Updates for ROOT
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Henry Schreiner
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# ROOT
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ROOT is a C++ Toolkit for High Energy Physics. It is huge. There are really a lot of ways to use it in CMake, though many/most of the examples you'll find are probably wrong. Here's my recommendation.
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Most importantly, there are lots of improvements in CMake in more recent versions of ROOT - try to use 6.14+!
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Most importantly, there are *lots of improvements* in CMake support in more recent versions of ROOT - Using 6.16+ is much, much easier! If you really must support 6.14 or earlier, see the section at the end.
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## Finding ROOT
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@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ to attempt to find ROOT. If you don't have your paths set up, you can pass `-DRO
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## The too-simple way
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ROOT [provides a utility](https://root.cern.ch/how/integrate-root-my-project-cmake) to set up a ROOT project, which you can activate using `include("${ROOT_USE_FILE}")`. This will automatically make ugly directory level and global variables for you. It will save you a little time setting up, and will waste massive amounts of time later if you try to do anything tricky. As long as you aren't making a library, it's probably fine for simple scripts. Includes and flags are set globally, but you'll still need to link to `${ROOT_LIBRARIES}` yourself, along with possibly `ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS` (You will have to `separate_arguments` first before linking or you will get an error if there are multiple flags, like on macOS).
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ROOT [provides a utility](https://root.cern.ch/how/integrate-root-my-project-cmake) to set up a ROOT project, which you can activate using `include("${ROOT_USE_FILE}")`. This will automatically make ugly directory level and global variables for you. It will save you a little time setting up, and will waste massive amounts of time later if you try to do anything tricky. As long as you aren't making a library, it's probably fine for simple scripts. Includes and flags are set globally, but you'll still need to link to `${ROOT_LIBRARIES}` yourself, along with possibly `ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS` (You will have to `separate_arguments` first before linking or you will get an error if there are multiple flags, like on macOS). Also, before 6.16, you have to manually fix a bug in the spacing.
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Here's what it would look like:
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@ -22,27 +23,17 @@ Here's what it would look like:
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## The right way (Targets)
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ROOT 6.12 and earlier do not add the include directory for imported targets. ROOT 6.14+ has corrected this error. To fix this error for older ROOT versions, you'll need something like:
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[import:'setup_includes', lang:'cmake'](../../examples/root-simple/CMakeLists.txt)
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You will also often want the compile flags and definitions:
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[import:'setup_flags', lang:'cmake'](../../examples/root-simple/CMakeLists.txt)
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In CMake 3.11, you can replace that last function call with:
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[import:'modern_fix', lang:'cmake'](../../examples/root-simple-3.11/CMakeLists.txt)
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All the ROOT targets will require `ROOT::Core`, so this will be enough regardless of which ROOT targets you need.
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ROOT 6.12 and earlier do not add the include directory for imported targets. ROOT 6.14+ has corrected this error, and required target properties have been getting better.
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To link, just pick the libraries you want to use:
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[import:'add_and_link', lang:'cmake'](../../examples/root-simple/CMakeLists.txt)
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If you'd like to see the default list, run `root-config --libs` on the command line.
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## Components
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Find ROOT allows you to specify components. It will add anything you list to ${ROOT_LIBRARIES}, so you might want to build your own target using that to avoid listing the components twice. This does not solve dependencies though; so it is an error to list `RooFit` but not `RooFitCore`. If you link to `ROOT::RooFit` instead of `${ROOT_LIBRARIES}`, then `RooFitCore` is not required.
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Find ROOT allows you to specify components. It will add anything you list to `${ROOT_LIBRARIES}`, so you might want to build your own target using that to avoid listing the components twice. This did not solve dependencies; it was an error to list `RooFit` but not `RooFitCore`. If you link to `ROOT::RooFit` instead of `${ROOT_LIBRARIES}`, then `RooFitCore` is not required.
