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Add bitbang version of blog article code.

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Mika Tuupola 2012-01-02 19:41:42 +02:00
parent 01261ca1b5
commit 3a162a1c55
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blog/driving_595/bitbang/Makefile Normal file
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Makefile based on WinAVR Makefile Template written by Eric B. Weddington,
# Jörg Wunsch, et al.
#
# Adjust F_CPU below to the clock frequency in Mhz of your AVR target
#
# Adjust the size of the uart receive and transmit ringbuffer in bytes using
# defines -DUART_RX_BUFFER_SIZE=128 and -DUART_TX_BUFFER_SIZE=128 in the
# CDEF section below
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# On command line:
#
# make all = Make software.
#
# make clean = Clean out built project files.
#
# make coff = Convert ELF to AVR COFF.
#
# make extcoff = Convert ELF to AVR Extended COFF.
#
# make program = Download the hex file to the device, using avrdude.
# Please customize the avrdude settings below first!
#
# make debug = Start either simulavr or avarice as specified for debugging,
# with avr-gdb or avr-insight as the front end for debugging.
#
# make filename.s = Just compile filename.c into the assembler code only.
#
# make filename.i = Create a preprocessed source file for use in submitting
# bug reports to the GCC project.
#
# To rebuild project do "make clean" then "make all".
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# MCU name
#MCU = atmega328p
MCU = atmega32u4
# Processor frequency.
# This will define a symbol, F_CPU, in all source code files equal to the
# processor frequency. You can then use this symbol in your source code to
# calculate timings. Do NOT tack on a 'UL' at the end, this will be done
# automatically to create a 32-bit value in your source code.
F_CPU = 16000000
# Output format. (can be srec, ihex, binary)
FORMAT = ihex
# Target file name (without extension).
TARGET = main
# List C source files here. (C dependencies are automatically generated.)
SRC = $(TARGET).c
# List Assembler source files here.
# Make them always end in a capital .S. Files ending in a lowercase .s
# will not be considered source files but generated files (assembler
# output from the compiler), and will be deleted upon "make clean"!
# Even though the DOS/Win* filesystem matches both .s and .S the same,
# it will preserve the spelling of the filenames, and gcc itself does
# care about how the name is spelled on its command-line.
ASRC =
# Optimization level, can be [0, 1, 2, 3, s].
# 0 = turn off optimization. s = optimize for size.
# (Note: 3 is not always the best optimization level. See avr-libc FAQ.)
OPT = s
# Debugging format.
# Native formats for AVR-GCC's -g are dwarf-2 [default] or stabs.
# AVR Studio 4.10 requires dwarf-2.
# AVR [Extended] COFF format requires stabs, plus an avr-objcopy run.
DEBUG = dwarf-2
# List any extra directories to look for include files here.
# Each directory must be seperated by a space.
# Use forward slashes for directory separators.
# For a directory that has spaces, enclose it in quotes.
EXTRAINCDIRS =
# Compiler flag to set the C Standard level.
# c89 = "ANSI" C
# gnu89 = c89 plus GCC extensions
# c99 = ISO C99 standard (not yet fully implemented)
# gnu99 = c99 plus GCC extensions
CSTANDARD = -std=gnu99
# Place -D or -U options here
CDEFS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU)UL
# uncomment and adapt these line if you want different UART library buffer size
#CDEFS += -DUART_RX_BUFFER_SIZE=128
#CDEFS += -DUART_TX_BUFFER_SIZE=128
# Place -I options here
CINCS =
#---------------- Compiler Options ----------------
# -g*: generate debugging information
# -O*: optimization level
# -f...: tuning, see GCC manual and avr-libc documentation
# -Wall...: warning level
# -Wa,...: tell GCC to pass this to the assembler.
# -adhlns...: create assembler listing
CFLAGS = -g$(DEBUG)
CFLAGS += $(CDEFS) $(CINCS)
CFLAGS += -O$(OPT)
CFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
CFLAGS += -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes
CFLAGS += -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:.c=.lst)
CFLAGS += $(patsubst %,-I%,$(EXTRAINCDIRS))
CFLAGS += $(CSTANDARD)
