Add SPI version of blog article code.

blog/driving_595/spi/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Makefile based on WinAVR Makefile Template written by Eric B. Weddington, 
+# Jörg Wunsch, et al.
+#
+# Adjust F_CPU below to the clock frequency in Mhz of your AVR target
+#
+# Adjust the size of the uart receive and transmit ringbuffer in bytes using 
+# defines -DUART_RX_BUFFER_SIZE=128 and -DUART_TX_BUFFER_SIZE=128 in the 
+# CDEF section below
+# 
+#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# On command line:
+#
+# make all = Make software.
+#
+# make clean = Clean out built project files.
+#
+# make coff = Convert ELF to AVR COFF.
+#
+# make extcoff = Convert ELF to AVR Extended COFF.
+#
+# make program = Download the hex file to the device, using avrdude.
+#                Please customize the avrdude settings below first!
+#
+# make debug = Start either simulavr or avarice as specified for debugging, 
+#              with avr-gdb or avr-insight as the front end for debugging.
+#
+# make filename.s = Just compile filename.c into the assembler code only.
+#
+# make filename.i = Create a preprocessed source file for use in submitting
+#                   bug reports to the GCC project.
+#
+# To rebuild project do "make clean" then "make all".
+#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# MCU name
+#MCU = atmega328p
+MCU = atmega32u4
+
+# Processor frequency.
+#     This will define a symbol, F_CPU, in all source code files equal to the 
+#     processor frequency. You can then use this symbol in your source code to 
+#     calculate timings. Do NOT tack on a 'UL' at the end, this will be done
+#     automatically to create a 32-bit value in your source code.
+F_CPU = 16000000
+
+# Output format. (can be srec, ihex, binary)
+FORMAT = ihex
+
+# Target file name (without extension).
+TARGET = main
+
+# List C source files here. (C dependencies are automatically generated.) 
+SRC = $(TARGET).c
+
+# List Assembler source files here.
+#     Make them always end in a capital .S.  Files ending in a lowercase .s
+#     will not be considered source files but generated files (assembler
+#     output from the compiler), and will be deleted upon "make clean"!
+#     Even though the DOS/Win* filesystem matches both .s and .S the same,
+#     it will preserve the spelling of the filenames, and gcc itself does
+#     care about how the name is spelled on its command-line.
+ASRC = 
+
+
+# Optimization level, can be [0, 1, 2, 3, s]. 
+#     0 = turn off optimization. s = optimize for size.
+#     (Note: 3 is not always the best optimization level. See avr-libc FAQ.)
+OPT = s
+
+
+# Debugging format.
+#     Native formats for AVR-GCC's -g are dwarf-2 [default] or stabs.
+#     AVR Studio 4.10 requires dwarf-2.
+#     AVR [Extended] COFF format requires stabs, plus an avr-objcopy run.
+DEBUG = dwarf-2
+
+
+# List any extra directories to look for include files here.
+#     Each directory must be seperated by a space.
+#     Use forward slashes for directory separators.
+#     For a directory that has spaces, enclose it in quotes.
+EXTRAINCDIRS = 
+
+
+# Compiler flag to set the C Standard level.
+#     c89   = "ANSI" C
+#     gnu89 = c89 plus GCC extensions
+#     c99   = ISO C99 standard (not yet fully implemented)
+#     gnu99 = c99 plus GCC extensions
+CSTANDARD = -std=gnu99
+
+
+# Place -D or -U options here
+CDEFS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU)UL  
+
+# uncomment and adapt these line if you want different UART library buffer size
+#CDEFS += -DUART_RX_BUFFER_SIZE=128
+#CDEFS += -DUART_TX_BUFFER_SIZE=128
+
+
+# Place -I options here
+CINCS =
+
+
+
+#---------------- Compiler Options ----------------
+#  -g*:          generate debugging information
+#  -O*:          optimization level
+#  -f...:        tuning, see GCC manual and avr-libc documentation
+#  -Wall...:     warning level
+#  -Wa,...:      tell GCC to pass this to the assembler.
