diff --git a/milli/src/snapshot_tests.rs b/milli/src/snapshot_tests.rs
index 49f9fbe92..f7f1a97e6 100644
--- a/milli/src/snapshot_tests.rs
+++ b/milli/src/snapshot_tests.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use roaring::RoaringBitmap;
 
 use crate::facet::FacetType;
 use crate::heed_codec::facet::{FacetGroupKey, FacetGroupValue};
-use crate::{make_db_snap_from_iter, ExternalDocumentsIds, Index};
+use crate::{make_db_snap_from_iter, obkv_to_json, ExternalDocumentsIds, Index};
 
 #[track_caller]
 pub fn default_db_snapshot_settings_for_test(name: Option<&str>) -> (insta::Settings, String) {
@@ -427,8 +427,26 @@ pub fn snap_settings(index: &Index) -> String {
     snap
 }
 
+pub fn snap_documents(index: &Index) -> String {
+    let mut snap = String::new();
+    let rtxn = index.read_txn().unwrap();
+    let fields_ids_map = index.fields_ids_map(&rtxn).unwrap();
+    let display = fields_ids_map.ids().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    for document in index.all_documents(&rtxn).unwrap() {
+        let doc = obkv_to_json(&display, &fields_ids_map, document.unwrap().1).unwrap();
+        snap.push_str(&serde_json::to_string(&doc).unwrap());
+        snap.push('\n');
+    }
+
+    snap
+}
+
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! full_snap_of_db {
+    ($index:ident, documents) => {{
+        $crate::snapshot_tests::snap_documents(&$index)
+    }};
     ($index:ident, settings) => {{
         $crate::snapshot_tests::snap_settings(&$index)
     }};
diff --git a/milli/src/update/index_documents/mod.rs b/milli/src/update/index_documents/mod.rs
index 3e9edf3a2..87c96818e 100644
--- a/milli/src/update/index_documents/mod.rs
+++ b/milli/src/update/index_documents/mod.rs
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ pub struct IndexDocuments<'t, 'u, 'i, 'a, FP, FA> {
     progress: FP,
     should_abort: FA,
     added_documents: u64,
+    deleted_documents: u64,
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
@@ -122,6 +123,7 @@ where
             wtxn,
             index,
             added_documents: 0,
+            deleted_documents: 0,
         })
     }
 
@@ -166,6 +168,30 @@ where
         Ok((self, Ok(indexed_documents)))
     }
 
+    /// Remove a batch of documents from the current builder.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the number of documents deleted from the builder.
+    pub fn remove_documents(
+        mut self,
+        to_delete: Vec<String>,
+    ) -> Result<(Self, StdResult<u64, UserError>)> {
+        // Early return when there is no document to add
+        if to_delete.is_empty() {
+            return Ok((self, Ok(0)));
+        }
+
+        let deleted_documents = self
+            .transform
+            .as_mut()
+            .expect("Invalid document deletion state")
+            .remove_documents(to_delete, self.wtxn, &self.should_abort)?
+            as u64;
+
+        self.deleted_documents += deleted_documents;
+
+        Ok((self, Ok(deleted_documents)))
+    }
+
     #[logging_timer::time("IndexDocuments::{}")]
     pub fn execute(mut self) -> Result<DocumentAdditionResult> {
         if self.added_documents == 0 {
@@ -1879,4 +1905,203 @@ mod tests {
 