#---------------- Assembler Options ----------------
# -Wa,...: tell GCC to pass this to the assembler.
# -ahlms: create listing
# -gstabs: have the assembler create line number information; note that
# for use in COFF files, additional information about filenames
# and function names needs to be present in the assembler source
# files -- see avr-libc docs [FIXME: not yet described there]
ASFLAGS = -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:.S=.lst),-gstabs
#---------------- Library Options ----------------
# Minimalistic printf version
PRINTF_LIB_MIN = -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min
# Floating point printf version (requires MATH_LIB = -lm below)
PRINTF_LIB_FLOAT = -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt
# If this is left blank, then it will use the Standard printf version.
PRINTF_LIB =
#PRINTF_LIB = $(PRINTF_LIB_MIN)
#PRINTF_LIB = $(PRINTF_LIB_FLOAT)
# Minimalistic scanf version
SCANF_LIB_MIN = -Wl,-u,vfscanf -lscanf_min
# Floating point + %[ scanf version (requires MATH_LIB = -lm below)
SCANF_LIB_FLOAT = -Wl,-u,vfscanf -lscanf_flt
# If this is left blank, then it will use the Standard scanf version.
SCANF_LIB =
#SCANF_LIB = $(SCANF_LIB_MIN)
#SCANF_LIB = $(SCANF_LIB_FLOAT)
MATH_LIB = -lm
#---------------- External Memory Options ----------------
# 64 KB of external RAM, starting after internal RAM (ATmega128!),
# used for variables (.data/.bss) and heap (malloc()).
#EXTMEMOPTS = -Wl,-Tdata=0x801100,--defsym=__heap_end=0x80ffff
# 64 KB of external RAM, starting after internal RAM (ATmega128!),
# only used for heap (malloc()).
#EXTMEMOPTS = -Wl,--defsym=__heap_start=0x801100,--defsym=__heap_end=0x80ffff
EXTMEMOPTS =
#---------------- Linker Options ----------------
# -Wl,...: tell GCC to pass this to linker.
# -Map: create map file
# --cref: add cross reference to map file
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map=$(TARGET).map,--cref
LDFLAGS += $(EXTMEMOPTS)
LDFLAGS += $(PRINTF_LIB) $(SCANF_LIB) $(MATH_LIB)
#---------------- Programming Options (avrdude) ----------------
# Programming hardware: alf avr910 avrisp bascom bsd
# dt006 pavr picoweb pony-stk200 sp12 stk200 stk500
#
# Type: avrdude -c ?
# to get a full listing.
#
#AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = arduino
AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = avr109
# com1 = serial port. Use lpt1 to connect to parallel port.
AVRDUDE_PORT = /dev/tty.usb* # programmer connected to serial device
AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U flash:w:$(TARGET).hex
#AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM = -U eeprom:w:$(TARGET).eep
# Uncomment the following if you want avrdude's erase cycle counter.
# Note that this counter needs to be initialized first using -Yn,
# see avrdude manual.
#AVRDUDE_ERASE_COUNTER = -y
# Uncomment the following if you do /not/ wish a verification to be
# performed after programming the device.
#AVRDUDE_NO_VERIFY = -V
# Increase verbosity level. Please use this when submitting bug
# reports about avrdude. See <http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/avrdude>
# to submit bug reports.
#AVRDUDE_VERBOSE = -v -v
AVRDUDE_FLAGS = -p $(MCU) -P $(AVRDUDE_PORT) -c $(AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER) -b 57600
AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_NO_VERIFY)
AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_VERBOSE)
AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_ERASE_COUNTER)
#---------------- Debugging Options ----------------
# For simulavr only - target MCU frequency.
DEBUG_MFREQ = $(F_CPU)