+#    -adhlns...: create assembler listing
+CFLAGS = -g$(DEBUG)
+CFLAGS += $(CDEFS) $(CINCS)
+CFLAGS += -O$(OPT)
+CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
+CFLAGS += -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes
+CFLAGS += -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:.c=.lst)
+CFLAGS += $(patsubst %,-I%,$(EXTRAINCDIRS))
+CFLAGS += $(CSTANDARD)
+
+
+#---------------- Assembler Options ----------------
+#  -Wa,...:   tell GCC to pass this to the assembler.
+#  -ahlms:    create listing
+#  -gstabs:   have the assembler create line number information; note that
+#             for use in COFF files, additional information about filenames
+#             and function names needs to be present in the assembler source
+#             files -- see avr-libc docs [FIXME: not yet described there]
+ASFLAGS = -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:.S=.lst),-gstabs 
+
+
+#---------------- Library Options ----------------
+# Minimalistic printf version
+PRINTF_LIB_MIN = -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min
+
+# Floating point printf version (requires MATH_LIB = -lm below)
+PRINTF_LIB_FLOAT = -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt
+
+# If this is left blank, then it will use the Standard printf version.
+PRINTF_LIB = 
+#PRINTF_LIB = $(PRINTF_LIB_MIN)
+#PRINTF_LIB = $(PRINTF_LIB_FLOAT)
+
+
+# Minimalistic scanf version
+SCANF_LIB_MIN = -Wl,-u,vfscanf -lscanf_min
+
+# Floating point + %[ scanf version (requires MATH_LIB = -lm below)
+SCANF_LIB_FLOAT = -Wl,-u,vfscanf -lscanf_flt
+
+# If this is left blank, then it will use the Standard scanf version.
+SCANF_LIB = 
+#SCANF_LIB = $(SCANF_LIB_MIN)
+#SCANF_LIB = $(SCANF_LIB_FLOAT)
+
+
+MATH_LIB = -lm
+
+
+
+#---------------- External Memory Options ----------------
+
+# 64 KB of external RAM, starting after internal RAM (ATmega128!),
+# used for variables (.data/.bss) and heap (malloc()).
+#EXTMEMOPTS = -Wl,-Tdata=0x801100,--defsym=__heap_end=0x80ffff
+
+# 64 KB of external RAM, starting after internal RAM (ATmega128!),
+# only used for heap (malloc()).
+#EXTMEMOPTS = -Wl,--defsym=__heap_start=0x801100,--defsym=__heap_end=0x80ffff
+
+EXTMEMOPTS =
+
+
+
+#---------------- Linker Options ----------------
+#  -Wl,...:     tell GCC to pass this to linker.
+#    -Map:      create map file
+#    --cref:    add cross reference to  map file
+LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map=$(TARGET).map,--cref
+LDFLAGS += $(EXTMEMOPTS)
+LDFLAGS += $(PRINTF_LIB) $(SCANF_LIB) $(MATH_LIB)
+
+
+
+#---------------- Programming Options (avrdude) ----------------
+
+# Programming hardware: alf avr910 avrisp bascom bsd 
+# dt006 pavr picoweb pony-stk200 sp12 stk200 stk500
+#
+# Type: avrdude -c ?
+# to get a full listing.
+#
+#AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = arduino
+AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = avr109
+
+# com1 = serial port. Use lpt1 to connect to parallel port.
+AVRDUDE_PORT = /dev/tty.usb*    # programmer connected to serial device
+
+AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U flash:w:$(TARGET).hex
+#AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM = -U eeprom:w:$(TARGET).eep
+
+
+# Uncomment the following if you want avrdude's erase cycle counter.
+# Note that this counter needs to be initialized first using -Yn,
+# see avrdude manual.
+#AVRDUDE_ERASE_COUNTER = -y
+
+# Uncomment the following if you do /not/ wish a verification to be
+# performed after programming the device.
+#AVRDUDE_NO_VERIFY = -V
+
+# Increase verbosity level.  Please use this when submitting bug
+# reports about avrdude. See <http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/avrdude> 
+# to submit bug reports.
+#AVRDUDE_VERBOSE = -v -v
+
+AVRDUDE_FLAGS = -p $(MCU) -P $(AVRDUDE_PORT) -c $(AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER) -b 57600
+AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_NO_VERIFY)
+AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_VERBOSE)
+AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_ERASE_COUNTER)
+
+
+
+#---------------- Debugging Options ----------------
+
+# For simulavr only - target MCU frequency.
+DEBUG_MFREQ = $(F_CPU)
+
+# Set the DEBUG_UI to either gdb or insight.
+# DEBUG_UI = gdb
+DEBUG_UI = insight
+
+# Set the debugging back-end to either avarice, simulavr.
+DEBUG_BACKEND = avarice
+#DEBUG_BACKEND = simulavr
+
+# GDB Init Filename.
+GDBINIT_FILE = __avr_gdbinit
+
+# When using avarice settings for the JTAG
+JTAG_DEV = /dev/com1
+
+# Debugging port used to communicate between GDB / avarice / simulavr.
+DEBUG_PORT = 4242
+
+# Debugging host used to communicate between GDB / avarice / simulavr, normally
+#     just set to localhost unless doing some sort of crazy debugging when 
+#     avarice is running on a different computer.
+DEBUG_HOST = localhost
+
+
+
+#============================================================================
+
+
+# Define programs and commands.
+SHELL = sh
+CC = avr-gcc
+OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
+OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
+SIZE = avr-size
+NM = avr-nm
+AVRDUDE = avrdude
+REMOVE = rm -f
+COPY = cp
+WINSHELL = cmd
+
+
+# Define Messages
+# English
+MSG_ERRORS_NONE = Errors: none
+MSG_BEGIN = -------- begin --------
+MSG_END = --------  end  --------
+MSG_SIZE_BEFORE = Size before: 
+MSG_SIZE_AFTER = Size after:
+MSG_COFF = Converting to AVR COFF:
+MSG_EXTENDED_COFF = Converting to AVR Extended COFF:
+MSG_FLASH = Creating load file for Flash:
+MSG_EEPROM = Creating load file for EEPROM:
+MSG_EXTENDED_LISTING = Creating Extended Listing:
+MSG_SYMBOL_TABLE = Creating Symbol Table:
+MSG_LINKING = Linking:
+MSG_COMPILING = Compiling:
+MSG_ASSEMBLING = Assembling:
+MSG_CLEANING = Cleaning project:
+
+
+
+
+# Define all object files.
+OBJ = $(SRC:.c=.o) $(ASRC:.S=.o) 
+
+# Define all listing files.
+LST = $(SRC:.c=.lst) $(ASRC:.S=.lst) 
+
+
+# Compiler flags to generate dependency files.
+GENDEPFLAGS = -MD -MP -MF .dep/$(@F).d
+
+
+# Combine all necessary flags and optional flags.
+# Add target processor to flags.
+ALL_CFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CFLAGS) $(GENDEPFLAGS)
+ALL_ASFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. -x assembler-with-cpp $(ASFLAGS)
+
+
+
+
+
+# Default target.
+all: begin gccversion sizebefore build sizeafter end
+
+build: elf hex eep lss sym
+
+elf: $(TARGET).elf
+hex: $(TARGET).hex
+eep: $(TARGET).eep
+lss: $(TARGET).lss 
+sym: $(TARGET).sym
+
+
+
+# Eye candy.
+# AVR Studio 3.x does not check make's exit code but relies on
+# the following magic strings to be generated by the compile job.
+begin:
+	@echo
+	@echo $(MSG_BEGIN)
+
+end:
+	@echo $(MSG_END)
+	@echo
+
+
+# Display size of file.
+HEXSIZE = $(SIZE) --target=$(FORMAT) $(TARGET).hex
+ELFSIZE = $(SIZE) -A $(TARGET).elf
+AVRMEM = avr-mem.sh $(TARGET).elf $(MCU)
+
+sizebefore:
+	@if test -f $(TARGET).elf; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_BEFORE); $(ELFSIZE); \
+	$(AVRMEM) 2>/dev/null; echo; fi
+
+sizeafter:
+	@if test -f $(TARGET).elf; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_AFTER); $(ELFSIZE); \
+	$(AVRMEM) 2>/dev/null; echo; fi
+
+
+
+# Display compiler version information.
