choosealicense.com/_licenses/cc-by-4.0.txt

---
title: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
spdx-id: CC-BY-4.0
source: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.txt

description: Permits almost any use subject to providing credit and license notice. Frequently used for media assets and educational materials. The most common license for Open Access scientific publications. Not recommended for software.

how: Create a text file (typically named LICENSE or LICENSE.txt) in the root of your source code and copy the text of the license into the file. It is also acceptable to solely supply a link to a copy of the license, usually to the <a href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'>canonical URL for the license</a>.

using:

permissions:
  - commercial-use
  - modifications
  - distribution
  - private-use

conditions:
  - include-copyright
  - document-changes

limitations:
  - liability
  - trademark-use
  - patent-use
  - warranty

---

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
 Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and does
 not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons
 public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship.
 Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an
 “as-is” basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses,
 any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related
 information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting
 from their use to the fullest extent possible.
Using Creative Commons Public Licenses
Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and
conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original
works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other
rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are
for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of
our licenses.
Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by
those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways
otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are
irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of
the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all
rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the
material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject
to the license. This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used
under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for
licensors.
Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor
grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified
terms and conditions. If the licensor’s permission is not necessary for any
reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to
copyright–then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant
only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has
authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for
other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the
material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all
changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are
encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for
the public.
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License
By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be
bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public
License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights
in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the
Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor
receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and
conditions.
Section 1 – Definitions.
     a.	Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar
     Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in
     which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged,
     transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under
     the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of
     this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work,
     performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced
     where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving
     image.
     b.	Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and
     Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance
     with the terms and conditions of this Public License.
     c.	Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights
     closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance,
     broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without
     regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this
     Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not
     Copyright and Similar Rights.
     d.	Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the
     absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws
     fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty
     adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.
     e.	Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any
     other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that
     applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.
     f.	Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or
     other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.
     g.	Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms
     and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright
     and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and
     that the Licensor has authority to license.
     h.	Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under
     this Public License.
     i.	Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process
     that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction,
     public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination,
     communication, or importation, and to make material available to the
     public including in ways that members of the public may access the
     material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.
     j.	Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright
     resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the
     Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended
     and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere
     in the world.
     k.	You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights
     under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.
Section 2 – Scope.
     a.	License grant.
          1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the
          Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free,
          non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise
          the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:
               A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in
               part; and
               B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.
          2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where
          Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License
          does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and
          conditions.
          3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section
          6(a).
          4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor
          authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and
          formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make
          technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives
          and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You
          from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the
          Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to
          circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this
          Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this
          Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.
          5. Downstream recipients.
               A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient
               of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from
               the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms
               and conditions of this Public License.
               B. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any
               additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any
               Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if
               doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any
               recipient of the Licensed Material.
          6.  No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or
          may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or
          that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or
          sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or
          others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section
          3(a)(1)(A)(i).
b. Other rights.
          1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed
          under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other
          similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the
          Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by
          the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to
          exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.
          2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public
          License.
          3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect
          royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether
          directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or
          waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other
          cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such
          royalties.
Section 3 – License Conditions.
Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the
following conditions.
     a.	Attribution.
          1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form),
          You must:
               A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with
               the Licensed Material:
                    i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed
                    Material and any others designated to receive attribution,
                    in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor
                    (including by pseudonym if designated);
                    ii. a copyright notice;
                    iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
                    iv.	a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;
                    v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the
                    extent reasonably practicable;
               B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an
               indication of any previous modifications; and
               C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public
               License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to,
               this Public License.
          2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any
          reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which
          You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable
          to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a
          resource that includes the required information.
          3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the
          information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably
          practicable.
          4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License
          You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from
          complying with this Public License.
Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.
Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to
Your use of the Licensed Material:
     a.	for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to
     extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the
     contents of the database;
     b.	if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents
     in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the
     database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its
     individual contents) is Adapted Material; and
     c.	You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all
     or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.
For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace
Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include
other Copyright and Similar Rights.
Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.
     a.	Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent
     possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and
     as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind
     concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or
     other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title,
     merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement,
     absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence
     of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of
     warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not
     apply to You.
     b.	To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You
     on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or
     otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential,
     punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising
     out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the
     Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs,
     expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in
     full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.
     c.	The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided
     above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most
     closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.
Section 6 – Term and Termination.
     a.	This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar
     Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public
     License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate
     automatically.
     b.	Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under
     Section 6(a), it reinstates:
          1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it
          is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or
          2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
     c.	For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any
     right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this
     Public License.
     d.	For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed
     Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the
     Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this
     Public License.
     e.	Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.
Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.
     a.	The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms
     or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
     b.	Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed
     Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms
     and conditions of this Public License.
Section 8 – Interpretation.
     a.	For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall
     not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on
     any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without
     permission under this Public License.
     b.	To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is
     deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum
     extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be
     reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting
     the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.
     c.	No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no
     failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the
     Licensor.
     d.	Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a
     limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply
     to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any
     jurisdiction or authority.
Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding,
Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it
publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” Except for
the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative
Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons
policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not
authorize the use of the trademark “Creative Commons” or any other trademark
or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including,
without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any
of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or
agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt,
this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons
may be contacted at creativecommons.org.