From c7372a278d0865b3d8abc3315b66cc595e471622 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mika Tuupola Date: Thu, 3 Nov 2011 21:24:12 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] LED matrix and persistence of vision. --- 4x4_matrix_part_1/Makefile | 501 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4x4_matrix_part_1/digital_slow.c | 99 ++++++ 4x4_matrix_part_1/digital_slow.h | 23 ++ 4x4_matrix_part_1/main.c | 82 +++++ 4x4_matrix_part_1/main.h | 3 + 5 files changed, 708 insertions(+) create mode 100644 4x4_matrix_part_1/Makefile create mode 100644 4x4_matrix_part_1/digital_slow.c create mode 100644 4x4_matrix_part_1/digital_slow.h create mode 100644 4x4_matrix_part_1/main.c create mode 100644 4x4_matrix_part_1/main.h diff --git a/4x4_matrix_part_1/Makefile b/4x4_matrix_part_1/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee4ae60 --- /dev/null +++ b/4x4_matrix_part_1/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,501 @@ +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Makefile based on WinAVR Makefile Template written by Eric B. Weddington, +# Jörg Wunsch, et al. +# +# Adjust F_CPU below to the clock frequency in Mhz of your AVR target +# +# Adjust the size of the uart receive and transmit ringbuffer in bytes using +# defines -DUART_RX_BUFFER_SIZE=128 and -DUART_TX_BUFFER_SIZE=128 in the +# CDEF section below +# +#---------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# On command line: +# +# make all = Make software. +# +# make clean = Clean out built project files. +# +# make coff = Convert ELF to AVR COFF. +# +# make extcoff = Convert ELF to AVR Extended COFF. +# +# make program = Download the hex file to the device, using avrdude. +# Please customize the avrdude settings below first! +# +# make debug = Start either simulavr or avarice as specified for debugging, +# with avr-gdb or avr-insight as the front end for debugging. +# +# make filename.s = Just compile filename.c into the assembler code only. +# +# make filename.i = Create a preprocessed source file for use in submitting +# bug reports to the GCC project. +# +# To rebuild project do "make clean" then "make all". +#---------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + +# MCU name +MCU = atmega328p + +# Processor frequency. +# This will define a symbol, F_CPU, in all source code files equal to the +# processor frequency. You can then use this symbol in your source code to +# calculate timings. Do NOT tack on a 'UL' at the end, this will be done +# automatically to create a 32-bit value in your source code. +F_CPU = 16000000 + +# Output format. (can be srec, ihex, binary) +FORMAT = ihex + +# Target file name (without extension). +TARGET = main + +# List C source files here. (C dependencies are automatically generated.) +SRC = $(TARGET).c digital_slow.c + +# List Assembler source files here. +# Make them always end in a capital .S. Files ending in a lowercase .s +# will not be considered source files but generated files (assembler +# output from the compiler), and will be deleted upon "make clean"! +# Even though the DOS/Win* filesystem matches both .s and .S the same, +# it will preserve the spelling of the filenames, and gcc itself does +# care about how the name is spelled on its command-line. +ASRC = + + +# Optimization level, can be [0, 1, 2, 3, s]. +# 0 = turn off optimization. s = optimize for size. +# (Note: 3 is not always the best optimization level. See avr-libc FAQ.) +OPT = s + + +# Debugging format. +# Native formats for AVR-GCC's -g are dwarf-2 [default] or stabs. +# AVR Studio 4.10 requires dwarf-2. +# AVR [Extended] COFF format requires stabs, plus an avr-objcopy run. +DEBUG = dwarf-2 + + +# List any extra directories to look for include files here. +# Each directory must be seperated by a space. +# Use forward slashes for directory separators. +# For a directory that has spaces, enclose it in quotes. +EXTRAINCDIRS = + + +# Compiler flag to set the C Standard level. +# c89 = "ANSI" C +# gnu89 = c89 plus GCC extensions +# c99 = ISO C99 standard (not yet fully implemented) +# gnu99 = c99 plus GCC extensions +CSTANDARD = -std=gnu99 + + +# Place -D or -U options here +CDEFS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU)UL + +# uncomment and adapt these line if you want different UART library buffer size +#CDEFS += -DUART_RX_BUFFER_SIZE=128 +#CDEFS += -DUART_TX_BUFFER_SIZE=128 + + +# Place -I options here +CINCS = + + + +#---------------- Compiler Options ---------------- +# -g*: generate debugging information +# -O*: optimization level +# -f...: tuning, see GCC manual and avr-libc documentation +# -Wall...: warning level +# -Wa,...: tell GCC to pass this to the assembler. +# -adhlns...: create assembler listing +CFLAGS = -g$(DEBUG) +CFLAGS += $(CDEFS) $(CINCS) +CFLAGS += -O$(OPT) +CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums +CFLAGS += -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes +CFLAGS += -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:.c=.lst) +CFLAGS += $(patsubst %,-I%,$(EXTRAINCDIRS)) +CFLAGS += $(CSTANDARD) + + +#---------------- Assembler Options ---------------- +# -Wa,...: tell GCC to pass this to the assembler. +# -ahlms: create listing +# -gstabs: have the assembler create line number information; note that +# for use in COFF files, additional information about filenames +# and function names needs to be present in the assembler source +# files -- see avr-libc docs [FIXME: not yet described there] +ASFLAGS = -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:.S=.lst),-gstabs + + +#---------------- Library Options ---------------- +# Minimalistic printf version +PRINTF_LIB_MIN = -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min + +# Floating point printf version (requires MATH_LIB = -lm below) +PRINTF_LIB_FLOAT = -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt + +# If this is left blank, then it will use the Standard printf version. +PRINTF_LIB = +#PRINTF_LIB = $(PRINTF_LIB_MIN) +#PRINTF_LIB = $(PRINTF_LIB_FLOAT) + + +# Minimalistic scanf version +SCANF_LIB_MIN = -Wl,-u,vfscanf -lscanf_min + +# Floating point + %[ scanf version (requires MATH_LIB = -lm below) +SCANF_LIB_FLOAT = -Wl,-u,vfscanf -lscanf_flt + +# If this is left blank, then it will use the Standard scanf version. +SCANF_LIB = +#SCANF_LIB = $(SCANF_LIB_MIN) +#SCANF_LIB = $(SCANF_LIB_FLOAT) + + +MATH_LIB = -lm + + + +#---------------- External Memory Options ---------------- + +# 64 KB of external RAM, starting after internal RAM (ATmega128!), +# used for variables (.data/.bss) and heap (malloc()). +#EXTMEMOPTS = -Wl,-Tdata=0x801100,--defsym=__heap_end=0x80ffff + +# 64 KB of external RAM, starting after internal RAM (ATmega128!), +# only used for heap (malloc()). +#EXTMEMOPTS = -Wl,--defsym=__heap_start=0x801100,--defsym=__heap_end=0x80ffff + +EXTMEMOPTS = + + + +#---------------- Linker Options ---------------- +# -Wl,...: tell GCC to pass this to linker. +# -Map: create map file +# --cref: add cross reference to map file +LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map=$(TARGET).map,--cref +LDFLAGS += $(EXTMEMOPTS) +LDFLAGS += $(PRINTF_LIB) $(SCANF_LIB) $(MATH_LIB) + + + +#---------------- Programming Options (avrdude) ---------------- + +# Programming hardware: alf avr910 avrisp bascom bsd +# dt006 pavr picoweb pony-stk200 sp12 stk200 stk500 +# +# Type: avrdude -c ? +# to get a full listing. +# +AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = arduino + +# com1 = serial port. Use lpt1 to connect to parallel port. +AVRDUDE_PORT = /dev/tty.usb* # programmer connected to serial device + +AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U flash:w:$(TARGET).hex +#AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM = -U eeprom:w:$(TARGET).eep + + +# Uncomment the following if you want avrdude's erase cycle counter. +# Note that this counter needs to be initialized first using -Yn, +# see avrdude manual. +#AVRDUDE_ERASE_COUNTER = -y + +# Uncomment the following if you do /not/ wish a verification to be +# performed after programming the device. +#AVRDUDE_NO_VERIFY = -V + +# Increase verbosity level. Please use this when submitting bug +# reports about avrdude. See +# to submit bug reports. +#AVRDUDE_VERBOSE = -v -v + +AVRDUDE_FLAGS = -p $(MCU) -P $(AVRDUDE_PORT) -c $(AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER) -b 57600 +AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_NO_VERIFY) +AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_VERBOSE) +AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_ERASE_COUNTER) + + + +#---------------- Debugging Options ---------------- + +# For simulavr only - target MCU frequency. +DEBUG_MFREQ = $(F_CPU) + +# Set the DEBUG_UI to either gdb or insight. +# DEBUG_UI = gdb +DEBUG_UI = insight + +# Set the debugging back-end to either avarice, simulavr. +DEBUG_BACKEND = avarice +#DEBUG_BACKEND = simulavr + +# GDB Init Filename. +GDBINIT_FILE = __avr_gdbinit + +# When using avarice settings for the JTAG +JTAG_DEV = /dev/com1 + +# Debugging port used to communicate between GDB / avarice / simulavr. +DEBUG_PORT = 4242 + +# Debugging host used to communicate between GDB / avarice / simulavr, normally +# just set to localhost unless doing some sort of crazy debugging when +# avarice is running on a different computer. +DEBUG_HOST = localhost + + + +#============================================================================ + + +# Define programs and commands. +SHELL = sh +CC = avr-gcc +OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy +OBJDUMP = avr-objdump +SIZE = avr-size +NM = avr-nm +AVRDUDE = avrdude +REMOVE = rm -f +COPY = cp +WINSHELL = cmd + + +# Define Messages +# English +MSG_ERRORS_NONE = Errors: none +MSG_BEGIN = -------- begin -------- +MSG_END = -------- end -------- +MSG_SIZE_BEFORE = Size before: +MSG_SIZE_AFTER = Size after: +MSG_COFF = Converting to AVR COFF: +MSG_EXTENDED_COFF = Converting to AVR Extended COFF: +MSG_FLASH = Creating load file for Flash: +MSG_EEPROM = Creating load file for EEPROM: +MSG_EXTENDED_LISTING = Creating Extended Listing: +MSG_SYMBOL_TABLE = Creating Symbol Table: +MSG_LINKING = Linking: +MSG_COMPILING = Compiling: +MSG_ASSEMBLING = Assembling: +MSG_CLEANING = Cleaning project: + + + + +# Define all object files. +OBJ = $(SRC:.c=.o) $(ASRC:.S=.o) + +# Define all listing files. +LST = $(SRC:.c=.lst) $(ASRC:.S=.lst) + + +# Compiler flags to generate dependency files. +GENDEPFLAGS = -MD -MP -MF .dep/$(@F).d + + +# Combine all necessary flags and optional flags. +# Add target processor to flags. +ALL_CFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CFLAGS) $(GENDEPFLAGS) +ALL_ASFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. -x assembler-with-cpp $(ASFLAGS) + + + + + +# Default target. +all: begin gccversion sizebefore build sizeafter end + +build: elf hex eep lss sym + +elf: $(TARGET).elf +hex: $(TARGET).hex +eep: $(TARGET).eep +lss: $(TARGET).lss +sym: $(TARGET).sym + + + +# Eye candy. +# AVR Studio 3.x does not check make's exit code but relies on +# the following magic strings to be generated by the compile job. +begin: + @echo + @echo $(MSG_BEGIN) + +end: + @echo $(MSG_END) + @echo + + +# Display size of file. +HEXSIZE = $(SIZE) --target=$(FORMAT) $(TARGET).hex +ELFSIZE = $(SIZE) -A $(TARGET).elf +AVRMEM = avr-mem.sh $(TARGET).elf $(MCU) + +sizebefore: + @if test -f $(TARGET).elf; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_BEFORE); $(ELFSIZE); \ + $(AVRMEM) 2>/dev/null; echo; fi + +sizeafter: + @if test -f $(TARGET).elf; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_AFTER); $(ELFSIZE); \ + $(AVRMEM) 2>/dev/null; echo; fi + + + +# Display compiler version information. +gccversion : + @$(CC) --version + + + +# Program the device. +program: $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).eep + $(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_FLAGS) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM) + + +# Generate avr-gdb config/init file which does the following: +# define the reset signal, load the target file, connect to target, and set +# a breakpoint at main(). +gdb-config: + @$(REMOVE) $(GDBINIT_FILE) + @echo define reset >> $(GDBINIT_FILE) + @echo SIGNAL SIGHUP >> $(GDBINIT_FILE) + @echo end >> $(GDBINIT_FILE) + @echo file $(TARGET).elf >> $(GDBINIT_FILE) + @echo target remote $(DEBUG_HOST):$(DEBUG_PORT) >> $(GDBINIT_FILE) +ifeq ($(DEBUG_BACKEND),simulavr) + @echo