+gccversion : 
+	@$(CC) --version
+
+
+
+# Program the device.  
+program: $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).eep
+	$(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_FLAGS) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM)
+
+
+# Generate avr-gdb config/init file which does the following:
+#     define the reset signal, load the target file, connect to target, and set 
+#     a breakpoint at main().
+gdb-config: 
+	@$(REMOVE) $(GDBINIT_FILE)
+	@echo define reset >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
+	@echo SIGNAL SIGHUP >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
+	@echo end >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
+	@echo file $(TARGET).elf >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
+	@echo target remote $(DEBUG_HOST):$(DEBUG_PORT)  >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
+ifeq ($(DEBUG_BACKEND),simulavr)
+	@echo load  >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
+endif	
+	@echo break main >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
+	
+debug: gdb-config $(TARGET).elf
+ifeq ($(DEBUG_BACKEND), avarice)
+	@echo Starting AVaRICE - Press enter when "waiting to connect" message displays.
+	@$(WINSHELL) /c start avarice --jtag $(JTAG_DEV) --erase --program --file \
+	$(TARGET).elf $(DEBUG_HOST):$(DEBUG_PORT)
+	@$(WINSHELL) /c pause
+	
+else
+	@$(WINSHELL) /c start simulavr --gdbserver --device $(MCU) --clock-freq \
+	$(DEBUG_MFREQ) --port $(DEBUG_PORT)
+endif
+	@$(WINSHELL) /c start avr-$(DEBUG_UI) --command=$(GDBINIT_FILE)
+	
+
+
+
+# Convert ELF to COFF for use in debugging / simulating in AVR Studio or VMLAB.
+COFFCONVERT=$(OBJCOPY) --debugging \
+--change-section-address .data-0x800000 \
+--change-section-address .bss-0x800000 \
+--change-section-address .noinit-0x800000 \
+--change-section-address .eeprom-0x810000 
+
+
+coff: $(TARGET).elf
+	@echo
+	@echo $(MSG_COFF) $(TARGET).cof
+	$(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-avr $< $(TARGET).cof
+
+
+extcoff: $(TARGET).elf
+	@echo
+	@echo $(MSG_EXTENDED_COFF) $(TARGET).cof
+	$(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-ext-avr $< $(TARGET).cof
+
+
+
+# Create final output files (.hex, .eep) from ELF output file.
+%.hex: %.elf
+	@echo
+	@echo $(MSG_FLASH) $@
+	$(OBJCOPY) -O $(FORMAT) -R .eeprom $< $@
+
+%.eep: %.elf
+	@echo
+	@echo $(MSG_EEPROM) $@
+	-$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom="alloc,load" \
+	--change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O $(FORMAT) $< $@
+
+# Create extended listing file from ELF output file.
+%.lss: %.elf
+	@echo
+	@echo $(MSG_EXTENDED_LISTING) $@
+	$(OBJDUMP) -h -S $< > $@
+
+# Create a symbol table from ELF output file.
+%.sym: %.elf
+	@echo
+	@echo $(MSG_SYMBOL_TABLE) $@
+	$(NM) -n $< > $@
+
+
+
+# Link: create ELF output file from object files.
+.SECONDARY : $(TARGET).elf
+.PRECIOUS : $(OBJ)
+%.elf: $(OBJ)
+	@echo
+	@echo $(MSG_LINKING) $@
+	$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $^ --output $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+
+
+# Compile: create object files from C source files.
+%.o : %.c
+	@echo
+	@echo $(MSG_COMPILING) $<
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@ 
+
+
+# Compile: create assembler files from C source files.
+%.s : %.c
+	$(CC) -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@
+
+
+# Assemble: create object files from assembler source files.
