use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::convert::TryInto;
use std::fs::File;
use std::io::{self, BufReader};

use bytemuck::allocation::pod_collect_to_vec;
use charabia::{Language, Script};
use grenad::MergerBuilder;
use heed::types::ByteSlice;
use heed::RwTxn;
use roaring::RoaringBitmap;

use super::helpers::{
    self, merge_ignore_values, serialize_roaring_bitmap, valid_lmdb_key, CursorClonableMmap,
};
use super::{ClonableMmap, MergeFn};
use crate::distance::NDotProductPoint;
use crate::error::UserError;
use crate::facet::FacetType;
use crate::index::Hnsw;
use crate::update::del_add::{DelAdd, KvReaderDelAdd};
use crate::update::facet::FacetsUpdate;
use crate::update::index_documents::helpers::{as_cloneable_grenad, try_split_array_at};
use crate::{lat_lng_to_xyz, CboRoaringBitmapCodec, DocumentId, GeoPoint, Index, Result, BEU32};

pub(crate) enum TypedChunk {
    FieldIdDocidFacetStrings(grenad::Reader<CursorClonableMmap>),
    FieldIdDocidFacetNumbers(grenad::Reader<CursorClonableMmap>),
    Documents(grenad::Reader<CursorClonableMmap>),
    FieldIdWordCountDocids(grenad::Reader<BufReader<File>>),
    NewDocumentsIds(RoaringBitmap),
    WordDocids {
        word_docids_reader: grenad::Reader<BufReader<File>>,
        exact_word_docids_reader: grenad::Reader<BufReader<File>>,
        word_fid_docids_reader: grenad::Reader<BufReader<File>>,
    },
    WordPositionDocids(grenad::Reader<BufReader<File>>),
    WordPairProximityDocids(grenad::Reader<BufReader<File>>),
    FieldIdFacetStringDocids(grenad::Reader<BufReader<File>>),
    FieldIdFacetNumberDocids(grenad::Reader<BufReader<File>>),
    FieldIdFacetExistsDocids(grenad::Reader<BufReader<File>>),
    FieldIdFacetIsNullDocids(grenad::Reader<BufReader<File>>),
    FieldIdFacetIsEmptyDocids(grenad::Reader<BufReader<File>>),
    GeoPoints(grenad::Reader<BufReader<File>>),
    VectorPoints(grenad::Reader<BufReader<File>>),
    ScriptLanguageDocids(HashMap<(Script, Language), (RoaringBitmap, RoaringBitmap)>),
}