# Set the DEBUG_UI to either gdb or insight.
# DEBUG_UI = gdb
DEBUG_UI = insight
# Set the debugging back-end to either avarice, simulavr.
DEBUG_BACKEND = avarice
#DEBUG_BACKEND = simulavr
# GDB Init Filename.
GDBINIT_FILE = __avr_gdbinit
# When using avarice settings for the JTAG
JTAG_DEV = /dev/com1
# Debugging port used to communicate between GDB / avarice / simulavr.
DEBUG_PORT = 4242
# Debugging host used to communicate between GDB / avarice / simulavr, normally
# just set to localhost unless doing some sort of crazy debugging when
# avarice is running on a different computer.
DEBUG_HOST = localhost
#============================================================================
# Define programs and commands.
SHELL = sh
CC = avr-gcc
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
SIZE = avr-size
NM = avr-nm
AVRDUDE = avrdude
REMOVE = rm -f
COPY = cp
WINSHELL = cmd
# Define Messages
# English
MSG_ERRORS_NONE = Errors: none
MSG_BEGIN = -------- begin --------
MSG_END = -------- end --------
MSG_SIZE_BEFORE = Size before:
MSG_SIZE_AFTER = Size after:
MSG_COFF = Converting to AVR COFF:
MSG_EXTENDED_COFF = Converting to AVR Extended COFF:
MSG_FLASH = Creating load file for Flash:
MSG_EEPROM = Creating load file for EEPROM:
MSG_EXTENDED_LISTING = Creating Extended Listing:
MSG_SYMBOL_TABLE = Creating Symbol Table:
MSG_LINKING = Linking:
MSG_COMPILING = Compiling:
MSG_ASSEMBLING = Assembling:
MSG_CLEANING = Cleaning project:
# Define all object files.
OBJ = $(SRC:.c=.o) $(ASRC:.S=.o)
# Define all listing files.
LST = $(SRC:.c=.lst) $(ASRC:.S=.lst)
# Compiler flags to generate dependency files.
GENDEPFLAGS = -MD -MP -MF .dep/$(@F).d
# Combine all necessary flags and optional flags.
# Add target processor to flags.
ALL_CFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CFLAGS) $(GENDEPFLAGS)
ALL_ASFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. -x assembler-with-cpp $(ASFLAGS)
# Default target.
all: begin gccversion sizebefore build sizeafter end
build: elf hex eep lss sym
elf: $(TARGET).elf
hex: $(TARGET).hex
eep: $(TARGET).eep
lss: $(TARGET).lss
sym: $(TARGET).sym
# Eye candy.
# AVR Studio 3.x does not check make's exit code but relies on
# the following magic strings to be generated by the compile job.
begin:
@echo
@echo $(MSG_BEGIN)
end:
@echo $(MSG_END)
@echo
# Display size of file.
HEXSIZE = $(SIZE) --target=$(FORMAT) $(TARGET).hex
ELFSIZE = $(SIZE) -A $(TARGET).elf
AVRMEM = avr-mem.sh $(TARGET).elf $(MCU)
sizebefore:
@if test -f $(TARGET).elf; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_BEFORE); $(ELFSIZE); \
$(AVRMEM) 2>/dev/null; echo; fi
sizeafter:
@if test -f $(TARGET).elf; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_AFTER); $(ELFSIZE); \
$(AVRMEM) 2>/dev/null; echo; fi
# Display compiler version information.
gccversion :
@$(CC) --version
# Program the device.
program: $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).eep
$(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_FLAGS) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM)
# Generate avr-gdb config/init file which does the following:
# define the reset signal, load the target file, connect to target, and set
# a breakpoint at main().
gdb-config:
@$(REMOVE) $(GDBINIT_FILE)
@echo define reset >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
@echo SIGNAL SIGHUP >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
@echo end >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
@echo file $(TARGET).elf >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
@echo target remote $(DEBUG_HOST):$(DEBUG_PORT) >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
ifeq ($(DEBUG_BACKEND),simulavr)
@echo load >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
endif
@echo break main >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
debug: gdb-config $(TARGET).elf
ifeq ($(DEBUG_BACKEND), avarice)
@echo Starting AVaRICE - Press enter when "waiting to connect" message displays.