+%.o : %.S
+	@echo
+	@echo $(MSG_ASSEMBLING) $<
+	$(CC) -c $(ALL_ASFLAGS) $< -o $@
+
+# Create preprocessed source for use in sending a bug report.
+%.i : %.c
+	$(CC) -E -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@ 
+
+
+# Target: clean project.
+clean: begin clean_list end
+
+clean_list :
+	@echo
+	@echo $(MSG_CLEANING)
+	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).hex
+	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).eep
+	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).cof
+	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).elf
+	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).map
+	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).sym
+	$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).lss
+	$(REMOVE) $(OBJ)
+	$(REMOVE) $(LST)
+	$(REMOVE) $(SRC:.c=.s)
+	$(REMOVE) $(SRC:.c=.d)
+	$(REMOVE) .dep/*
+
+
+
+# Include the dependency files.
+-include $(shell mkdir .dep 2>/dev/null) $(wildcard .dep/*)
+
+
+# Listing of phony targets.
+.PHONY : all begin finish end sizebefore sizeafter gccversion \
+build elf hex eep lss sym coff extcoff \
+clean clean_list program debug gdb-config
+

blog/driving_595/spi/digital.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * digital.h
+ * 
+ * Lightweight macro implementation of AVR pin numbering for
+ * accessing Atmel digital and analog pins.
+ *
+ * pin_mode(A1, OUTPUT);
+ * digital_write(A1, HIGH);
+ * pin_mode(A2, INPUT);
+ * digital_read(A2);
+ *
+ * This file is based on the excellent ArduinoLite project by 
+ * Shikai Chen <csk@live.com>. 
+ *
+ *   http://code.google.com/p/arduino-lite/
+ *   http://www.csksoft.net/
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2011 Shikai Chen, Mika Tuupola
+ *
+ * Licensed under the LGPL 2.1 license:
+ *   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.php
+ */
+
+#ifndef DIGITAL_H
+#define DIGITAL_H
+#include "pins.h"
+
+#define digital_read(pin)       EXPAND_WRAPPER(_DIGITAL_READ, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
+#define digital_read_raw(pin)   EXPAND_WRAPPER(_DIGITAL_READ_RAW, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
+#define digital_write(pin, val) DIGITAL_WRITE_##val(pin)
+#define digital_toggle(pin)     EXPAND_WRAPPER(_DIGITAL_TOGGLE, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
+
+#endif /* DIGITAL_H */

blog/driving_595/spi/main.c

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * Code to write data to two daisychained TPIC6B595 SIPO shift registers.
+ *
+ * http://appelsiini.net/2011/driving-595-shift-registers
+ * 
+ * The TPIC6B595 is a monolithic, high-voltage, medium-current power 8-bit 
+ * shift register designed for use in systems that require relatively high 
+ * load power.
+ *
+ * This device contains an 8-bit serial-in, parallel-out shift register that 
+ * feeds an 8-bit D-type storage register. Data transfers through both the 
+ * shift and storage registers on the rising edge of the shift-register clock 
+ * (SRCK) and the register clock (RCK), respectively. The storage register 
+ * transfers data to the output buffer when shift-register clear (SRCLR) is 
+ * high. When SRCLR is low, the input shift register is cleared. When output
+ * enable (G) is held high, all data in the output buffers is held low and all 
+ * drain outputs are off. When G is held low, data from the storage register 
+ * is transparent to the output buffers. When data in the output buffers is 
+ * low, the DMOS-transistor outputs are off. When data is high, the DMOS- 
+ * transistor outputs have sink-current capability. The serial output (SER 
+ * OUT) allows for cascading of the data from the shift register to additional 
+ * devices.
