input source for other commands. @item /recvfd Not yet implemented. @item /open @var{var} @var{file} [@var{mode}] Open @var{file} and assign the file descriptor to @var{var}. Warning: This command is experimental and might change in future versions. @item /close @var{fd} Close the file descriptor @var{fd}. Warning: This command is experimental and might change in future versions. @item /showopen Show a list of open files. @item /serverpid Send the Assuan command @command{GETINFO pid} to the server and store the returned PID for internal purposes. @item /sleep Sleep for a second. @item /hex @itemx /nohex Same as the command line option @option{--hex}. @item /decode @itemx /nodecode Same as the command line option @option{--decode}. @item /subst @itemx /nosubst Enable and disable variable substitution. It defaults to disabled unless the command line option @option{--subst} has been used. If /subst as been enabled once, leading whitespace is removed from input lines which makes scripts easier to read. @item /while @var{condition} @itemx /end These commands provide a way for executing loops. All lines between the @code{while} and the corresponding @code{end} are executed as long as the evaluation of @var{condition} yields a non-zero value or is the string @code{true} or @code{yes}. The evaluation is done by passing @var{condition} to the @code{strtol} function. Example: @smallexample /subst /let i 3 /while $i /echo loop couter is $i /let i $@{- $i 1@} /end @end smallexample @item /if @var{condition} @itemx /end These commands provide a way for conditional execution. All lines between the @code{if} and the corresponding @code{end} are executed only if the evaluation of @var{condition} yields a non-zero value or is the string @code{true} or @code{yes}. The evaluation is done by passing @var{condition} to the @code{strtol} function. @item /run @var{file} Run commands from @var{file}. @item /bye Terminate the connection and the program @item /help Print a list of available control commands. @end table @ifset isman @mansect see also @command{gpg-agent}(1), @command{scdaemon}(1) @include see-also-note.texi @end ifset @ifset gpgtwoone @c @c DIRMNGR-CLIENT @c @node dirmngr-client @section The Dirmngr Client Tool @manpage dirmngr-client.1 @ifset manverb .B dirmngr-client \- Tool to access the Dirmngr services @end ifset @mansect synopsis @ifset manverb .B dirmngr-client .RI [ options ] .RI [ certfile | pattern ] @end ifset @mansect description The @command{dirmngr-client} is a simple tool to contact a running dirmngr and test whether a certificate has been revoked --- either by being listed in the corresponding CRL or by running the OCSP protocol. If no dirmngr is running, a new instances will be started but this is in general not a good idea due to the huge performance overhead. @noindent The usual way to run this tool is either: @example dirmngr-client @var{acert} @end example @noindent or @example dirmngr-client <@var{acert} @end example Where @var{acert} is one DER encoded (binary) X.509 certificates to be tested. @ifclear isman The return value of this command is @end ifclear @mansect return value @ifset isman @command{dirmngr-client} returns these values: @end ifset @table @code @item 0 The certificate under question is valid; i.e. there is a valid CRL available and it is not listed tehre or teh OCSP request returned that that certificate is valid. @item 1 The certificate has been revoked @item 2 (and other values) There was a problem checking the revocation state of the certificate. A message to stderr has given more detailed information. Most likely this is due to a missing or expired CRL or due to a network problem. @end table @mansect options @noindent @command{dirmngr-client} may be called with the following options: @table @gnupgtabopt @item --version @opindex version Print the program version and licensing information. Note that you cannot abbreviate this command. @item --help, -h @opindex help Print a usage message summarizing the most useful command-line options. Note that you cannot abbreviate this command. @item --quiet, -q @opindex quiet Make the output extra brief by suppressing any informational messages. @item -v @item --verbose @opindex v @opindex verbose Outputs additional information while running. You can increase the verbosity by giving several verbose commands to @sc{dirmngr}, such as @samp{-vv}. @item --pem @opindex pem Assume that the given certificate is in PEM (armored) format. @item --ocsp @opindex ocsp Do the check using the OCSP protocol and ignore any CRLs. @item --force-default-responder @opindex force-default-responder When checking using the OCSP protocl, force the use of the default OCSP responder. That is not to use the Reponder as given by the certificate. @item --ping @opindex ping Check whether the dirmngr daemon is up and running. @item --cache-cert @opindex cache-cert Put the given certificate into the cache of a running dirmngr. This is mainly useful for debugging. @item --validate @opindex validate Validate the given certificate using dirmngr's internal validation code. This is mainly useful for debugging. @item --load-crl @opindex load-crl This command expects a list of filenames with DER encoded CRL files. With the option @option{--url} URLs are expected in place of filenames and they are loaded directly from the given location. All CRLs will be validated and then loaded into dirmngr's cache. @item --lookup @opindex lookup Take the remaining arguments and run a lookup command on each of them. The results are Base-64 encoded outputs (without header lines). This may be used to retrieve certificates from a server. However the output format is not very well suited if more than one certificate is returned. @item --url @itemx -u @opindex url Modify the @command{lookup} and @command{load-crl} commands to take an URL. @item --local @itemx -l @opindex url Let the @command{lookup} command only search the local cache. @item --squid-mode @opindex squid-mode Run @sc{dirmngr-client} in a mode suitable as a helper program for Squid's @option{external_acl_type} option. @end table @ifset isman @mansect see also @command{dirmngr}(8), @command{gpgsm}(1) @include see-also-note.texi @end ifset @end