impl TypedChunk {
    pub fn to_debug_string(&self) -> String {
        match self {
            TypedChunk::FieldIdDocidFacetStrings(grenad) => {
                format!("FieldIdDocidFacetStrings {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", grenad.len())
            }
            TypedChunk::FieldIdDocidFacetNumbers(grenad) => {
                format!("FieldIdDocidFacetNumbers {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", grenad.len())
            }
            TypedChunk::Documents(grenad) => {
                format!("Documents {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", grenad.len())
            }
            TypedChunk::FieldIdWordCountDocids(grenad) => {
                format!("FieldIdWordcountDocids {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", grenad.len())
            }
            TypedChunk::NewDocumentsIds(grenad) => {
                format!("NewDocumentsIds {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", grenad.len())
            }
            TypedChunk::WordDocids {
                word_docids_reader,
                exact_word_docids_reader,
                word_fid_docids_reader,
            } => format!(
                "WordDocids {{ word_docids_reader: {}, exact_word_docids_reader: {}, word_fid_docids_reader: {} }}",
                word_docids_reader.len(),
                exact_word_docids_reader.len(),
                word_fid_docids_reader.len()
            ),
            TypedChunk::WordPositionDocids(grenad) => {
                format!("WordPositionDocids {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", grenad.len())
            }
            TypedChunk::WordPairProximityDocids(grenad) => {
                format!("WordPairProximityDocids {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", grenad.len())
            }
            TypedChunk::FieldIdFacetStringDocids(grenad) => {
                format!("FieldIdFacetStringDocids {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", grenad.len())
            }
            TypedChunk::FieldIdFacetNumberDocids(grenad) => {
                format!("FieldIdFacetNumberDocids {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", grenad.len())
            }
            TypedChunk::FieldIdFacetExistsDocids(grenad) => {
                format!("FieldIdFacetExistsDocids {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", grenad.len())
            }
            TypedChunk::FieldIdFacetIsNullDocids(grenad) => {
                format!("FieldIdFacetIsNullDocids {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", grenad.len())
            }
            TypedChunk::FieldIdFacetIsEmptyDocids(grenad) => {
                format!("FieldIdFacetIsEmptyDocids {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", grenad.len())
            }
            TypedChunk::GeoPoints(grenad) => {
                format!("GeoPoints {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", grenad.len())
            }
            TypedChunk::VectorPoints(grenad) => {
                format!("VectorPoints {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", grenad.len())
            }
            TypedChunk::ScriptLanguageDocids(sl_map) => {
                format!("ScriptLanguageDocids {{ number_of_entries: {} }}", sl_map.len())
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Write typed chunk in the corresponding LMDB database of the provided index.
/// Return new documents seen.
pub(crate) fn write_typed_chunk_into_index(
    typed_chunk: TypedChunk,
    index: &Index,
    wtxn: &mut RwTxn,
    index_is_empty: bool,
) -> Result<(RoaringBitmap, bool)> {
    puffin::profile_function!(typed_chunk.to_debug_string());

    let mut is_merged_database = false;
    match typed_chunk {
        TypedChunk::Documents(obkv_documents_iter) => {
            let mut cursor = obkv_documents_iter.into_cursor()?;
            while let Some((key, value)) = cursor.move_on_next()? {
                index.documents.remap_types::<ByteSlice, ByteSlice>().put(wtxn, key, value)?;
            }
        }
        TypedChunk::FieldIdWordCountDocids(fid_word_count_docids_iter) => {
            append_entries_into_database(
                fid_word_count_docids_iter,
                &index.field_id_word_count_docids,
                wtxn,
                index_is_empty,
                deladd_serialize_add_side,
                merge_cbo_roaring_bitmaps,
            )?;
            is_merged_database = true;
        }
        TypedChunk::NewDocumentsIds(documents_ids) => {
            return Ok((documents_ids, is_merged_database))
        }
        TypedChunk::WordDocids {
            word_docids_reader,
            exact_word_docids_reader,
            word_fid_docids_reader,
        } => {
            let word_docids_iter = unsafe { as_cloneable_grenad(&word_docids_reader) }?;
            append_entries_into_database(
                word_docids_iter.clone(),
                &index.word_docids,
                wtxn,
                index_is_empty,
                deladd_serialize_add_side,
                merge_cbo_roaring_bitmaps,
            )?;

            let exact_word_docids_iter = unsafe { as_cloneable_grenad(&exact_word_docids_reader) }?;
            append_entries_into_database(
                exact_word_docids_iter.clone(),
                &index.exact_word_docids,
                wtxn,
                index_is_empty,
                deladd_serialize_add_side,
                merge_cbo_roaring_bitmaps,
            )?;

            let word_fid_docids_iter = unsafe { as_cloneable_grenad(&word_fid_docids_reader) }?;
            append_entries_into_database(
                word_fid_docids_iter,
                &index.word_fid_docids,
                wtxn,
                index_is_empty,
                deladd_serialize_add_side,
                merge_cbo_roaring_bitmaps,
            )?;

            // create fst from word docids
            let fst = merge_word_docids_reader_into_fst(word_docids_iter, exact_word_docids_iter)?;
            let db_fst = index.words_fst(wtxn)?;