@$(WINSHELL) /c start avarice --jtag $(JTAG_DEV) --erase --program --file \
$(TARGET).elf $(DEBUG_HOST):$(DEBUG_PORT)
@$(WINSHELL) /c pause
else
@$(WINSHELL) /c start simulavr --gdbserver --device $(MCU) --clock-freq \
$(DEBUG_MFREQ) --port $(DEBUG_PORT)
endif
@$(WINSHELL) /c start avr-$(DEBUG_UI) --command=$(GDBINIT_FILE)
# Convert ELF to COFF for use in debugging / simulating in AVR Studio or VMLAB.
COFFCONVERT=$(OBJCOPY) --debugging \
--change-section-address .data-0x800000 \
--change-section-address .bss-0x800000 \
--change-section-address .noinit-0x800000 \
--change-section-address .eeprom-0x810000
coff: $(TARGET).elf
@echo
@echo $(MSG_COFF) $(TARGET).cof
$(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-avr $< $(TARGET).cof
extcoff: $(TARGET).elf
@echo
@echo $(MSG_EXTENDED_COFF) $(TARGET).cof
$(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-ext-avr $< $(TARGET).cof
# Create final output files (.hex, .eep) from ELF output file.
%.hex: %.elf
@echo
@echo $(MSG_FLASH) $@
$(OBJCOPY) -O $(FORMAT) -R .eeprom $< $@
%.eep: %.elf
@echo
@echo $(MSG_EEPROM) $@
-$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom="alloc,load" \
--change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O $(FORMAT) $< $@
# Create extended listing file from ELF output file.
%.lss: %.elf
@echo
@echo $(MSG_EXTENDED_LISTING) $@
$(OBJDUMP) -h -S $< > $@
# Create a symbol table from ELF output file.
%.sym: %.elf
@echo
@echo $(MSG_SYMBOL_TABLE) $@
$(NM) -n $< > $@
# Link: create ELF output file from object files.
.SECONDARY : $(TARGET).elf
.PRECIOUS : $(OBJ)
%.elf: $(OBJ)
@echo
@echo $(MSG_LINKING) $@
$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $^ --output $@ $(LDFLAGS)
# Compile: create object files from C source files.
%.o : %.c
@echo
@echo $(MSG_COMPILING) $<
$(CC) -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@
# Compile: create assembler files from C source files.
%.s : %.c
$(CC) -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@
# Assemble: create object files from assembler source files.
%.o : %.S
@echo
@echo $(MSG_ASSEMBLING) $<
$(CC) -c $(ALL_ASFLAGS) $< -o $@
# Create preprocessed source for use in sending a bug report.
%.i : %.c
$(CC) -E -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
# Target: clean project.
clean: begin clean_list end
clean_list :
@echo
@echo $(MSG_CLEANING)
$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).hex
$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).eep
$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).cof
$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).elf
$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).map
$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).sym
$(REMOVE) $(TARGET).lss
$(REMOVE) $(OBJ)
$(REMOVE) $(LST)
$(REMOVE) $(SRC:.c=.s)
$(REMOVE) $(SRC:.c=.d)
$(REMOVE) .dep/*
# Include the dependency files.
-include $(shell mkdir .dep 2>/dev/null) $(wildcard .dep/*)
# Listing of phony targets.
.PHONY : all begin finish end sizebefore sizeafter gccversion \
build elf hex eep lss sym coff extcoff \
clean clean_list program debug gdb-config

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/*
* Code to write data to two daisychained TPIC6B595 SIPO shift registers.
*
* http://appelsiini.net/2011/driving-595-shift-registers
*
* The TPIC6B595 is a monolithic, high-voltage, medium-current power 8-bit
* shift register designed for use in systems that require relatively high
* load power.
*
* This device contains an 8-bit serial-in, parallel-out shift register that
* feeds an 8-bit D-type storage register. Data transfers through both the
* shift and storage registers on the rising edge of the shift-register clock
* (SRCK) and the register clock (RCK), respectively. The storage register
* transfers data to the output buffer when shift-register clear (SRCLR) is
* high. When SRCLR is low, the input shift register is cleared. When output
* enable (G) is held high, all data in the output buffers is held low and all
* drain outputs are off. When G is held low, data from the storage register
* is transparent to the output buffers. When data in the output buffers is
* low, the DMOS-transistor outputs are off. When data is high, the DMOS-
* transistor outputs have sink-current capability. The serial output (SER
* OUT) allows for cascading of the data from the shift register to additional
* devices.