load >> $(GDBINIT_FILE) +endif + @echo break main >> $(GDBINIT_FILE) + +debug: gdb-config $(TARGET).elf +ifeq ($(DEBUG_BACKEND), avarice) + @echo Starting AVaRICE - Press enter when "waiting to connect" message displays. + @$(WINSHELL) /c start avarice --jtag $(JTAG_DEV) --erase --program --file \ + $(TARGET).elf $(DEBUG_HOST):$(DEBUG_PORT) + @$(WINSHELL) /c pause + +else + @$(WINSHELL) /c start simulavr --gdbserver --device $(MCU) --clock-freq \ + $(DEBUG_MFREQ) --port $(DEBUG_PORT) +endif + @$(WINSHELL) /c start avr-$(DEBUG_UI) --command=$(GDBINIT_FILE) + + + + +# Convert ELF to COFF for use in debugging / simulating in AVR Studio or VMLAB. +COFFCONVERT=$(OBJCOPY) --debugging \ +--change-section-address .data-0x800000 \ +--change-section-address .bss-0x800000 \ +--change-section-address .noinit-0x800000 \ +--change-section-address .eeprom-0x810000 + + +coff: $(TARGET).elf + @echo + @echo $(MSG_COFF) $(TARGET).cof + $(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-avr $< $(TARGET).cof + + +extcoff: $(TARGET).elf + @echo + @echo $(MSG_EXTENDED_COFF) $(TARGET).cof + $(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-ext-avr $< $(TARGET).cof + + + +# Create final output files (.hex, .eep) from ELF output file. +%.hex: %.elf + @echo + @echo $(MSG_FLASH) $@ + $(OBJCOPY) -O $(FORMAT) -R .eeprom $< $@ + +%.eep: %.elf + @echo + @echo $(MSG_EEPROM) $@ + -$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom="alloc,load" \ + --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O $(FORMAT) $< $@ + +# Create extended listing file from ELF output file. +%.lss: %.elf + @echo + @echo $(MSG_EXTENDED_LISTING) $@ + $(OBJDUMP) -h -S $< > $@ + +# Create a symbol table from ELF output file. +%.sym: %.elf + @echo + @echo $(MSG_SYMBOL_TABLE) $@ + $(NM) -n $< > $@ + + + +# Link: create ELF output file from object files. +.SECONDARY : $(TARGET).elf +.PRECIOUS : $(OBJ) +%.elf: $(OBJ) + @echo + @echo $(MSG_LINKING) $@ + $(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $^ --output $@ $(LDFLAGS) + + +# Compile: create object files from C source files. +%.o : %.c + @echo + @echo $(MSG_COMPILING) $< + $(CC) -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@ + + +# Compile: create assembler files from C source files. +%.s : %.c + $(CC) -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@ + + +# Assemble: create object files from assembler source files. +%.o : %.S + @echo + @echo $(MSG_ASSEMBLING) $< + $(CC) -c $(ALL_ASFLAGS) $< -o $@ + +# Create preprocessed source for use in sending a bug report. +%.i : %.c + $(CC) -E -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@ + + +# Target: clean project. +clean: begin clean_list end + +clean_list : + @echo + @echo $(MSG_CLEANING) + $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).hex + $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).eep + $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).cof + $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).elf + $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).map + $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).sym + $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).lss + $(REMOVE) $(OBJ) + $(REMOVE) $(LST) + $(REMOVE) $(SRC:.c=.s) + $(REMOVE) $(SRC:.c=.d) + $(REMOVE) .dep/* + + + +# Include the dependency files. +-include $(shell mkdir .dep 2>/dev/null) $(wildcard .dep/*) + + +# Listing of phony targets. +.PHONY : all begin finish end sizebefore sizeafter gccversion \ +build elf hex eep lss sym coff extcoff \ +clean clean_list program debug gdb-config + diff --git a/4x4_matrix_part_1/digital_slow.c b/4x4_matrix_part_1/digital_slow.