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ABOUT-NLS
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ABOUT-NLS
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Notes on the GNU Translation Project
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************************************
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GNU is going international! The GNU Translation Project is a way to
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get maintainers, translators and users all together, so GNU will
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gradually become able to speak many native languages. A few packages
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already provide native language translation for their messages.
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If you found this `ABOUT-NLS' file inside a GNU distribution, you
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may assume that the distributed package does use GNU `gettext'
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internally, itself available at your nearest GNU archive site. But you
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do not need to install GNU `gettext' prior to configuring, installing
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or using this package with messages translated.
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Installers will find here some useful hints. These notes also
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explain how users should proceed for getting the programs to use the
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available translations. They tell how people wanting to contribute and
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work at translations should contact the appropriate team.
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When reporting bugs in the `intl/' directory or bugs which may be
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related to internationalization, you should tell about the version of
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`gettext' which is used. The information can be found in the
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`intl/VERSION' file, in internationalized packages.
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One advise in advance
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=====================
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If you want to exploit the full power of the GNU `gettext' package
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you should configure it using
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--with-gnu-gettext.
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No existing implementation at this point provides so many useful
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features (such as locale alias or message inheritance). It is also not
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possible to provide this additional functionality on top of a catgets
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implementation.
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Future versions of GNU `gettext' will very likely provide even more
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functionality. So it might be a good idea to change to GNU `gettext'
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as soon as possible.
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INSTALL Matters
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===============
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Some GNU packages are "localizable" when properly installed; the
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programs they contain can be made to speak your own native language.
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Most such packages use GNU `gettext'. Other packages have their own
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ways to internationalization, predating GNU `gettext'.
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By default, this package will be installed to allow translation of
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messages. It will automatically detect whether the system provides
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usable `catgets' or `gettext' functions. If neither is available, the
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GNU `gettext' own library will be used. However, installers may use
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special options at configuration time for changing this behaviour. The
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commands:
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./configure --with-gnu-gettext
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./configure --disable-nls
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will respectively bypass system `catgets' or `gettext' to use GNU
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`gettext', or else, totally disable translation of messages.
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When you already have GNU `gettext' installed on your system and run
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configure without an option for your new package, configure will
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probably detect the previously built and installed `libintl.a' file and
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will decide to use this. This might be not what is desirable. You
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should use the more recent version of the GNU `gettext' library. I.e.
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if the file `intl/VERSION' shows that the library which comes with this
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package is more recent, you should use
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./configure --with-gnu-gettext
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to prevent auto-detection.
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Internationalized packages have usually many `po/LL.po' files, where
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LL gives an ISO 639 two-letter code identifying the language. Unless
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translations are disabled, all those available are installed together
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with the package. However, the environment variable `LINGUAS' may be
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set, prior to configuration, to limit the installed set. `LINGUAS'
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should then contain a space separated list of two-letter codes, stating
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which languages are allowed.
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Using This Package
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==================
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As a user, if your language has been installed for this package, you
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only have to set the `LANG' environment variable to the appropriate
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ISO 639 `LL' two-letter code prior to using the programs in the
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package. For example, let's suppose that you speak German. At the
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shell prompt, merely execute `setenv LANG de' (in `csh') or
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`export LANG; LANG=de' (in `sh'). This can be done from your `.login'
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or `.profile' file, once and for all. Packages which are not
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internationalized will merely ignore the setting of this variable.
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Translating Teams
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=================
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The GNU `gettext' tool set contains *everything* maintainers need
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for internationalizing their packages for messages. It also contains
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quite useful tools for helping translators at localizing messages to
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their native language, once a package has already been
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internationalized.
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To achieve the GNU Translation Project, we need many interested
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people who like their own language and write it well, and who are also
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able to synergize with other translators speaking the same language.
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Each translating team has its own mailing list, courtesy of Linux
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International. You may reach your translating team at the address
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`LL@li.org', replacing LL by the two-letter ISO 639 code for your
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language. Language codes are *not* the same as country codes given in
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ISO 3166. The following translating teams exist, as of November 1995:
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Chinese `zh', Czech `cs', Danish `da', Dutch `nl', English `en',
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Esperanto `eo', Finnish `fi', French `fr', Irish `ga', German
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`de', Greek `el', Italian `it', Japanese `ja', Indonesian `in',
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Norwegian `no', Persian `fa', Polish `pl', Portuguese `pt',
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Russian `ru', Spanish `es', Swedish `sv', Telugu `te' and Turkish
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`tr'.
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For example, you may reach the Chinese translating team by writing to
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`zh@li.org'.
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If you'd like to volunteer to *work* at translating messages, you
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should become a member of the translating team for your own language.
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The subscribing address is *not* the same as the list itself, it has
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`-request' appended. For example, Swedish people can send a message to
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`sv-request@li.org', having this message body:
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subscribe
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Keep in mind that team members should be interested in *working* at
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translations, or at solving translational difficulties, rather than
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merely lurking around. If your team does not exist yet and you want to
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start one, please write to `gnu-translation@prep.ai.mit.edu'; you will
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then reach the GNU coordinator for all translator teams.
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The English team is special. It works at improving and uniformizing
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the terminology used in GNU. Proven linguistic skill are praised more
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than programming skill, here. For the time being, please avoid
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subscribing to the English team unless explicitely invited to do so.
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Available Packages
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==================
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Languages are not equally supported in all GNU packages. The
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following matrix shows the current state of GNU internationalization,
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as of November 1995. Listed are: internationalized packages, and
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languages for which work is in progress, or about to start.
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See note cs de en fr it ja nl no pt sv
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\ .-------------------------------.
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chess (1) | X / X |
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clisp | X X X |
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diffutils (2) | / . |
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fileutils | . / |
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flex (3) | / . |
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m4 | - / - - . - |
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gettext | X / X X X |
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ptx | - / - - |
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recode | - / - - - |
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sh-utils | . / . |
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sharutils | X / X X X X X |
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tar | X / X - X X |
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textutils | . / . |
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wdiff | - - / - - |
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`-------------------------------'
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cs de en fr it ja nl no pt sv
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The interpretation legend and notes are:
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`/'
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There is no PO file, this package merely defaults to this language.
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`.'
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The effort of localizing this package has been undertaken by
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someone, or by a translating team, and work is, or should be in
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progress.
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`-'
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A PO file for this package and this language is completed and is
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currently available in a pretest release, or is all ready for
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inclusion in the next release of this package.
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`X'
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The localization of this package to this particular language is
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fully completed, and now distributed through an official release.
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(1)
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This package is translated to specific languages by methods
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predating GNU `gettext'. Translations are all kept on disk files,
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and sources contain numbers where one normally expects strings.
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(2)
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This package is planned to switch to GNU `gettext'. For the time
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being, it uses temporary means for internationalization.
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(3)
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This package has its translatable strings marked, but does not use
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GNU `gettext'. A convenience patch may be available separately.
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If November 1995 seems to be old, you may fetch a more recent copy
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of this `ABOUT-NLS' file on most GNU archive sites.
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