*
* http://www.adafruit.com/datasheets/tpic6b595.pdf
*
* To compile and upload run: make clean; make; make program;
*
* Copyright 2012 Mika Tuupola
*
* Licensed under the MIT license:
* http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
*
*/
#include <util/delay.h>
#include "main.h"
#include "pins/digital.h"
#define LATCH B0 /* RCK */
#define CLOCK B1 /* SRCK */
#define DATA B2 /* SER IN */
static void init(void) {
pin_mode(LATCH, OUTPUT);
pin_mode(CLOCK, OUTPUT);
pin_mode(DATA, OUTPUT);
}
/* Assumes MSB first. */
void shift_out(uint8_t data) {
for(uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
/* Write bit to data port. */
if (0 == (data & _BV(7 - i))) {
digital_write(DATA, LOW);
} else {
digital_write(DATA, HIGH);
}
/* Pulse clock input to write next bit. */
digital_write(CLOCK, LOW);
digital_write(CLOCK, HIGH);
}
}
int main(void) {
init();
for(uint16_t i = 0; i < 0xffff; i++) {
/* Shift high byte first to shift register. */
shift_out(i >> 8);
shift_out(i & 0xff);
/* Pulse latch to transfer data from shift registers */
/* to storage registers. */
digital_write(LATCH, LOW);
digital_write(LATCH, HIGH);
_delay_ms(50);
}
return 0;
}

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static void init(void);
int main(void);

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/*
* arduino.h
*
* Lightweight macro implementation of Arduino style pin numbering
* for accessing Atmel digital and analog pins.
*
* pin_mode(1, OUTPUT);
* digital_write(1, HIGH);
* pin_mode(2, INPUT);
* digital_read(2);
*
* This file is based on Arduino project.
* https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/
*
* Copyright (c) 2007-2011 David A. Mellis, Mika tuupola
*
* Licensed under the LGPL 2.1 license:
* http://www.opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.php
*/
#ifndef ARDUINO_H
#define ARDUINO_H
/* atmega328 */
#define PORT_AT_PIN_0 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_1 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_2 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_3 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_4 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_5 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_6 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_7 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_8 PortB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_9 PortB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_10 PortB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_11 PortB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_12 PortB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_13 PortB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_14 PortC
#define PORT_AT_PIN_15 PortC
#define PORT_AT_PIN_16 PortC
#define PORT_AT_PIN_17 PortC
#define PORT_AT_PIN_18 PortC
#define PORT_AT_PIN_19 PortC
#define PORT_AT_PIN_20 PortB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_21 PortB
#define MASK_AT_PIN_0 _BV(0)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_1 _BV(1)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_2 _BV(2)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_3 _BV(3)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_4 _BV(4)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_5 _BV(5)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_6 _BV(6)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_7 _BV(7)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_8 _BV(0)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_9 _BV(1)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_10 _BV(2)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_11 _BV(3)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_12 _BV(4)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_13 _BV(5)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_14 _BV(0)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_15 _BV(1)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_16 _BV(2)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_17 _BV(3)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_18 _BV(4)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_19 _BV(5)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_20 _BV(6)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_21 _BV(7)
#endif /* ARDUINO_H */

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/*
* digital.h
*
* Lightweight macro implementation of AVR pin numbering for
* accessing Atmel digital and analog pins.
*
* pin_mode(A1, OUTPUT);
* digital_write(A1, HIGH);
* pin_mode(A2, INPUT);
* digital_read(A2);
*
* This file is based on the excellent ArduinoLite project by
* Shikai Chen <csk@live.com>.
*
* http://code.google.com/p/arduino-lite/
* http://www.csksoft.net/
*
* Copyright (c) 2010-2011 Shikai Chen, Mika Tuupola
*
* Licensed under the LGPL 2.1 license:
* http://www.opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.php
*/
#ifndef DIGITAL_H
#define DIGITAL_H
#include "pins.h"
#define digital_read(pin) EXPAND_WRAPPER(_DIGITAL_READ, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
#define digital_read_raw(pin) EXPAND_WRAPPER(_DIGITAL_READ_RAW, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
#define digital_write(pin, val) DIGITAL_WRITE_##val(pin)
#define digital_toggle(pin) EXPAND_WRAPPER(_DIGITAL_TOGGLE, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
#endif /* DIGITAL_H */

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/*
* pins.h
*
* Lightweight macro implementation of AVR pin numbering for
* accessing Atmel digital and analog pins.