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## Dictionary generation
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@ -58,7 +49,10 @@ To generate, you should include the following in your CMakeLists:
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```cmake
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include("${ROOT_DIR}/modules/RootNewMacros.cmake")
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include_directories(ROOT_BUG)
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# Uncomment for ROOT versions than 6.16
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# They break if nothing is in the global include list!
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# include_directories(ROOT_BUG)
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```
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The second line is due to a bug in the NewMacros file that causes dictionary generation to fail if there is not at least one global include directory or a `inc` folder. Here I'm including a non-existent directory just to make it work. There is no `ROOT_BUG` directory.
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@ -79,3 +73,42 @@ The final two output files must sit next to the library output. This is done by
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[linkdef-root]: https://root.cern.ch/selecting-dictionary-entries-linkdefh
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---
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# Using Old ROOT
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If you really have to use older ROOT, you'll need something like this:
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```cmake
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# ROOT targets are missing includes and flags in ROOT 6.10 and 6.12
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set_property(TARGET ROOT::Core PROPERTY
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INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${ROOT_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
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# Early ROOT does not include the flags required on targets
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add_library(ROOT::Flags_CXX IMPORTED INTERFACE)
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# ROOT 6.14 and earlier have a spacing bug in the linker flags
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string(REPLACE "-L " "-L" ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS}")
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# Fix for ROOT_CXX_FLAGS not actually being a CMake list
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separate_arguments(ROOT_CXX_FLAGS)
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set_property(TARGET ROOT::Flags_CXX APPEND PROPERTY
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INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS ${ROOT_CXX_FLAGS})
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# Add definitions
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separate_arguments(ROOT_DEFINITIONS)
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foreach(_flag ${ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAG_LIST})
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# Remove -D or /D if present
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string(REGEX REPLACE [=[^[-//]D]=] "" _flag ${_flag})
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set_property(TARGET ROOT::Flags APPEND PROPERTY INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ${_flag})
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endforeach()
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# This also fixes a bug in the linker flags
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separate_arguments(ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS)
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set_property(TARGET ROOT::Flags_CXX APPEND PROPERTY
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INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ${ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS})
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# Make sure you link with ROOT::Flags_CXX too!
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```
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@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ add_subdirectory(extended-project)
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add_subdirectory(root-usefile)
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add_subdirectory(root-simple)
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add_subdirectory(root-simple-3.11)
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add_subdirectory(root-dict)
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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## [main]
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4)
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4...3.15)
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project(RootDictExample LANGUAGES CXX)
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@ -9,21 +9,14 @@ set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
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set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
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set(CMAKE_PLATFORM_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
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find_package(Threads)
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find_package(ROOT CONFIG REQUIRED)
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include("${ROOT_DIR}/modules/RootNewMacros.cmake")
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# We will set the flags ourselves
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set_target_properties(ROOT::Core PROPERTIES
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INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${ROOT_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
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include_directories(ROOT_BUG)
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root_generate_dictionary(G__DictExample DictExample.h LINKDEF DictLinkDef.h)
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add_library(DictExample SHARED DictExample.cxx DictExample.h G__DictExample.cxx)
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target_include_directories(DictExample PUBLIC "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}")
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target_link_libraries(DictExample PUBLIC ROOT::Core Threads::Threads)
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target_link_libraries(DictExample PUBLIC ROOT::Core)
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## [main]
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@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
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## [main]
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.11)
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project(RootSimpleExample311 LANGUAGES CXX)
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find_package(ROOT CONFIG REQUIRED)
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## [modern_fix]
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target_include_directories(ROOT::Core INTERFACE "${ROOT_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
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add_library(ROOT::Flags_CXX IMPORTED INTERFACE)
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separate_arguments(ROOT_CXX_FLAGS)
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target_compile_options(ROOT::Flags_CXX INTERFACE ${ROOT_CXX_FLAGS})
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separate_arguments(ROOT_DEFINITIONS)
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target_compile_definitions(ROOT::Flags_CXX INTERFACE ${ROOT_DEFINITIONS})
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# This fixes a bug in the linker flags
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string(REPLACE "-L " "-L" ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS}")
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separate_arguments(ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS)
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# Stuck into using old property method due to separate -L and -l arguments
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# (A full path to -l is better!)