            // merge new fst with database fst
            let union_stream = fst.op().add(db_fst.stream()).union();
            let mut builder = fst::SetBuilder::memory();
            builder.extend_stream(union_stream)?;
            let fst = builder.into_set();
            index.put_words_fst(wtxn, &fst)?;
            is_merged_database = true;
        }
        TypedChunk::WordPositionDocids(word_position_docids_iter) => {
            append_entries_into_database(
                word_position_docids_iter,
                &index.word_position_docids,
                wtxn,
                index_is_empty,
                deladd_serialize_add_side,
                merge_cbo_roaring_bitmaps,
            )?;
            is_merged_database = true;
        }
        TypedChunk::FieldIdFacetNumberDocids(facet_id_number_docids_iter) => {
            let indexer = FacetsUpdate::new(index, FacetType::Number, facet_id_number_docids_iter);
            indexer.execute(wtxn)?;
            is_merged_database = true;
        }
        TypedChunk::FieldIdFacetStringDocids(facet_id_string_docids_iter) => {
            let indexer = FacetsUpdate::new(index, FacetType::String, facet_id_string_docids_iter);
            indexer.execute(wtxn)?;
            is_merged_database = true;
        }
        TypedChunk::FieldIdFacetExistsDocids(facet_id_exists_docids) => {
            append_entries_into_database(
                facet_id_exists_docids,
                &index.facet_id_exists_docids,
                wtxn,
                index_is_empty,
                deladd_serialize_add_side,
                merge_cbo_roaring_bitmaps,
            )?;
            is_merged_database = true;
        }
        TypedChunk::FieldIdFacetIsNullDocids(facet_id_is_null_docids) => {
            append_entries_into_database(
                facet_id_is_null_docids,
                &index.facet_id_is_null_docids,
                wtxn,
                index_is_empty,
                deladd_serialize_add_side,
                merge_cbo_roaring_bitmaps,
            )?;
            is_merged_database = true;
        }
        TypedChunk::FieldIdFacetIsEmptyDocids(facet_id_is_empty_docids) => {
            append_entries_into_database(
                facet_id_is_empty_docids,
                &index.facet_id_is_empty_docids,
                wtxn,
                index_is_empty,
                deladd_serialize_add_side,
                merge_cbo_roaring_bitmaps,
            )?;
            is_merged_database = true;
        }
        TypedChunk::WordPairProximityDocids(word_pair_proximity_docids_iter) => {
            append_entries_into_database(
                word_pair_proximity_docids_iter,
                &index.word_pair_proximity_docids,
                wtxn,
                index_is_empty,
                deladd_serialize_add_side,
                merge_cbo_roaring_bitmaps,
            )?;
            is_merged_database = true;
        }
        TypedChunk::FieldIdDocidFacetNumbers(fid_docid_facet_number) => {
            let index_fid_docid_facet_numbers =
                index.field_id_docid_facet_f64s.remap_types::<ByteSlice, ByteSlice>();
            let mut cursor = fid_docid_facet_number.into_cursor()?;
            while let Some((key, value)) = cursor.move_on_next()? {
                if valid_lmdb_key(key) {
                    index_fid_docid_facet_numbers.put(wtxn, key, value)?;
                }
            }
        }
        TypedChunk::FieldIdDocidFacetStrings(fid_docid_facet_string) => {
            let index_fid_docid_facet_strings =
                index.field_id_docid_facet_strings.remap_types::<ByteSlice, ByteSlice>();
            let mut cursor = fid_docid_facet_string.into_cursor()?;
            while let Some((key, value)) = cursor.move_on_next()? {
                if valid_lmdb_key(key) {
                    index_fid_docid_facet_strings.put(wtxn, key, value)?;
                }
            }
        }
        TypedChunk::GeoPoints(geo_points) => {
            let mut rtree = index.geo_rtree(wtxn)?.unwrap_or_default();
            let mut geo_faceted_docids = index.geo_faceted_documents_ids(wtxn)?;

            let mut cursor = geo_points.into_cursor()?;
            while let Some((key, value)) = cursor.move_on_next()? {
                // convert the key back to a u32 (4 bytes)
                let docid = key.try_into().map(DocumentId::from_be_bytes).unwrap();