         index.add_documents(doc1).unwrap();
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn add_and_delete_documents_in_single_transform() {
+        let index = TempIndex::new();
+        let mut wtxn = index.write_txn().unwrap();
+        let builder = IndexDocuments::new(
+            &mut wtxn,
+            &index,
+            &index.indexer_config,
+            index.index_documents_config.clone(),
+            |_| (),
+            || false,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let documents = documents!([
+            { "id": 1, "doggo": "kevin" },
+            { "id": 2, "doggo": { "name": "bob", "age": 20 } },
+            { "id": 3, "name": "jean", "age": 25 },
+        ]);
+        let (builder, added) = builder.add_documents(documents).unwrap();
+        insta::assert_display_snapshot!(added.unwrap(), @"3");
+
+        let (builder, removed) = builder.remove_documents(vec![S("2")]).unwrap();
+        insta::assert_display_snapshot!(removed.unwrap(), @"1");
+
+        let addition = builder.execute().unwrap();
+        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(addition, @r###"
+        DocumentAdditionResult {
+            indexed_documents: 3,
+            number_of_documents: 2,
+        }
+        "###);
+        wtxn.commit().unwrap();
+
+        db_snap!(index, documents, @r###"
+        {"id":1,"doggo":"kevin"}
+        {"id":3,"name":"jean","age":25}
+        "###);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn add_update_and_delete_documents_in_single_transform() {
+        let index = TempIndex::new();
+        let mut wtxn = index.write_txn().unwrap();
+        let builder = IndexDocuments::new(
+            &mut wtxn,
+            &index,
+            &index.indexer_config,
+            index.index_documents_config.clone(),
+            |_| (),
+            || false,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let documents = documents!([
+            { "id": 1, "doggo": "kevin" },
+            { "id": 2, "doggo": { "name": "bob", "age": 20 } },
+            { "id": 3, "name": "jean", "age": 25 },
+        ]);
+        let (builder, added) = builder.add_documents(documents).unwrap();
+        insta::assert_display_snapshot!(added.unwrap(), @"3");
+
+        let documents = documents!([
+            { "id": 2, "doggo": { "name": "jean", "age": 20 } },
+            { "id": 3, "name": "bob", "age": 25 },
+        ]);
+        let (builder, added) = builder.add_documents(documents).unwrap();
+        insta::assert_display_snapshot!(added.unwrap(), @"2");
+
+        let (builder, removed) = builder.remove_documents(vec![S("1"), S("2")]).unwrap();
+        insta::assert_display_snapshot!(removed.unwrap(), @"2");
+
+        let addition = builder.execute().unwrap();
+        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(addition, @r###"
+        DocumentAdditionResult {
+            indexed_documents: 5,
+            number_of_documents: 1,
+        }
+        "###);
+        wtxn.commit().unwrap();
+
+        db_snap!(index, documents, @r###"
+        {"id":3,"name":"bob","age":25}
+        "###);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn add_document_and_in_another_transform_update_and_delete_documents() {
+        let index = TempIndex::new();
+        let mut wtxn = index.write_txn().unwrap();
+        let builder = IndexDocuments::new(
+            &mut wtxn,
+            &index,
+            &index.indexer_config,
+            index.index_documents_config.clone(),
+            |_| (),
+            || false,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let documents = documents!([
+            { "id": 1, "doggo": "kevin" },
+            { "id": 2, "doggo": { "name": "bob", "age": 20 } },
+            { "id": 3, "name": "jean", "age": 25 },
+        ]);
+        let (builder, added) = builder.add_documents(documents).unwrap();
+        insta::assert_display_snapshot!(added.unwrap(), @"3");
+
+        let addition = builder.execute().unwrap();
+        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(addition, @r###"
+        DocumentAdditionResult {
+            indexed_documents: 3,
+            number_of_documents: 3,
+        }
+        "###);
+        wtxn.commit().unwrap();
+
+        db_snap!(index, documents, @r###"
+        {"id":1,"doggo":"kevin"}
+        {"id":2,"doggo":{"name":"bob","age":20}}
+        {"id":3,"name":"jean","age":25}
+        "###);
+
+        // A first batch of documents has been inserted
+
+        let mut wtxn = index.write_txn().unwrap();
+        let builder = IndexDocuments::new(
+            &mut wtxn,
+            &index,
+            &index.indexer_config,
+            index.index_documents_config.clone(),
+            |_| (),
+            || false,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let documents = documents!([
+            { "id": 2, "doggo": { "name": "jean", "age": 20 } },
+            { "id": 3, "name": "bob", "age": 25 },
+        ]);
+        let (builder, added) = builder.add_documents(documents).unwrap();
+        insta::assert_display_snapshot!(added.unwrap(), @"2");
+
+        let (builder, removed) = builder.remove_documents(vec![S("1"), S("2")]).unwrap();
+        insta::assert_display_snapshot!(removed.unwrap(), @"2");
+
+        let addition = builder.execute().unwrap();
+        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(addition, @r###"
+        DocumentAdditionResult {
+            indexed_documents: 2,
+            number_of_documents: 1,
+        }
+        "###);
+        wtxn.commit().unwrap();
+
+        db_snap!(index, documents, @r###"
+        {"id":3,"name":"bob","age":25}
+        "###);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn delete_document_and_then_add_documents_in_the_same_transform() {
+        let index = TempIndex::new();
+        let mut wtxn = index.write_txn().unwrap();
+        let builder = IndexDocuments::new(
+            &mut wtxn,
+            &index,
+            &index.indexer_config,
+            index.index_documents_config.clone(),
+            |_| (),
+            || false,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let (builder, removed) = builder.remove_documents(vec![S("1"), S("2")]).unwrap();
+        insta::assert_display_snapshot!(removed.unwrap(), @"0");
+
+        let documents = documents!([
+            { "id": 2, "doggo": { "name": "jean", "age": 20 } },
+            { "id": 3, "name": "bob", "age": 25 },
+        ]);
+        let (builder, added) = builder.add_documents(documents).unwrap();
+        insta::assert_display_snapshot!(added.unwrap(), @"2");
+
+        let addition = builder.execute().unwrap();
+        insta::assert_debug_snapshot!(addition, @r###"
+        DocumentAdditionResult {
+            indexed_documents: 2,
+            number_of_documents: 2,
+        }
+        "###);
+        wtxn.commit().unwrap();
+
+        db_snap!(index, documents, @r###"
+        {"id":2,"doggo":{"name":"jean","age":20}}
+        {"id":3,"name":"bob","age":25}
+        "###);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/milli/src/update/index_documents/transform.rs b/milli/src/update/index_documents/transform.rs
index fe8f06b6c..50d3d4248 100644
--- a/milli/src/update/index_documents/transform.rs
+++ b/milli/src/update/index_documents/transform.rs
@@ -159,9 +159,7 @@ impl<'a, 'i> Transform<'a, 'i> {
         FA: Fn() -> bool + Sync,
     {
         let (mut cursor, fields_index) = reader.into_cursor_and_fields_index();
-
         let external_documents_ids = self.index.external_documents_ids(wtxn)?;
-
         let mapping = create_fields_mapping(&mut self.fields_ids_map, &fields_index)?;
 