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set_property(TARGET ROOT::Flags_CXX PROPERTY
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INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ${ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS})
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## [modern_fix]
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add_executable(RootSimpleExample311 SimpleExample.cxx)
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target_link_libraries(RootSimpleExample311 PUBLIC ROOT::Physics ROOT::Flags_CXX)
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## [main]
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enable_testing()
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add_test(NAME RootSimpleExample311 COMMAND RootSimpleExample311)
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@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
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# A Simple ROOT Project (CMake 3.11)
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This is a minimal example of a ROOT project using the target system and without a dictionary.
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This uses the new support in CMake 3.11+ for adding interface properties on an imported interface target.
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#### examples/root-simple-3.11/CMakeLists.txt
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[import:'main', lang:'cmake'](CMakeLists.txt)
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#### examples/root-simple-3.11/SimpleExample.cxx
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[import](SimpleExample.cxx)
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@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
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#include <TLorentzVector.h>
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int main() {
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TLorentzVector v(1,2,3,4);
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v.Print();
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return 0;
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}
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@ -1,46 +1,19 @@
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## [main]
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1...3.15)
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project(RootSimpleExample LANGUAGES CXX)
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# Finding the ROOT package
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## [find_package]
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find_package(ROOT CONFIG REQUIRED)
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find_package(ROOT 6.16 CONFIG REQUIRED)
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## [find_package]
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# ROOT targets are missing includes and flags
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## [setup_includes]
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set_property(TARGET ROOT::Core PROPERTY
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INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${ROOT_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
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## [setup_includes]
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## [setup_flags]
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add_library(ROOT::Flags_CXX IMPORTED INTERFACE)
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# Fix for ROOT_CXX_FLAGS not actually being a CMake list
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separate_arguments(ROOT_CXX_FLAGS)
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set_property(TARGET ROOT::Flags_CXX APPEND PROPERTY
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INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS ${ROOT_CXX_FLAGS})
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# Add definitions
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separate_arguments(ROOT_DEFINITIONS)
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foreach(_flag ${ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAG_LIST})
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# Remove -D or /D if present
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string(REGEX REPLACE [=[^[-//]D]=] "" _flag ${_flag})
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set_property(TARGET ROOT::Flags APPEND PROPERTY INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ${_flag})
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endforeach()
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# This also fixes a bug in the linker flags
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string(REPLACE "-L " "-L" ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS}")
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separate_arguments(ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS)
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set_property(TARGET ROOT::Flags_CXX APPEND PROPERTY
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INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ${ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS})
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## [setup_flags]
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# Adding an exectuable program and linking to needed ROOT libraries
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# Adding an executable program and linking to needed ROOT libraries
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## [add_and_link]
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add_executable(RootSimpleExample SimpleExample.cxx)
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target_link_libraries(RootSimpleExample PUBLIC ROOT::Physics ROOT::Flags_CXX)
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target_link_libraries(RootSimpleExample PUBLIC ROOT::Physics)
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## [add_and_link]
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## [main]
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@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
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## [main]
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1...3.15)
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project(RootUseFileExample LANGUAGES CXX)
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find_package(ROOT CONFIG REQUIRED)
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find_package(ROOT 6.16 CONFIG REQUIRED)
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# Sets up global settings
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include("${ROOT_USE_FILE}")
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# This is required for ROOT < 6.16
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# string(REPLACE "-L " "-L" ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS}")
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# This is required on if there is more than one flag (like on macOS)
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# and this also fixes a bug in the linker flags
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string(REPLACE "-L " "-L" ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS}")
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separate_arguments(ROOT_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS)
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add_executable(RootUseFileExample SimpleExample.cxx)
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