+ *
+ * http://www.adafruit.com/datasheets/tpic6b595.pdf
+ * 
+ * To compile and upload run: make clean; make; make program;
+ * 
+ * Copyright 2012 Mika Tuupola
+ *
+ * Licensed under the MIT license:
+ *   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <util/delay.h>
+
+#include "main.h"
+#include "pins/digital.h"
+
+#define SS   B0 
+#define SCLK B1 
+#define MOSI B2 
+#define MISO B3
+
+void spi_init(void) {
+    pin_mode(SCLK, OUTPUT);
+    pin_mode(MOSI, OUTPUT);
+    pin_mode(SS, OUTPUT); /* Should be output in Master mode. */
+    
+    SPCR &= ~(_BV(DORD)); /* MSB first. */
+    SPCR |= _BV(MSTR);    /* Act as master. */
+    SPCR |= _BV(SPE);     /* Enable SPI. */
+}
+
+uint8_t spi_transfer(volatile uint8_t data) {
+    SPDR = data;
+    loop_until_bit_is_set(SPSR, SPIF);
+    return SPDR;
+}
+
+int main(void) {    
+    
+    spi_init();
+    
+    for(uint16_t i = 0; i < 0xffff; i++) {
+
+        /* Shift high byte first to shift registers. */
+        spi_transfer(i >> 8); 
+        spi_transfer(i & 0xff);
+
+        /* Pulse latch to transfer data from shift registers */
+        /* to storage registers. */
+        digital_write(SS, LOW); 
+        digital_write(SS, HIGH);
+
+        _delay_ms(500);
+    }
+    return 0;
+  
+}

blog/driving_595/spi/main.h

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+static void init(void);
+int main(void);

blog/driving_595/spi/pins/arduino.h

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * arduino.h
+ *
+ * Lightweight macro implementation of Arduino style pin numbering 
+ * for accessing Atmel digital and analog pins.
+ *
+ * pin_mode(1, OUTPUT);
+ * digital_write(1, HIGH);
+ * pin_mode(2, INPUT);
+ * digital_read(2);
+ *
+ * This file is based on Arduino project.
+ *   https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2011 David A. Mellis, Mika tuupola
+ *
+ * Licensed under the LGPL 2.1 license:
+ *   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.php
+ */
+
+#ifndef ARDUINO_H
+#define ARDUINO_H
+
+/* atmega328 */
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_0   PortD  
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_1   PortD 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_2   PortD 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_3   PortD 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_4   PortD 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_5   PortD 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_6   PortD 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_7   PortD 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_8   PortB  
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_9   PortB 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_10  PortB 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_11  PortB 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_12  PortB 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_13  PortB 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_14  PortC
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_15  PortC 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_16  PortC 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_17  PortC 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_18  PortC 
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_19  PortC 
+
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_20  PortB
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_21  PortB
+
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_0   _BV(0)  
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_1   _BV(1) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_2   _BV(2) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_3   _BV(3) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_4   _BV(4) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_5   _BV(5) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_6   _BV(6) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_7   _BV(7) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_8   _BV(0)  
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_9   _BV(1) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_10  _BV(2) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_11  _BV(3) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_12  _BV(4) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_13  _BV(5) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_14  _BV(0) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_15  _BV(1) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_16  _BV(2) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_17  _BV(3) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_18  _BV(4) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_19  _BV(5) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_20  _BV(6) 
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_21  _BV(7)
+
+#endif /* ARDUINO_H */

blog/driving_595/spi/pins/digital.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * digital.h
+ * 
+ * Lightweight macro implementation of AVR pin numbering for
+ * accessing Atmel digital and analog pins.
+ *
+ * pin_mode(A1, OUTPUT);
+ * digital_write(A1, HIGH);
+ * pin_mode(A2, INPUT);
+ * digital_read(A2);
+ *
+ * This file is based on the excellent ArduinoLite project by 
+ * Shikai Chen <csk@live.com>. 
+ *
+ *   http://code.google.com/p/arduino-lite/
+ *   http://www.csksoft.net/
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2011 Shikai Chen, Mika Tuupola
+ *
+ * Licensed under the LGPL 2.1 license:
+ *   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.php
+ */
+
+#ifndef DIGITAL_H
+#define DIGITAL_H
+#include "pins.h"
+
+#define digital_read(pin)       EXPAND_WRAPPER(_DIGITAL_READ, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
+#define digital_read_raw(pin)   EXPAND_WRAPPER(_DIGITAL_READ_RAW, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
+#define digital_write(pin, val) DIGITAL_WRITE_##val(pin)
+#define digital_toggle(pin)     EXPAND_WRAPPER(_DIGITAL_TOGGLE, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
+
+#endif /* DIGITAL_H */

blog/driving_595/spi/pins/pins.h

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/*
+ * pins.h
+ * 
+ * Lightweight macro implementation of AVR pin numbering for
+ * accessing Atmel digital and analog pins.