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61ad47b --- /dev/null +++ b/4x4_matrix_part_1/digital_slow.c @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +#include +#include "digital_slow.h" + +const uint8_t PROGMEM portmask_at_pin[] = { + _BV(0), /* 0, port D */ + _BV(1), + _BV(2), + _BV(3), + _BV(4), + _BV(5), + _BV(6), + _BV(7), + _BV(0), /* 8, port B */ + _BV(1), + _BV(2), + _BV(3), + _BV(4), + _BV(5), + _BV(0), /* 14, port C */ + _BV(1), + _BV(2), + _BV(3), + _BV(4), + _BV(5), + _BV(6), + _BV(7) +}; + +const uint8_t PROGMEM port_at_pin[] = { + PD, /* 0 */ + PD, + PD, + PD, + PD, + PD, + PD, + PD, + PB, /* 8 */ + PB, + PB, + PB, + PB, + PB, + PC, /* 14 */ + PC, + PC, + PC, + PC, + PC, + PB, /* 20 */ + PB +}; + +const uint16_t PROGMEM output_reg_at_port[] = { + 0, + 0, + (uint16_t) &PORTB, + (uint16_t) &PORTC, + (uint16_t) &PORTD +}; + + + + +const uint16_t PROGMEM direction_reg_at_port[] = { + 0, + 0, + (uint16_t) &DDRB, + (uint16_t) &DDRC, + (uint16_t) &DDRD +}; + +void pin_mode(uint8_t pin, uint8_t mode) { + + uint8_t port_mask = pgm_read_byte(portmask_at_pin + pin); + uint8_t port = pgm_read_byte(port_at_pin + pin); + + volatile uint8_t *direction_register = pgm_read_byte(direction_reg_at_port + port);; + + if (mode == INPUT) { + *direction_register &= ~port_mask; + } else { + *direction_register |= port_mask; + } +} + +void digital_write(uint8_t pin, uint8_t value) { + volatile uint8_t *out; + + uint8_t port_mask = pgm_read_byte(portmask_at_pin + pin); + uint8_t port = pgm_read_byte(port_at_pin + pin); + uint8_t *output_register = pgm_read_byte(output_reg_at_port + port); + + if (0 == value) { + *output_register &= ~port_mask; + } else { + *output_register |= port_mask; + } +} diff --git a/4x4_matrix_part_1/digital_slow.h b/4x4_matrix_part_1/digital_slow.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1701739 --- /dev/null +++ b/4x4_matrix_part_1/digital_slow.h @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#ifndef DIGITAL_SLOW_H +#define DIGITAL_SLOW_H +#include + +#define HIGH 0x1 +#define LOW 0x0 + +#define INPUT 0x0 +#define OUTPUT 0x1 + +#define PB 2 +#define PC 3 +#define PD 4 + +extern const uint8_t PROGMEM portmask_at_pin[]; +extern const uint8_t PROGMEM port_at_pin[]; +extern const uint16_t PROGMEM output_reg_at_port[]; +extern const uint16_t PROGMEM direction_reg_at_port[]; + +void pin_mode(uint8_t pin, uint8_t mode); +void digital_write(uint8_t pin, uint8_t value); + +#endif /* DIGITAL_SLOW_H */ diff --git a/4x4_matrix_part_1/main.c b/4x4_matrix_part_1/main.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a12b98b --- /dev/null +++ b/4x4_matrix_part_1/main.c @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +/* + * + * To compile and upload run: make clean; make; make program; + * + * Copyright 2011 Mika Tuupola + * + * Licensed under the MIT license: + * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php + * + */ + +#include +#include + +#include "main.h" +#include "digital_slow.h" + +uint8_t column_pins[4] = {2, 3, 4, 5}; +uint8_t row_pins[4] = {11, 10, 9, 8}; +uint8_t pattern[4][4] = {{1,0,0,1}, + {0,1,0,0}, + {0,0,1,0}, + {1,0,0,1}}; + +static void init(void) { + + /* Turn all columns off by setting then low. */ + for (uint8_t x=0; x<4; x++) { + pin_mode(column_pins[x], OUTPUT); + digital_write(column_pins[x], LOW); + } + + /* Turn all rows off by setting then high. */ + for (uint8_t y=0; y<4; y++) { + pin_mode(row_pins[y], OUTPUT); + digital_write(row_pins[y], HIGH); + } + +} + +void draw(uint8_t buffer[4][4]) { + static uint8_t row = 0; + + /* Turn off whole row. */ + digital_write(row_pins[row], HIGH); + + /* Advance one row and make sure it is 0..4 */ + row++; + row = row % 4; + + /* Connect or disconnect columns as needed. */ + for (uint8_t column=0; column<4; column++) { + digital_write(column_pins[column], buffer[row][column]); + } + + /* Turn on whole row. */ + digital_write(row_pins[row], LOW); +} + +int main(void) { + + init(); + + /* With 100ms delay eye can see updating row by row. */ + for (uint8_t i=0; i<40; i++) { + draw(pattern); + _delay_ms(100); + } + + /* With 10ms delay pattern appears but flickers. */ + for (uint16_t i=0; i<400; i++) { + draw(pattern); + _delay_ms(10); + } + + /* Withoud delay solid pattern appears. */ + while (1) { + draw(pattern); + } + return 0; + +} diff --git a/4x4_matrix_part_1/main.h b/4x4_matrix_part_1/main.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee7f6e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/4x4_matrix_part_1/main.h @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +static void init(void); +void draw(uint8_t buffer[4][4]); +int main(void);