ifset @c @c GPGPARSEMAIL @c @node gpgparsemail @section Parse a mail message into an annotated format @manpage gpgparsemail.1 @ifset manverb .B gpgparsemail \- Parse a mail message into an annotated format @end ifset @mansect synopsis @ifset manverb .B gpgparsemail .RI [ options ] .RI [ file ] @end ifset @mansect description The @command{gpgparsemail} is a utility currently only useful for debugging. Run it with @code{--help} for usage information. @c @c SYMCRYPTRUN @c @node symcryptrun @section Call a simple symmetric encryption tool. @manpage symcryptrun.1 @ifset manverb .B symcryptrun \- Call a simple symmetric encryption tool @end ifset @mansect synopsis @ifset manverb .B symcryptrun .B \-\-class .I class .B \-\-program .I program .B \-\-keyfile .I keyfile .RB [ --decrypt | --encrypt ] .RI [ inputfile ] @end ifset @mansect description Sometimes simple encryption tools are already in use for a long time and there might be a desire to integrate them into the GnuPG framework. The protocols and encryption methods might be non-standard or not even properly documented, so that a full-fledged encryption tool with an interface like gpg is not doable. @command{symcryptrun} provides a solution: It operates by calling the external encryption/decryption module and provides a passphrase for a key using the standard @command{pinentry} based mechanism through @command{gpg-agent}. Note, that @command{symcryptrun} is only available if GnuPG has been configured with @samp{--enable-symcryptrun} at build time. @menu * Invoking symcryptrun:: List of all commands and options. @end menu @manpause @node Invoking symcryptrun @subsection List of all commands and options. @noindent @command{symcryptrun} is invoked this way: @example symcryptrun --class CLASS --program PROGRAM --keyfile KEYFILE [--decrypt | --encrypt] [inputfile] @end example @mancont For encryption, the plain text must be provided on STDIN or as the argument @var{inputfile}, and the ciphertext will be output to STDOUT. For decryption vice versa. @var{CLASS} describes the calling conventions of the external tool. Currently it must be given as @samp{confucius}. @var{PROGRAM} is the full filename of that external tool. For the class @samp{confucius} the option @option{--keyfile} is required; @var{keyfile} is the name of a file containing the secret key, which may be protected by a passphrase. For detailed calling conventions, see the source code. @noindent Note, that @command{gpg-agent} must be running before starting @command{symcryptrun}. @noindent The following additional options may be used: @table @gnupgtabopt @item -v @itemx --verbose @opindex verbose Output additional information while running. @item -q @item --quiet @opindex q @opindex quiet Try to be as quiet as possible. @include opt-homedir.texi @item --log-file @var{file} @opindex log-file Append all logging output to @var{file}. Default is to write logging information to STDERR. @end table @noindent The possible exit status codes of @command{symcryptrun} are: @table @code @item 0 Success. @item 1 Some error occured. @item 2 No valid passphrase was provided. @item 3 The operation was canceled by the user. @end table @mansect see also @ifset isman @command{gpg}(1), @command{gpgsm}(1), @command{gpg-agent}(1), @end ifset @include see-also-note.texi @c @c GPG-ZIP @c @c The original manpage on which this section is based was written @c by Colin Tuckley and Daniel Leidert @c for the Debian distribution (but may be used by @c others). @manpage gpg-zip.1 @node gpg-zip @section Encrypt or sign files into an archive @ifset manverb .B gpg-zip \- Encrypt or sign files into an archive @end ifset @mansect synopsis @ifset manverb .B gpg-zip .RI [ options ] .I filename1 .I [ filename2, ... ] .I directory1 .I [ directory2, ... ] @end ifset @mansect description @command{gpg-zip} encrypts or signs files into an archive. It is an gpg-ized tar using the same format as used by PGP's PGP Zip. @manpause @noindent @command{gpg-zip} is invoked this way: @example gpg-zip [options] @var{filename1} [@var{filename2}, ...] @var{directory} [@var{directory2}, ...] @end example @mansect options @noindent @command{gpg-zip} understands these options: @table @gnupgtabopt @item --encrypt @itemx -e @opindex encrypt Encrypt data. This option may be combined with @option{--symmetric} (for output that may be decrypted via a secret key or a passphrase). @item --decrypt @itemx -d @opindex decrypt Decrypt data. @item --symmetric @itemx -c Encrypt with a symmetric cipher using a passphrase. The default symmetric cipher used is CAST5, but may be chosen with the @option{--cipher-algo} option to @command{gpg}. @item --sign @itemx -s Make a signature. See @command{gpg}. @item --recipient @var{user} @itemx -r @var{user} @opindex recipient Encrypt for user id @var{user}. See @command{gpg}. @item --local-user @var{user} @itemx -u @var{user} @opindex local-user Use @var{user} as the key to sign with. See @command{gpg}. @item --list-archive @opindex list-archive List the contents of the specified archive. @item --output @var{file} @itemx -o @var{file} @opindex output Write output to specified file @var{file}. @item --gpg @var{gpgcmd} @opindex gpg Use the specified command @var{gpgcmd} instead of @command{gpg}. @item --gpg-args @var{args} @opindex gpg-args Pass the specified options to @command{gpg}. @item --tar @var{tarcmd} @opindex tar Use the specified command @var{tarcmd} instead of @command{tar}. @item --tar-args @var{args} @opindex tar-args Pass the specified options to @command{tar}. @item --version @opindex version Print version of the program and exit. @item --help @opindex help Display a brief help page and exit. @end table @mansect diagnostics @noindent The program returns 0 if everything was fine, 1 otherwise. @mansect examples @ifclear isman @noindent Some examples: @end ifclear @noindent Encrypt the contents of directory @file{mydocs} for user Bob to file @file{test1}: @example gpg-zip --encrypt --output test1 --gpg-args -r Bob mydocs @end example @noindent List the contents of archive @file{test1}: @example gpg-zip --list-archive test1 @end example @mansect see also @ifset isman @command{gpg}(1), @command{tar}(1), @end ifset @include see-also-note.texi