+ *
+ * pin_mode(A1, OUTPUT);
+ * digital_write(A1, HIGH);
+ * pin_mode(A2, INPUT);
+ * digital_read(A2);
+ *
+ * This file is based on the excellent ArduinoLite project by 
+ * Shikai Chen <csk@live.com>. 
+ *
+ *   http://code.google.com/p/arduino-lite/
+ *   http://www.csksoft.net/
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2011 Shikai Chen, Mika Tuupola
+ *
+ * Licensed under the LGPL 2.1 license:
+ *   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.php
+ */
+
+#ifndef PINS_H
+#define PINS_H
+
+#include <avr/sfr_defs.h>
+#include <avr/io.h>
+
+#include "arduino.h"
+
+#define HIGH 0x1
+#define LOW  0x0
+
+#define INPUT  0x0
+#define OUTPUT 0x1
+
+#define ENABLE  0x1
+#define DISABLE 0x0
+
+#define PIN_TO_PORT(x) PORT_AT_PIN_##x
+#define PIN_TO_MASK(x) MASK_AT_PIN_##x
+
+#define PORT_TO_DIRECTION_REGISTER(x) DIRECTION_REGISTER_AT_##x
+#define PORT_TO_OUTPUT_REGISTER(x) OUTPUT_REGISTER_AT_##x
+#define PORT_TO_INPUT_REGISTER(x) INPUT_REGISTER_AT_##x
+
+#ifdef PORTA
+#define DIRECTION_REGISTER_AT_PortA DDRA
+#define OUTPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortA PORTA
+#define INPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortA PINA
+
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_A0  PortA
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_A1  PortA
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_A2  PortA
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_A3  PortA
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_A4  PortA
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_A5  PortA
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_A6  PortA
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_A7  PortA
+
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_A0  _BV(0)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_A1  _BV(1)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_A2  _BV(2)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_A3  _BV(3)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_A4  _BV(4)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_A5  _BV(5)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_A6  _BV(6)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_A7  _BV(7)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PORTB
+#define DIRECTION_REGISTER_AT_PortB DDRB
+#define OUTPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortB PORTB
+#define INPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortB PINB
+
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_B0  PortB
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_B1  PortB
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_B2  PortB
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_B3  PortB
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_B4  PortB
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_B5  PortB
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_B6  PortB
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_B7  PortB
+
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_B0  _BV(0)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_B1  _BV(1)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_B2  _BV(2)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_B3  _BV(3)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_B4  _BV(4)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_B5  _BV(5)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_B6  _BV(6)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_B7  _BV(7)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PORTC
+#define DIRECTION_REGISTER_AT_PortC DDRC
+#define OUTPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortC PORTC
+#define INPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortC PINC
+
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_C0  PortC
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_C1  PortC
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_C2  PortC
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_C3  PortC
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_C4  PortC
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_C5  PortC
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_C6  PortC
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_C7  PortC
+
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_C0  _BV(0)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_C1  _BV(1)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_C2  _BV(2)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_C3  _BV(3)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_C4  _BV(4)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_C5  _BV(5)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_C6  _BV(6)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_C7  _BV(7)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PORTD
+#define DIRECTION_REGISTER_AT_PortD DDRD
+#define OUTPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortD PORTD
+#define INPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortD PIND
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_D0  PortD
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_D1  PortD
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_D2  PortD