                // convert the latitude and longitude back to a f64 (8 bytes)
                let (lat, tail) = helpers::try_split_array_at::<u8, 8>(value).unwrap();
                let (lng, _) = helpers::try_split_array_at::<u8, 8>(tail).unwrap();
                let point = [f64::from_ne_bytes(lat), f64::from_ne_bytes(lng)];
                let xyz_point = lat_lng_to_xyz(&point);

                rtree.insert(GeoPoint::new(xyz_point, (docid, point)));
                geo_faceted_docids.insert(docid);
            }
            index.put_geo_rtree(wtxn, &rtree)?;
            index.put_geo_faceted_documents_ids(wtxn, &geo_faceted_docids)?;
        }
        TypedChunk::VectorPoints(vector_points) => {
            let (pids, mut points): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = match index.vector_hnsw(wtxn)? {
                Some(hnsw) => hnsw.iter().map(|(pid, point)| (pid, point.clone())).unzip(),
                None => Default::default(),
            };

            // Convert the PointIds into DocumentIds
            let mut docids = Vec::new();
            for pid in pids {
                let docid =
                    index.vector_id_docid.get(wtxn, &BEU32::new(pid.into_inner()))?.unwrap();
                docids.push(docid.get());
            }

            let mut expected_dimensions = points.get(0).map(|p| p.len());
            let mut cursor = vector_points.into_cursor()?;
            while let Some((key, value)) = cursor.move_on_next()? {
                // convert the key back to a u32 (4 bytes)
                let (left, _index) = try_split_array_at(key).unwrap();
                let docid = DocumentId::from_be_bytes(left);
                // convert the vector back to a Vec<f32>
                let vector: Vec<f32> = pod_collect_to_vec(value);

                // TODO Inform the user about the document that has a wrong `_vectors`
                let found = vector.len();
                let expected = *expected_dimensions.get_or_insert(found);
                if expected != found {
                    return Err(UserError::InvalidVectorDimensions { expected, found }.into());
                }

                points.push(NDotProductPoint::new(vector));
                docids.push(docid);
            }

            assert_eq!(docids.len(), points.len());

            let hnsw_length = points.len();
            let (new_hnsw, pids) = Hnsw::builder().build_hnsw(points);

            index.vector_id_docid.clear(wtxn)?;
            for (docid, pid) in docids.into_iter().zip(pids) {
                index.vector_id_docid.put(
                    wtxn,
                    &BEU32::new(pid.into_inner()),
                    &BEU32::new(docid),
                )?;
            }

            log::debug!("There are {} entries in the HNSW so far", hnsw_length);
            index.put_vector_hnsw(wtxn, &new_hnsw)?;
        }
        TypedChunk::ScriptLanguageDocids(sl_map) => {
            for (key, (deletion, addition)) in sl_map {
                let mut db_key_exists = false;
                let final_value = match index.script_language_docids.get(wtxn, &key)? {
                    Some(db_values) => {
                        db_key_exists = true;
                        (db_values - deletion) | addition
                    }
                    None => addition,
                };

                if final_value.is_empty() {
                    // If the database entry exists, delete it.
                    if db_key_exists == true {
                        index.script_language_docids.delete(wtxn, &key)?;
                    }
                } else {
                    index.script_language_docids.put(wtxn, &key, &final_value)?;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    Ok((RoaringBitmap::new(), is_merged_database))
}

fn merge_word_docids_reader_into_fst(
    word_docids_iter: grenad::Reader<io::Cursor<ClonableMmap>>,
    exact_word_docids_iter: grenad::Reader<io::Cursor<ClonableMmap>>,
) -> Result<fst::Set<Vec<u8>>> {
    let mut merger_builder = MergerBuilder::new(merge_ignore_values as MergeFn);
    merger_builder.push(word_docids_iter.into_cursor()?);
    merger_builder.push(exact_word_docids_iter.into_cursor()?);
    let mut iter = merger_builder.build().into_stream_merger_iter()?;
    let mut builder = fst::SetBuilder::memory();