*
* pin_mode(A1, OUTPUT);
* digital_write(A1, HIGH);
* pin_mode(A2, INPUT);
* digital_read(A2);
*
* This file is based on the excellent ArduinoLite project by
* Shikai Chen <csk@live.com>.
*
* http://code.google.com/p/arduino-lite/
* http://www.csksoft.net/
*
* Copyright (c) 2010-2011 Shikai Chen, Mika Tuupola
*
* Licensed under the LGPL 2.1 license:
* http://www.opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.php
*/
#ifndef PINS_H
#define PINS_H
#include <avr/sfr_defs.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include "arduino.h"
#define HIGH 0x1
#define LOW 0x0
#define INPUT 0x0
#define OUTPUT 0x1
#define ENABLE 0x1
#define DISABLE 0x0
#define PIN_TO_PORT(x) PORT_AT_PIN_##x
#define PIN_TO_MASK(x) MASK_AT_PIN_##x
#define PORT_TO_DIRECTION_REGISTER(x) DIRECTION_REGISTER_AT_##x
#define PORT_TO_OUTPUT_REGISTER(x) OUTPUT_REGISTER_AT_##x
#define PORT_TO_INPUT_REGISTER(x) INPUT_REGISTER_AT_##x
#ifdef PORTA
#define DIRECTION_REGISTER_AT_PortA DDRA
#define OUTPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortA PORTA
#define INPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortA PINA
#define PORT_AT_PIN_A0 PortA
#define PORT_AT_PIN_A1 PortA
#define PORT_AT_PIN_A2 PortA
#define PORT_AT_PIN_A3 PortA
#define PORT_AT_PIN_A4 PortA
#define PORT_AT_PIN_A5 PortA
#define PORT_AT_PIN_A6 PortA
#define PORT_AT_PIN_A7 PortA
#define MASK_AT_PIN_A0 _BV(0)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_A1 _BV(1)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_A2 _BV(2)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_A3 _BV(3)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_A4 _BV(4)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_A5 _BV(5)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_A6 _BV(6)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_A7 _BV(7)
#endif
#ifdef PORTB
#define DIRECTION_REGISTER_AT_PortB DDRB
#define OUTPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortB PORTB
#define INPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortB PINB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_B0 PortB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_B1 PortB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_B2 PortB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_B3 PortB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_B4 PortB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_B5 PortB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_B6 PortB
#define PORT_AT_PIN_B7 PortB
#define MASK_AT_PIN_B0 _BV(0)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_B1 _BV(1)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_B2 _BV(2)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_B3 _BV(3)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_B4 _BV(4)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_B5 _BV(5)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_B6 _BV(6)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_B7 _BV(7)
#endif
#ifdef PORTC
#define DIRECTION_REGISTER_AT_PortC DDRC
#define OUTPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortC PORTC
#define INPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortC PINC
#define PORT_AT_PIN_C0 PortC
#define PORT_AT_PIN_C1 PortC
#define PORT_AT_PIN_C2 PortC
#define PORT_AT_PIN_C3 PortC
#define PORT_AT_PIN_C4 PortC
#define PORT_AT_PIN_C5 PortC
#define PORT_AT_PIN_C6 PortC
#define PORT_AT_PIN_C7 PortC
#define MASK_AT_PIN_C0 _BV(0)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_C1 _BV(1)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_C2 _BV(2)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_C3 _BV(3)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_C4 _BV(4)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_C5 _BV(5)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_C6 _BV(6)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_C7 _BV(7)
#endif
#ifdef PORTD
#define DIRECTION_REGISTER_AT_PortD DDRD
#define OUTPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortD PORTD
#define INPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortD PIND