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_D3  PortD
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_D4  PortD
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_D5  PortD
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_D6  PortD
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_D7  PortD
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_D0  _BV(0)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_D1  _BV(1)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_D2  _BV(2)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_D3  _BV(3)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_D4  _BV(4)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_D5  _BV(5)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_D6  _BV(6)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_D7  _BV(7)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PORTE
+#define DIRECTION_REGISTER_AT_PortE DDRE
+#define OUTPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortE PORTE
+#define INPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortE PINE
+
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_E0  PortE
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_E1  PortE
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_E2  PortE
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_E3  PortE
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_E4  PortE
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_E5  PortE
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_E6  PortE
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_E7  PortE
+
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_E0  _BV(0)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_E1  _BV(1)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_E2  _BV(2)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_E3  _BV(3)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_E4  _BV(4)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_E5  _BV(5)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_E6  _BV(6)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_E7  _BV(7)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PORTF
+#define DIRECTION_REGISTER_AT_PortF DDRF
+#define OUTPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortF PORTF
+#define INPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortF PINF
+
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_F0  PortF
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_F1  PortF
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_F2  PortF
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_F3  PortF
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_F4  PortF
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_F5  PortF
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_F6  PortF
+#define PORT_AT_PIN_F7  PortF
+
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_F0  _BV(0)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_F1  _BV(1)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_F2  _BV(2)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_F3  _BV(3)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_F4  _BV(4)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_F5  _BV(5)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_F6  _BV(6)
+#define MASK_AT_PIN_F7  _BV(7)
+#endif
+
+#define MERGE_TO_FUNC(prefix, id)   prefix##_##id
+#define EXPAND_WRAPPER(NEXTLEVEL, ...)  NEXTLEVEL(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define _SET_OUTPUT(port_id, msk) PORT_TO_DIRECTION_REGISTER(port_id) |= (msk)
+#define _SET_INPUT(port_id, msk)  PORT_TO_DIRECTION_REGISTER(port_id) &= ~(msk)
+
+#define _DIGITAL_WRITE_HIGH(port_id, msk) PORT_TO_OUTPUT_REGISTER(port_id) |= (msk)
+#define _DIGITAL_WRITE_LOW(port_id, msk)  PORT_TO_OUTPUT_REGISTER(port_id) &= ~(msk)
+
+#define _DIGITAL_READ_RAW(port_id, msk) ((PORT_TO_INPUT_REGISTER(port_id)) & (msk))
+#define _DIGITAL_READ(port_id, msk)     (((PORT_TO_INPUT_REGISTER(port_id)) & (msk)) != 0 ? 1 : 0)
+
+#define _DIGITAL_TOGGLE(port_id, msk) PORT_TO_OUTPUT_REGISTER(port_id) ^= (msk)
+
+#define SET_1(pin) SET_OUTPUT(pin)
+#define SET_0(pin) SET_INPUT(pin)
+
+#define SET_0x1(pin) SET_OUTPUT(pin)
+#define SET_0x0(pin) SET_INPUT(pin)
+
+#define DIGITAL_WRITE_HIGH(pin) EXPAND_WRAPPER(_DIGITAL_WRITE_HIGH, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
+#define DIGITAL_WRITE_LOW(pin)  EXPAND_WRAPPER(_DIGITAL_WRITE_LOW, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
+
+#define DIGITAL_WRITE_1(pin) DIGITAL_WRITE_HIGH(pin) 
+#define DIGITAL_WRITE_0(pin) DIGITAL_WRITE_LOW(pin)
+
+#define DIGITAL_WRITE_0x1(pin) DIGITAL_WRITE_HIGH(pin) 
+#define DIGITAL_WRITE_0x0(pin) DIGITAL_WRITE_LOW(pin)
+
+#define DIGITAL_WRITE_ENABLE(pin)  DIGITAL_WRITE_HIGH(pin) 
+#define DIGITAL_WRITE_DISABLE(pin) DIGITAL_WRITE_LOW(pin)
+
+#define SET_OUTPUT(pin) EXPAND_WRAPPER(_SET_OUTPUT, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
+#define SET_INPUT(pin)  EXPAND_WRAPPER(_SET_INPUT, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
+
+#define pin_mode(pin, mode)  SET_##mode(pin)
+#define pin_pullup(pin, val) DIGITAL_WRITE_##val(pin)
+
+#endif /* PINS_H */