         let primary_key = cursor.primary_key().to_string();
@@ -322,6 +320,64 @@ impl<'a, 'i> Transform<'a, 'i> {
         Ok(documents_count)
     }
 
+    /// The counter part of `read_documents` that removes documents that may have been inserted into the transform previously.
+    pub fn remove_documents<FA>(
+        &mut self,
+        mut to_remove: Vec<String>,
+        wtxn: &mut heed::RwTxn,
+        should_abort: FA,
+    ) -> Result<usize>
+    where
+        FA: Fn() -> bool + Sync,
+    {
+        // there may be duplicates in the documents to remove.
+        to_remove.sort_unstable();
+        to_remove.dedup();
+
+        let external_documents_ids = self.index.external_documents_ids(wtxn)?;
+
+        let mut documents_deleted = 0;
+        for to_remove in to_remove {
+            if should_abort() {
+                return Err(Error::InternalError(InternalError::AbortedIndexation));
+            }
+
+            match self.new_external_documents_ids_builder.entry((*to_remove).into()) {
+                // if the document was added in a previous iteration of the transform we make it as deleted in the sorters.
+                Entry::Occupied(entry) => {
+                    let doc_id = *entry.get() as u32;
+                    self.original_sorter
+                        .insert(doc_id.to_be_bytes(), &[Operation::Deletion as u8])?;
+                    self.flattened_sorter
+                        .insert(doc_id.to_be_bytes(), &[Operation::Deletion as u8])?;
+
+                    // we must NOT update the list of replaced_documents_ids
+                    // Either:
+                    // 1. It's already in it and there is nothing to do
+                    // 2. It wasn't in it because the document was created by a previous batch and since
+                    //    we're removing it there is nothing to do.
+                    self.new_documents_ids.remove(doc_id);
+                    entry.remove_entry();
+                }
+                Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
+                    // If the document was already in the db we mark it as a `to_delete` document.
+                    // It'll be deleted later. We don't need to push anything to the sorters.
+                    if let Some(docid) = external_documents_ids.get(entry.key()) {
+                        self.replaced_documents_ids.insert(docid);
+                    } else {
+                        // if the document is nowehere to be found, there is nothing to do and we must NOT
+                        // increment the count of documents_deleted
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            documents_deleted += 1;
+        }
+
+        Ok(documents_deleted)
+    }
+
     // Flatten a document from the fields ids map contained in self and insert the new
     // created fields. Returns `None` if the document doesn't need to be flattened.
     fn flatten_from_fields_ids_map(&mut self, obkv: KvReader<FieldId>) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {