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Add example related to the Walrus operator

Closes https://github.com/satwikkansal/wtfpython/issues/145
This commit is contained in:
Satwik 2019-10-29 01:07:28 +05:30
parent bd798f2966
commit 34e97d53fb

118
README.md vendored
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@ -160,12 +160,124 @@ Now, just run `wtfpython` at the command line which will open this collection in
# 👀 Examples
## Section: Strain your brain!
### ▶ First things first!
<!-- Example ID: d3d73936-3cf1-4632-b5ab-817981338863 -->
For some reasons, "Walrus" operator (`:=`) has become a very popular feature in the language. Let's check it out,
1\.
```py
>>> a = "wtf_walrus"
>>> a
'wtf_walrus'
>>> a := "wtf_walrus"
File "<ipython-input-20-14e95425e0a2>", line 1
a := "wtf_walrus"
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> (a := "wtf_walrus") # This works though
>>> a
'wtf_walrus'
```
2 \.
```py
>>> a = 6, 9
>>> a
(6, 9)
>>> (a := 6, 9)
>>> a
6
>>> a, b = 6, 9 # Typcial unpacking
>>> a, b
(6, 9)
>>> (a, b = 16, 19) # Oops
File "<ipython-input-67-f4339673d0d4>", line 1
(a, b = 6, 9)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> (a, b := 16, 19) # This prints out a weird 3-tuple
(6, 16, 19)
>>> a # a is still unchanged?
6
16
```
💡 Explanation
**Quick walrus operator refresher**
The Walrus operator (`:=`) was introduced in Python 3.8, it can be useful in situatitions where you'd want to assing values to variables within an expression.
```py
def some_func():
# Assume some expensive computation here
# time.sleep(1000)
return 5
# So instead of,
if some_func():
print(some_func()) # Which is bad practice since computation is happening twice
# or
a = some_func()
if a:
print(a)
# Now you can concisely write
if a := some_func():
print(a)
```
**Output (> 3.8):**
```py
5
5
5
```
This helped save one line of code, and implicitly prevented invoking `some_func` twice.
- Unparenthesized "assignment expression" (use of walrus operator), is restricted at top level, hence the `SyntaxError` in the `a := "wtf_walrus"` statement of first snippet. Parenthesizing it worked as expected and assigned `a`.
- As usual, parenthesizing of expression containing `=` operator is not allowed. Hence the syntax error in `(a, b = 6, 9)`.
- The syntax of the Walrus operator is of the form `NAME: expr`, where `NAME` is a valid identifier and `expr` is a valid expression. Hence, iterable packing and unpacking are not supported which means,
- `(a := 6, 9)` is equivalent to `((a := 6), 9)` and ultimately `(a, 9) ` (where `a`'s value is 6')
```py
>>> (a := 6, 9) == ((a := 6), 9)
True
>>> x = (a := 696, 9)
>>> x
(696, 9)
>>> x[0] is a # Both reference same memory location
True
```
- Similarly, `(a, b := 16, 19)` is equivalent to `(a, (b := 16), 19)` which is nothing but a 3-tuple.
---
### ▶ Strings can be tricky sometimes
<!-- Example ID: 30f1d3fc-e267-4b30-84ef-4d9e7091ac1a --->
1\.
```py
>>> a = "some_string"
>>> id(a)
@ -3066,7 +3178,7 @@ nan
# Contributing
All patches are welcome! Please see [CONTRIBUTING.md](/CONTRIBUTING.md) for further details. For discussions, you can either create a new [issue](https://github.com/satwikkansal/wtfpython/issues/new) or ping on the Gitter [channel](https://gitter.im/wtfpython/Lobby).
All patches are welcome! Please see [CONTRIBUTING.md](/CONTRIBUTING.md) for further details. For discussions, you can either create a new [issue](https://github.com/satwikkansal/wtfpython/issues/new) or ping on the Gitter [channel](https://gitter.im/wtfpython/Lobby)
# Acknowledgements
@ -3092,7 +3204,7 @@ The idea and design for this collection were initially inspired by Denys Dovhan'
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