    while let Some((k, _)) = iter.next()? {
        builder.insert(k)?;
    }

    Ok(builder.into_set())
}

fn merge_cbo_roaring_bitmaps(
    new_value: &[u8],
    db_value: &[u8],
    buffer: &mut Vec<u8>,
) -> Result<()> {
    Ok(CboRoaringBitmapCodec::merge_into(
        &[Cow::Borrowed(db_value), Cow::Borrowed(new_value)],
        buffer,
    )?)
}

/// A function that extracts and returns the Add side of a DelAdd obkv.
/// This is useful when there are no previous value in the database and
/// therefore we don't need to do a diff with what's already there.
///
/// If there is no Add side we currently write an empty buffer
/// which is a valid CboRoaringBitmap.
fn deladd_serialize_add_side<'a>(obkv: &'a [u8], _buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<&'a [u8]> {
    Ok(KvReaderDelAdd::new(obkv).get(DelAdd::Addition).unwrap_or_default())
}

/// Write provided entries in database using serialize_value function.
/// merge_values function is used if an entry already exist in the database.
fn write_entries_into_database<R, K, V, FS, FM>(
    data: grenad::Reader<R>,
    database: &heed::Database<K, V>,
    wtxn: &mut RwTxn,
    index_is_empty: bool,
    serialize_value: FS,
    merge_values: FM,
) -> Result<()>
where
    R: io::Read + io::Seek,
    FS: for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8], &'a mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<&'a [u8]>,
    FM: Fn(&[u8], &[u8], &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<()>,
{
    puffin::profile_function!(format!("number of entries: {}", data.len()));

    let mut buffer = Vec::new();
    let database = database.remap_types::<ByteSlice, ByteSlice>();

    let mut cursor = data.into_cursor()?;
    while let Some((key, value)) = cursor.move_on_next()? {
        if valid_lmdb_key(key) {
            buffer.clear();
            let value = if index_is_empty {
                serialize_value(value, &mut buffer)?
            } else {
                match database.get(wtxn, key)? {
                    Some(prev_value) => {
                        merge_values(value, prev_value, &mut buffer)?;
                        &buffer[..]
                    }
                    None => serialize_value(value, &mut buffer)?,
                }
            };
            database.put(wtxn, key, value)?;
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Write provided entries in database using serialize_value function.
/// merge_values function is used if an entry already exist in the database.
/// All provided entries must be ordered.
/// If the index is not empty, write_entries_into_database is called instead.
fn append_entries_into_database<R, K, V, FS, FM>(
    data: grenad::Reader<R>,
    database: &heed::Database<K, V>,
    wtxn: &mut RwTxn,
    index_is_empty: bool,
    serialize_value: FS,
    merge_values: FM,
) -> Result<()>
where
    R: io::Read + io::Seek,
    FS: for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8], &'a mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<&'a [u8]>,
    FM: Fn(&[u8], &[u8], &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<()>,
    K: for<'a> heed::BytesDecode<'a>,
{
    puffin::profile_function!(format!("number of entries: {}", data.len()));

    if !index_is_empty {
        return write_entries_into_database(
            data,
            database,
            wtxn,
            false,
            serialize_value,
            merge_values,
        );
    }

    let mut buffer = Vec::new();
    let mut database = database.iter_mut(wtxn)?.remap_types::<ByteSlice, ByteSlice>();

    let mut cursor = data.into_cursor()?;
    while let Some((key, value)) = cursor.move_on_next()? {
        if valid_lmdb_key(key) {
            debug_assert!(
                K::bytes_decode(key).is_some(),
                "Couldn't decode key with the database decoder, key length: {} - key bytes: {:x?}",
                key.len(),
                &key
            );
            buffer.clear();
            let value = serialize_value(value, &mut buffer)?;
            unsafe { database.append(key, value)? };
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}