#define PORT_AT_PIN_D0 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_D1 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_D2 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_D3 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_D4 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_D5 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_D6 PortD
#define PORT_AT_PIN_D7 PortD
#define MASK_AT_PIN_D0 _BV(0)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_D1 _BV(1)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_D2 _BV(2)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_D3 _BV(3)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_D4 _BV(4)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_D5 _BV(5)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_D6 _BV(6)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_D7 _BV(7)
#endif
#ifdef PORTE
#define DIRECTION_REGISTER_AT_PortE DDRE
#define OUTPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortE PORTE
#define INPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortE PINE
#define PORT_AT_PIN_E0 PortE
#define PORT_AT_PIN_E1 PortE
#define PORT_AT_PIN_E2 PortE
#define PORT_AT_PIN_E3 PortE
#define PORT_AT_PIN_E4 PortE
#define PORT_AT_PIN_E5 PortE
#define PORT_AT_PIN_E6 PortE
#define PORT_AT_PIN_E7 PortE
#define MASK_AT_PIN_E0 _BV(0)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_E1 _BV(1)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_E2 _BV(2)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_E3 _BV(3)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_E4 _BV(4)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_E5 _BV(5)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_E6 _BV(6)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_E7 _BV(7)
#endif
#ifdef PORTF
#define DIRECTION_REGISTER_AT_PortF DDRF
#define OUTPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortF PORTF
#define INPUT_REGISTER_AT_PortF PINF
#define PORT_AT_PIN_F0 PortF
#define PORT_AT_PIN_F1 PortF
#define PORT_AT_PIN_F2 PortF
#define PORT_AT_PIN_F3 PortF
#define PORT_AT_PIN_F4 PortF
#define PORT_AT_PIN_F5 PortF
#define PORT_AT_PIN_F6 PortF
#define PORT_AT_PIN_F7 PortF
#define MASK_AT_PIN_F0 _BV(0)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_F1 _BV(1)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_F2 _BV(2)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_F3 _BV(3)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_F4 _BV(4)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_F5 _BV(5)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_F6 _BV(6)
#define MASK_AT_PIN_F7 _BV(7)
#endif
#define MERGE_TO_FUNC(prefix, id) prefix##_##id
#define EXPAND_WRAPPER(NEXTLEVEL, ...) NEXTLEVEL(__VA_ARGS__)
#define _SET_OUTPUT(port_id, msk) PORT_TO_DIRECTION_REGISTER(port_id) |= (msk)
#define _SET_INPUT(port_id, msk) PORT_TO_DIRECTION_REGISTER(port_id) &= ~(msk)
#define _DIGITAL_WRITE_HIGH(port_id, msk) PORT_TO_OUTPUT_REGISTER(port_id) |= (msk)
#define _DIGITAL_WRITE_LOW(port_id, msk) PORT_TO_OUTPUT_REGISTER(port_id) &= ~(msk)
#define _DIGITAL_READ_RAW(port_id, msk) ((PORT_TO_INPUT_REGISTER(port_id)) & (msk))
#define _DIGITAL_READ(port_id, msk) (((PORT_TO_INPUT_REGISTER(port_id)) & (msk)) != 0 ? 1 : 0)
#define _DIGITAL_TOGGLE(port_id, msk) PORT_TO_OUTPUT_REGISTER(port_id) ^= (msk)
#define SET_1(pin) SET_OUTPUT(pin)
#define SET_0(pin) SET_INPUT(pin)
#define SET_0x1(pin) SET_OUTPUT(pin)
#define SET_0x0(pin) SET_INPUT(pin)
#define DIGITAL_WRITE_HIGH(pin) EXPAND_WRAPPER(_DIGITAL_WRITE_HIGH, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
#define DIGITAL_WRITE_LOW(pin) EXPAND_WRAPPER(_DIGITAL_WRITE_LOW, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
#define DIGITAL_WRITE_1(pin) DIGITAL_WRITE_HIGH(pin)
#define DIGITAL_WRITE_0(pin) DIGITAL_WRITE_LOW(pin)
#define DIGITAL_WRITE_0x1(pin) DIGITAL_WRITE_HIGH(pin)
#define DIGITAL_WRITE_0x0(pin) DIGITAL_WRITE_LOW(pin)
#define DIGITAL_WRITE_ENABLE(pin) DIGITAL_WRITE_HIGH(pin)
#define DIGITAL_WRITE_DISABLE(pin) DIGITAL_WRITE_LOW(pin)
#define SET_OUTPUT(pin) EXPAND_WRAPPER(_SET_OUTPUT, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
#define SET_INPUT(pin) EXPAND_WRAPPER(_SET_INPUT, PIN_TO_PORT(pin), PIN_TO_MASK(pin))
#define pin_mode(pin, mode) SET_##mode(pin)
#define pin_pullup(pin, val) DIGITAL_WRITE_##val(pin)
#endif /* PINS_H */