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Add new example: Counting the booleans

* Moves the "Booleans are subclass of int" example
from "Minor Ones" list to a new example.
This commit is contained in:
Satwik Kansal 2017-09-01 22:47:05 +05:30
parent 82bbded3da
commit 1b8d9ef06a

46
README.md vendored
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@ -1377,6 +1377,44 @@ Before Python 3.5, the boolean value fo `datetime.time` object was considered to
---
### Counting the booleans
```py
# A simple example to count the number of boolean and
# integers in an iterable of mixed data types.
mixed_list = [False, 1.0, "some_string", 3, True, [], False]
integers_found_so_far = 0
booleans_found_so_far = 0
for item in mixed_list:
if isinstance(item, int):
integers_found_so_far += 1
elif isinstance(item, bool):
booleans_found_so_far += 1
```
**Outuput:**
```py
>>> booleans_found_so_far
0
>>> integers_found_so_far
4
```
#### 💡 Explanation:
* Booleans are a subclass of `int`
```py
>>> isinstance(True, int)
True
>>> isinstance(False, int)
True
```
* See this StackOverflow [answer](https://stackoverflow.com/a/8169049/4354153) for rationale behind it.
---
### Needle in a Haystack
Almost every Python programmer would have faced this situation.
@ -1508,13 +1546,7 @@ a, b = a[b] = {}, 5
+ `[] = ()` is a semantically correct statement (unpacking an empty `tuple` into an empty `list`)
+ `'a'[0][0][0][0][0]` is also a semantically correct statement as strings are iterable in Python.
+ `3 --0-- 5 == 8` and `--5 == 5` are both semantically correct statments and evalute to `True`.
* Booleans are a subclass of `int`
```py
>>> isinstance(True, int)
True
>>> isinstance(True, float)
False
```
* Python uses 2 bytes for local variable storage in functions. In theory, this means that only 65536 variables can be defined in a function. However, python has a handy solution built in that can be used to store more than 2^16 variable names. The following code demonstrates what happens in the stack when more than 65536 local variables are defined (Warning: This code prints around 2^18 lines of text, so be prepared!):
```py
import dis